Censo de focos de "Heterobasidion annosum" (Fr.) Bref. en ecosistemas de pinsapo

Se exponen los resultados de un censo de focos de podredumbre radical causada por Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. en ecosistemas de Abies pinsapo Boiss. en las tres áreas de distribución natural de la especie en la Península Ibérica: los pinsapares de Sierra de las Nieves (Málaga), Sierra de Grazalema (Cádiz) y Los Reales de Sierra Bermeja (Málaga). La búsqueda del patógeno se dirigió a la observación de los sistemas radicales de los pies derribados visibles en el monte, para posterior delimitación de las zonas afectadas y cumplimentación de una ficha de campo específica para la descripción y caracterización de la enfermedad. El patógeno fue detectado en la totalidad de las áreas muestreadas, en un total de 81 centros de infección o focos, contabilizándose, adicionalmente, 11 zonas de elevada mortandad de pinsapo (áreas de posible infección), donde no pudo comprobarse la presencia del patógeno, si bien ésta se consideró posible. El Parque Natural Sierra de las Nieves fue el más afectado, con un 88.9% de los focos detectados. En Sierra de Grazalema la incidencia fue considerablemente inferior, si bien las características del pinsapar y las particularidades de la enfermedad en la zona hicieron temer de un riesgo generalizado de infección. Finalmente, Los Reales fue la zona menos afectada, con tan sólo un foco con causa atribuible a H. annosum.We expose the results of an inventory of gaps of trees of Abies pinsapo with root decay caused by Heterobasidion annosum. The sampling was developed in ecosystems with Abies pinsapo Boiss., in the species natural areas of the Iberian Peninsula: Sierra de las Nieves (Málaga, Spain), Sierra de Grazalema (Cádiz, Spain) and Los Reales de Sierra Bermeja (Málaga, Spain). The pathogen research was restricted to the observation of the radical systems in windthrown trees, identification in roots and further delimitation of the affected surface. The pathogen was identified in 81 infection centers, aditionally accounting 11 areas of high mortality oí Abies pinsapo trees {areas of possible infection), where the presence of H. annosum was not certain but considered possible. Sierra de las Nieves Natural Park was the most affected area, reaching the 88.9% of the total amount of infections centers. Sierra de Grazalema showed a lower incidence, although the stand features and disease particularities in this Park make us suspect a general and high risk of infection all over the A. pinsapo forest. Finally, Los Reales was the least affected zone, with only one infection center with root decay caused by H. annosum

Nuevos datos geocronológicos 40Ar-39Ar en dos puntos singulares del macizo de Anaga (Tenerife): Punta Poyata e Igueste de San Andrés. Consecuencias de interés

En este trabajo se aportan nuevos datos geocronológicos Ar40-Ar39 en rocas ancaramíticas submarinas localizadas en dos puntos singulares del macizo de Anaga (NE de Tenerife): las ancaramitas submarinas hidrotermalizadas de Punta Poyata (NNW de Anaga) y las lavas submarinas ancaramíticas del Barranco de Igueste (SE de Anaga). Las muestras estudiadas pertenecen a afloramientos pertenecientes a los niveles estratigráficos más inferiores de la secuencia volcánica que conforma el edificio de Anaga. En Punta Poyata se tomaron dos especímenes que dieron edades de 12,2 ± 1,9 Ma and 13,0 ± 1,0 Ma. En el barranco de Igueste los resultados geocronológicos de las muestras tomadas dieron edades de 12,7 ± 1,6 Ma and 9,7 ± 1,0 Ma. Estos datos sugieren que el macizo de Anaga comenzó su desarrollo subaéreo antes de lo que anteriormente se creía, ajustándose dicho período inicial al Mioceno Medio en lugar de al Mioceno tardío como previamente se asumía.This work provides new Ar40-Ar39 geochronological data in submarine ankaramite rocks located in two distant points of Anaga (NE Tenerife): the submarine hydrothermally altered ankaramites of Punta Poyata area (NNW Anaga) and the ankaramitic pillow lavas at Barranco de Igueste (SE Anaga). The studied samples were collected from outcrops of the lowest stratigraphic levels throughout the volcanics that build up the Anaga massif. At Punta Poyata, two collected samples yielded an age of 12,2 ± 1,9 Ma and 13,0 ± 1,0 Ma. At Barranco de Igueste, sample results are of 12,7 ± 1,6 Ma and 9,7 ± 1,0 Ma. These data support the assumption that the Anaga massif began its subaerial growth earlier than that previously was supposed, most likely in the Mid-Miocene Instead of late Miocene as currently believed.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Spatial Gradients of Intensity and Persistence of Soil Water Repellency Under Different Forest Types in Central Mexico

Organic residues release hydrophobic compounds to the soil that may induce soil water repellency (WR), which may inhibit infiltration andincrease runoff and soil loss rates. Although there are many studies on soil WR through the world, very few investigations have been con-ducted in Mexican areas. This paper studies the natural background of soil WR in soils from central Mexico under representative forest types,analyzing the spatial distribution of soil WR in relation with tree canopy, vegetation cover and main soil chemical (pH, CaCO3, organic Ccontent and exchangeable cations) and physical properties (texture). The water drop penetration time and the ethanol tests were used to assesspersistence and intensity of soil WR, respectively. Although soil WR was not related with soil properties, it decreased strongly from soil be-low the canopy of conifers to soil below oaks. When different types of vegetation cover were considered, the proportion of water-repellentsoil increased following the sequence: bare soil < shrubs and herbaceous plants < shrubs < trees from fir, fir-pine-oak and pine-oak forest.We found an inverse relation with distance to the tree trunks, contributing to create a patchy pattern of soil WR, with soils under the canopyof conifers showing the most severe WR levels. The spatial distribution of soil WR is also conditioned by microclimatic gradients, as per-sistence and intensity of soil WR were usually lower in shaded areas (upslope transects from the tree trunks), where soil moisture contentis expected to be higher on average through the year. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, LtdMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad CGL2013-47862-C2-1-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad CGL 2012-38655-C04-0

Balancing porosity and mechanical properties of titanium samples to favor cellular growth against bacteria

Two main problems limit the success of titanium implants: bacterial infection, which restricts their osseointegration capacity; and the stiffness mismatch between the implant and the host cortical bone, which promotes bone resorption and risk of fracture. Porosity incorporation may reduce this difference in stiffness but compromise biomechanical behavior. In this work, the relationship between the microstructure (content, size, and shape of pores) and the antibacterial and cellular behavior of samples fabricated by the space-holder technique (50 vol % NH4HCO3 and three ranges of particle sizes) is established. Results are discussed in terms of the best biomechanical properties and biofunctional activity balance (cell biocompatibility and antibacterial behavior). All substrates achieved suitable cell biocompatibility of premioblast and osteoblast in adhesion and proliferation processes. It is worth to highlighting that samples fabricated with the 100–200 μm space-holder present better mechanical behavior—in terms of stiffness, microhardness, and yield strength—which make them a very suitable material to replace cortical bone tissues. Those results exposed the relationship between the surface properties and the race of bacteria and mammalian cells for the surface with the aim to promote cellular growth over bacteria.University of Seville (Spain) VI Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia—US 2018, I.3A

Observational study of lipid profile and LDL particle size in patients with metabolic syndrome

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype is characterized by an increase in plasma triglycerides, a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and the prevalence of small, dense-low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) particles. The aim of this study was to establish the importance of LDL particle size measurement by gender in a group of patients with Metabolic Syndrome (MS) attending at a Cardiovascular Risk Unit in Primary Care and their classification into phenotypes.</p> <p>Subjects and methods</p> <p>One hundred eighty-five patients (93 men and 92 women) from several areas in the South of Spain, for a period of one year in a health centre were studied. Laboratory parameters included plasma lipids, lipoproteins, low-density lipoprotein size and several atherogenic rates were determinated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found differences by gender between anthropometric parameters, blood pressure and glucose measures by MS status. Lipid profile was different in our two study groups, and gender differences in these parameters within each group were also remarkable, in HDLc and Apo A-I values. According to LDL particle size, we found males had smaller size than females, and patients with MS had also smaller than those without MS. We observed inverse relationship between LDL particle size and triglycerides in patients with and without MS, and the same relationship between all atherogenic rates in non-MS patients. When we considered our population in two classes of phenotypes, lipid profile was worse in phenotype B.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In conclusion, we consider worthy the measurement of LDL particle size due to its relationship with lipid profile and cardiovascular risk.</p

The variable geometry central receiver system concept. First results and comparison with conventional central receiver systems

In line with the global trend for improving efficiency of existing solar power plants, the CTAER has developed and built a variable geometry central receiver facility, in which the solar field rotates around the tower axis following the sun's position during the day. The goal of this new approach is to increase the optical efficiency of the field by significantly reducing the angle of incidence of the Sun on the heliostats. This paper presents the advantages of this new variable geometry design and describes the main features of the experimental facility based on this approach as built by CTAER in Almeria. It also compares a conventional solar central receiver plant (i.e., with stationary heliostats and receiver) and an equivalent variable geometry power plant. For this study we employed published data from a real solar central receiver plant with known production (Abengoa’s PS10). The results of the study show an increase in annual energy collection and distribution by the variable geometry plant, leading to a potential reduction in the number of heliostats required compared to a conventional central receiver plant for the same annual energy collection

Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling fatty acid composition in olive

22 Páginas; 3 Tablas; 2 FigurasFatty acids are the main components of the olive oil and their composition has a critical influence on the oil quality. However, oil quality evaluation has not been frequently included in the selection of new bred cultivars. This can be due to the difficulties in analyzing oil quality in large set of genotypes and also to the long juvenile period of olive seedlings. Therefore, the identification of molecular markers associated to olive oil quality traits could facilitate their selection in breeding programs of this species. In the present work, the identification of the first QTLs for fatty acids on olive oil is reported. They have been located in a linkage map of a ‘Picual’ × ‘Arbequina’ progeny of the olive breeding program of Córdoba. Correlations among fatty acids are in agreement with previous reports of breeding progenies. QTLs found for oleic and linoleic acids explained 41.1 and 69.7% of the total variability, respectively, and were co-localized in the same linkage groups. In the same region, QTLs for monounsaturated, polyunsaturated and oleic/linoleic ratio were also identified. In other linkage groups, three QTLs for linolenic and one for palmitoleic acid were also located explaining 15.0–28.0% of the total variability. These results could be useful to increase the efficiency of breeding programs aimed at selecting new cultivars with high oleic acid content, and, therefore, with enhanced nutritional properties and oxidative stability of the olive oil.This work was partly supported by OLEAGEN Project funded by the Fundación Genoma España, Junta de Andalucía through Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) and Corporación Tecnológica de Andalucía (CTA).Peer reviewe

Highly stable and efficient light-emitting electrochemical cells based on cationic iridium complexes bearing arylazole ancillary ligands

A series of bis-cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes of general formula [Ir(ppy)2(N∧N)][PF6] (ppy− = 2-phenylpyridinate; N∧N = 2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine (1), 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole (2), 1-methyl-2-pyridin-2-yl- 1H-benzimidazole (3), 2-(4′-thiazolyl)benzimidazole (4), 1- methyl-2-(4′-thiazolyl)benzimidazole (5)) is reported, and their use as electroluminescent materials in light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) devices is investigated. [2][PF6] and [3][PF6] are orange emitters with intense unstructured emission around 590 nm in acetonitrile solution. [1][PF6], [4][PF6], and [5][PF6] are green weak emitters with structured emission bands peaking around 500 nm. The different photophysical properties are due to the effect that the chemical structure of the ancillary ligand has on the nature of the emitting triplet state. Whereas the benzimidazole unit stabilizes the LUMO and gives rise to a 3MLCT/3LLCT emitting triplet in [2][PF6] and [3][PF6], the presence of the thiazolyl ring produces the opposite effect in [4][PF6] and [5][PF6] and the emitting state has a predominant 3LC character. Complexes with 3MLCT/3LLCT emitting triplets give rise to LEC devices with luminance values 1 order higher than those of complexes with 3LC emitting states. Protecting the imidazole N−H bond with a methyl group, as in complexes [3][PF6] and [5][PF6], shows that the emissive properties become more stable. [3][PF6] leads to outstanding LECs with simultaneously high luminance (904 cd m−2), efficiency (9.15 cd A−1), and stability (lifetime over 2500 h).Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) of Spain (projects CTQ2014- 58812-C2-1-R, MAT2014-55200, CTQ2014-55583-R, CTQ2014-61914-EXP, CTQ2015-71955-REDT, CTQ2015- 70371-REDT, CTQ2015-71154-P, and Unidad de Excelencia Marıá de Maeztu MDM-2015-0538), European Feder funds (CTQ2015-71154-P), Obra Social “la Caixa” (OSLC-2012- 007), Junta de Castilla y León (BU033-U16), and Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo2016/135