Evaluación del efecto de varios fungicidas sobre la simbiosis micorrícica entre dos especies de Glomus presentes en inóculos comerciales y plántulas de Allium porrum L.

This paper reports the effect of twenty-five commonly used fungicides in agriculture on two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) present in commercial products of ATENS, S.L.: Glomus intraradices (Schenck & Smith) and Glomus mosseae [(Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe], forming the symbiosis with leek plants. Systemic fungicides (Aliette, Beltanol, Caddy 10, Forum, Moncut, Ortiva, Previcur, Ridomil Gold MZ, Ridomil Gold SL, Rubigan, Sinthane, Stroby, Swich, Tachigarem, Teldor, Topas 10 EC, Frupica) and non systemic fungicides (Daconil 75%, Ditiver, Euparem, INACOP, Octagón, Parmex, Terrazole and Metaram), started to be applied to soil and leaves at recommended concentrations and frequencies 4 weeks after transplant and AMF inoculation. The effect of the fungicides was assessed by comparing treated and untreated plants that were inoculated with the AMF through quantification of root mycorrhizal colonization. Among the fungicides applied to the soil, Octagon, Ditiver, Parmex and Metaram virtually eliminated the mycorrhizal symbiosis in treated plants, while the mycorrhizal colonization was not affected by the soil treatment with Beltanol, INACOP and Previcur. Three fungicides of foliar recommended application: Rubigan, Frupica, and Sinthane, strongly inhibited mycorrhizal colonization, but Aliette, Forum, Teldor, Swich and Ortiva, did not seem to reduce it substantially. In addition, the work describes the individual effect of each fungicide applied on both, foliage and soil. Se han evaluado 25 fungicidas comerciales usados comúnmente en agricultura, sobre dos especies de hongos formadores de micorriza arbuscular (HMA) presentes en productos comerciales de ATENS, S.L (Glomus intraradices (Schenck & Smith), y Glomus mosseae [(Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe], en simbiosis con las raíces de plántulas de puerro. Tanto los fungicidas sistémicos (Aliette, Beltanol, Caddy 10, Forum, Moncut, Ortiva, Previcur, Ridomil Gold MZ, Ridomil Gold SL, Rubigan, Sinthane, Stroby, Swich, Tachigarem, Teldor, Topas 10 EC y Frupica) como los no sistémicos (Daconil 75%, Ditiver, Euparem, INACOP, Octagón, Parmex, Terrazole y Metaram), comenzaron a aplicarse al suelo y a las hojas de las plantas, 4 semanas después del trasplante e inoculación con HMA, usando las dosis y frecuencias recomendadas por el fabricante. Se compararon los efectos de los compuestos fungicidas por medio del análisis de la colonización micorrícica de las raíces en plantas tratadas y no tratadas. Los fungicidas ensayados con aplicación recomendada al suelo: Octagón, Ditiver, Parmex y Metaram, eliminaron prácticamente la simbiosis micorriza en las plantas tratadas. Sin embargo, la micorriza no sufrió ningún tipo de afectación con los tratamientos dirigidos a suelo de Beltanol, INACOP y Previcur. Tres de los fungicidas de aplicación recomendadas por vía foliar: Rubigan, Frupica y Sinthane, inhibieron fuertemente la colonización micorrícica, a diferencia de Aliette, Forum, Teldor, Swich y Ortiva, que no parecen inhibirla de manera substancial. Se describe además en el trabajo el efecto individual de cada fungicida, aplicado tanto a nivel foliar como de suelo

Evaluation of some fungicides on mycorrhizal symbiosis between two Glomus species from commercial inocula and Allium porrum L. seedlings

This paper reports the effect of twenty-five commonly used fungicides in agriculture on two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) present in commercial products of ATENS, S.L.: Glomus intraradices (Schenck & Smith) and Glomus mosseae [(Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe], forming the symbiosis with leek plants. Systemic fungicides (Aliette, Beltanol, Caddy 10, Forum, Moncut, Ortiva, Previcur, Ridomil Gold MZ, Ridomil Gold SL, Rubigan, Sinthane, Stroby, Swich, Tachigarem, Teldor, Topas 10 EC, Frupica) and non systemic fungicides (Daconil 75%, Ditiver, Euparem, INACOP, Octagón, Parmex, Terrazole and Metaram), started to be applied to soil and leaves at recommended concentrations and frequencies 4 weeks after transplant and AMF inoculation. The effect of the fungicides was assessed by comparing treated and untreated plants that were inoculated with the AMF through quantification of root mycorrhizal colonization. Among the fungicides applied to the soil, Octagon, Ditiver, Parmex and Metaram virtually eliminated the mycorrhizal symbiosis in treated plants, while the mycorrhizal colonization was not affected by the soil treatment with Beltanol, INACOP and Previcur. Three fungicides of foliar recommended application: Rubigan, Frupica, and Sinthane, strongly inhibited mycorrhizal colonization, but Aliette, Forum, Teldor, Swich and Ortiva, did not seem to reduce it substantially. In addition, the work describes the individual effect of each fungicide applied on both, foliage and soil.Se han evaluado 25 fungicidas comerciales usados comúnmente en agricultura, sobre dos especies de hongos formadores de micorriza arbuscular (HMA) presentes en productos comerciales de ATENS, S.L (Glomus intraradices (Schenck & Smith), y Glomus mosseae [(Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe], en simbiosis con las raíces de plántulas de puerro. Tanto los fungicidas sistémicos (Aliette, Beltanol, Caddy 10, Forum, Moncut, Ortiva, Previcur, Ridomil Gold MZ, Ridomil Gold SL, Rubigan, Sinthane, Stroby, Swich, Tachigarem, Teldor, Topas 10 EC y Frupica) como los no sistémicos (Daconil 75%, Ditiver, Euparem, INACOP, Octagón, Parmex, Terrazole y Metaram), comenzaron a aplicarse al suelo y a las hojas de las plantas, 4 semanas después del trasplante e inoculación con HMA, usando las dosis y frecuencias recomendadas por el fabricante. Se compararon los efectos de los compuestos fungicidas por medio del análisis de la colonización micorrícica de las raíces en plantas tratadas y no tratadas. Los fungicidas ensayados con aplicación recomendada al suelo: Octagón, Ditiver, Parmex y Metaram, eliminaron prácticamente la simbiosis micorriza en las plantas tratadas. Sin embargo, la micorriza no sufrió ningún tipo de afectación con los tratamientos dirigidos a suelo de Beltanol, INACOP y Previcur. Tres de los fungicidas de aplicación recomendadas por vía foliar: Rubigan, Frupica y Sinthane, inhibieron fuertemente la colonización micorrícica, a diferencia de Aliette, Forum, Teldor, Swich y Ortiva, que no parecen inhibirla de manera substancial. Se describe además en el trabajo el efecto individual de cada fungicida, aplicado tanto a nivel foliar como de suel

A nurse plant benefits from facilitative interactions through mycorrhizae

Plant facilitation promotes coexistence by maintaining differences in the regeneration niche because some nurse species recruit under arid conditions, whereas facilitated species recruit under more mesic conditions. In one Mexican community, 95% of species recruit through facilitation; Mimosa luisana being a keystone nurse for many of them. M. luisana individuals manifest greater fitness when growing in association with their facilitated plants than when growing in isolation. This observation suggests that nurses also benefit from their facilitated plants, a benefit thought to be mediated by mycorrhizal fungi. Under field conditions, we experimentally tested whether mycorrhizal fungi mediate the increased fitness that M. luisana experiences when growing in association with its facilitated plants. We applied fungicide to the soil for nurse plants growing alone and growing in association with their facilitated plants in order to reduce the mycorrhizal colonisation of roots. We then assessed the quantity and quality of seed production of M. luisana in four treatments (isolated‐control, isolated‐fungicide, associated‐control and associated‐fungicide). Fungicide application reduced the percentage root length colonised by mycorrhizae and reduced fitness of M. luisana when growing in association with their facilitated plants but not when growing in isolation. This reduction was reflected in the total number of seeds, number of seeds per pod, seed mass and seed viability. These results suggest that nurses benefit from the presence of their facilitated plants through links established by mycorrhizae, indicating that both plants and belowground mutualistic communities are all part of one system, coexisting by means of intrinsically linked interactions.This work was supported by PAPIIT‐DGAPA, UNAM (IN‐213414‐3; IN‐210117), MICINN (CGL2014‐58333‐P) and CYTED (Red CYTED P417RT0228) for funding the study. L. Sortibrán acknowledges the scholarship and financial support provided by the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT, 103137) and UNAM.Peer reviewe

Lifestyle and fat distribution in asthmatic and healthy adolescents

El objetivo es analizar el estilo de vida, en función del ejercicio y la dieta, de un grupo de adolescentes de la Comunidad de Madrid, teniendo en cuenta género y patología y su relación con el estado nutricional, la distribución de grasa y la función pulmonar. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de 207 sujetos que analizó el estilo de vida a partir del nivel de actividad física (AF) y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, el estado nutricional y la distribución de grasa, y la salud respiratoria. Resultados: El grupo de no asmáticos fue más activo (p=0,003) y presentó menor ICT (p=0,001) que el grupo de asmáticos. Se encontraron diferencias significativas dentro del grupo sin asma en nivel de AF siendo los varones más activos (p=0,01) y presentando menor índice cinturatalla (ICT) que las mujeres del mismo grupo (p=0,001). Conclusiones: Los adolescentes no asmáticos fueron más activos y presentaron mejor distribución de grasa que los asmáticosObjectives: objective is to analyze the lifestyle, integrating exercise and diet, of a group of adolescents from the Community of Madrid, taking into account gender and pathology and its relationship with nutritional status, fat distribution and lung function in adolescents with or without asthma. Methods: This was a descriptive study including 207 subjects aged 13.20 ± 0.62 years. Lifestyle was assessed in terms of physical activity (PA) levels, Mediterranean diet, nutritional status, and respiratory health measured through FEV1 (z). Results: In the non-asthma group, boys were more active (p = 0.01) and showed a lower waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) than girls (p = 0.001). Participants without asthma were more active (p = 0.003), and had a better WHtR (p = 0.001) and FEV1 (p = 0.001) than those with asthma. Conclusions: In this Spanish population sample, non-asthmatic adolescents were more active and showed a better nutritional status, fat distribution and respiratory health than their peers with asthma.Financiado a través de la VII Convocatoria Real Madrid-Universidad Europea (Ref 2015/03RM); Tercer premio en los XV Premios Neumomadrid; Beca Jóvenes Investigadores de la SENP 2015.1.417 JCR (2019) Q4, 69/85 Sport Sciences0.401 SJR (2019) Q2, 100/207 Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation; Q3, 90/125 Sports Science1.326 IDR (2019) C1, 5/43 DeporteUE

Perceived environment in relation to objective and self-reported physical activity in Spanish youth. The UP&DOWN study

The aims of the present study were to assess the association of environmental perception with objective and self-reported physical activity (PA) and the relation between environmental perception and meeting PA recommendations on children and adolescents. A sample of 1520 youth (770 boys) aged 8-18 years (12.1 ± 2.5 years) from the UP&DOWN study were included in the data analyses. Environmental perception was assessed with the short adapted version of the ALPHA environmental questionnaire. PA was objectively (accelerometers) and self-reported measured (PA Questionnaire for Children, Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise Questionnaire and Finnish PA Index). Linear regression models were used to assess the association of environmental perception with PA. Bivariate logistic regression models were used to assess differences between environmental perception and meeting PA recommendations. Environmental perception was positively associated with both objective and self-reported PA. Some differences were found in the association of environmental perception and PA between sex-and age-specific groups. Youth who perceived a more favourable environment were more likely to meet PA recommendations (at least 60 min · day− 1 of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA)). Results suggest that environmental perceptions of children and adolescents may play an important role in achieving higher levels of PA.Plan Nacional de I+D+I MICINN (DEP 2010-21662-C04- 00)2.539 JCR (2016) Q2, 17/81 Sport Sciences1.280 SJR (2016) Q1, 31/280 Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 18/195 Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, 29/127 Sports ScienceNo data IDR 2016UE