Propiedades fisicoquímicas y actividad antioxidante de chiltepín cultivado bajo mallas sombra de colores.

En la última década han surgido en el mercado mallas de colores que debido a sus propiedades fotosintéticas que mejoran el aprovechamiento de la radiación solar en los cultivos protegidos. En este trabajo se evaluó la influencia de mallas sombra sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas y actividad antioxidante de frutos de chiltepín. Se determinaron las siguientes variables de estudio; pH, Sólidos solubles totales, acidez titulable, color, vitamina “C” y actividad antioxidante por DPPH. El diseño experimental utilizado fue completamente al azar y la prueba de comparaciones de medias de Tukey (p≤ 0.05). No se observaron diferencias significativas en acidez titulable. Se observó una mayor brillantez en los frutos de chiltepín cultivados bajo invernadero, mientras que el mayor valor de a* y Croma se observó en los frutos de chiltepín cultivado bajo malla azul. El mayor contenido de sólidos solubles totales se observó en los frutos cultivados bajo malla roja, y el mayor contenido de vitamina “C”, se observó en los frutos de chiltepín cultivados en campo y bajo malla sombra de color azul, sin embargo la mayor actividad antioxidante se observó en los frutos cultivados en campo y bajo invernadero

Incidence, clinical characteristics and management of inflammatory bowel disease in Spain: large-scale epidemiological study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD—Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)—during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100, 000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31–56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Neuroprotection by adenosine in the brain: From A1 receptor activation to A2A receptor blockade

Adenosine is a neuromodulator that operates via the most abundant inhibitory adenosine A1 receptors (A1Rs) and the less abundant, but widespread, facilitatory A2ARs. It is commonly assumed that A1Rs play a key role in neuroprotection since they decrease glutamate release and hyperpolarize neurons. In fact, A1R activation at the onset of neuronal injury attenuates brain damage, whereas its blockade exacerbates damage in adult animals. However, there is a down-regulation of central A1Rs in chronic noxious situations. In contrast, A2ARs are up-regulated in noxious brain conditions and their blockade confers robust brain neuroprotection in adult animals. The brain neuroprotective effect of A2AR antagonists is maintained in chronic noxious brain conditions without observable peripheral effects, thus justifying the interest of A2AR antagonists as novel protective agents in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, ischemic brain damage and epilepsy. The greater interest of A2AR blockade compared to A1R activation does not mean that A1R activation is irrelevant for a neuroprotective strategy. In fact, it is proposed that coupling A2AR antagonists with strategies aimed at bursting the levels of extracellular adenosine (by inhibiting adenosine kinase) to activate A1Rs might constitute the more robust brain neuroprotective strategy based on the adenosine neuromodulatory system. This strategy should be useful in adult animals and especially in the elderly (where brain pathologies are prevalent) but is not valid for fetus or newborns where the impact of adenosine receptors on brain damage is different

Reconstrucción 3D de la sagita de una superficie en rotación

Se describe un instrumento de contacto óptico para reconstruir en 3D la sagita de superficies no reflectoras tanto cóncavas como convexas. El instrumento mide la sagita proyectando la imagen de una rendija sobre la superficie a evaluar. Para obtener la sagita en 3D el instrumento se traslada en la dirección X y la superficie de prueba gira a una velocidad angular constante. Se alcanza una resolución de hasta 2.5¹m en Z y 1¹m en X

Chromosomal abnormalities are related to location and grade of osteoarthritis

[Objective]: To investigate the frequency of numerical aberrations of chromosomes 7, X and Y in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) by performing fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) studies on articular cartilage, and to correlate the chromosomal changes with the degree and location of articular involvement. [Patients]: Thirty-four women and 10 m en with OA were included in the study. As a control group, 6 women and 5 men operated for orthopedic disorders other than OA were analyzed. [Methods]: FISH studies were perfo rmed on hip or knee cartilage, using two-color centromere-specific probes for chromosomes 7 & X for women and 7 & Y for men. [Results]: FISH analysis revealed that 46% of OA p atients had numerical abnormalities of chromosomes 7, X or Y. An extra chromosome 7 (trisomy 7) was present in 35% of patients with chromosomal aberrations. All males with OA lost the Y chromosome while 15% of the women had loss of one chromosome X (monosomy X). Trisomy 7 was associated with hip OA (p = 0.019) and advanced OA according to the Kellgren and Lawrence classification (p = 0.05). None of the 11 controls showed abnormalities in the chromosomes analyzed. Conclusions: FISH analysis showed the pres ence of numerical chromosomal abnormalities in the articular cartilage of patients with OA. © 2004 OsteoArthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Partially supported by Grants of Spanish FIS (01/3153 and 02/1393). Mariana Castellanos was supported by a Grant of Fundación Mapfre Medicina (Universidad de Salamanca, Spain).Peer Reviewe

Chromosomal abnormalities are related to location and grade of osteoarthritis

[Objective]: To investigate the frequency of numerical aberrations of chromosomes 7, X and Y in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) by performing fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) studies on articular cartilage, and to correlate the chromosomal changes with the degree and location of articular involvement. [Patients]: Thirty-four women and 10 m en with OA were included in the study. As a control group, 6 women and 5 men operated for orthopedic disorders other than OA were analyzed. [Methods]: FISH studies were perfo rmed on hip or knee cartilage, using two-color centromere-specific probes for chromosomes 7 & X for women and 7 & Y for men. [Results]: FISH analysis revealed that 46% of OA p atients had numerical abnormalities of chromosomes 7, X or Y. An extra chromosome 7 (trisomy 7) was present in 35% of patients with chromosomal aberrations. All males with OA lost the Y chromosome while 15% of the women had loss of one chromosome X (monosomy X). Trisomy 7 was associated with hip OA (p = 0.019) and advanced OA according to the Kellgren and Lawrence classification (p = 0.05). None of the 11 controls showed abnormalities in the chromosomes analyzed. Conclusions: FISH analysis showed the pres ence of numerical chromosomal abnormalities in the articular cartilage of patients with OA. © 2004 OsteoArthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Partially supported by Grants of Spanish FIS (01/3153 and 02/1393). Mariana Castellanos was supported by a Grant of Fundación Mapfre Medicina (Universidad de Salamanca, Spain).Peer Reviewe

Both expanded and uncultured mesenchymal stem cells from MDS patients are genomically abnormal, showing a specific genetic profile for the 5q− syndromeMesenchymal stem cells of 5q− syndrome

The presence of cytogenetic aberrations on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients is controversial. The aim of the study is to characterize bone marrow (BM) derived MSC from patients with MDS using: kinetic studies, immunophenotyping, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and genetic changes by array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH). In all 36 cases of untreated MDS were studied. MDS-MSC achieved confluence at a significantly slower rate than donor-MSC, and the antigenic expression of CD105 and CD104 was lower. Array-CGH studies showed DNA genomic changes that were proved not to be somatic. These results were confirmed by FISH. To confirm that genomic changes were also present in freshly obtained MSCs they were enriched by sorting BM cells with the following phenotype: CD45-/CD73++/CD34-/ CD271++. They also showed genomic changes that were confirmed by FISH. To analyze the relationship of these aberrations with clinical-biological data an unsupervized hierarchical cluster analysis was performed, two clusters were identified: the first one included the 5q- syndrome patients, whereas the other incorporated other MDS. Our results show, for the first time that MSC from MDS display genomic aberrations, assessed by array-CGH and FISH, some of them specially linked to a particular MDS subtype, the 5q- syndrome.Peer Reviewe