En torno al significado original del vocablo griego epidēmía y su identificación con el latino pestis

Se estudia el significado original de «epidemia» y su posterior identificación con «peste». Originariamente la palabra griega epidēmia significaba «visita», «llegada», que en el ámbito de la medicina se refería a la visita del médico al paciente o viceversa, mientras que la palabra latina pestis, «peste», hacía referencia a una enfermedad contagiosa inespecífica. Varios textos de autores griegos recogen las distintas acepciones de la palabra epidēmia. Sin embargo, debido a una interpretación nosocéntrica, epidēmia significará esencialmente una enfermedad grave, extendida y transmisible como la peste, por lo que tanto «epidemia» como «peste» han venido a coincidir en su significación

Identification of Caribbean basin hurricanes from Spanish documentary sources

This paper analyses five hurricanes that occurred in the period 1600 to 1800. These examples were identified during a systematic search in the General Archive of the Indies (AGI) in Seville. The research combined the expertise of climatologists and historians in order to optimise the search and analysis strategies. Results demonstrate the potential of this archive for the assessment of hurricanes in this period and show some of the difficulties involved in the collection of evidence of hurricane activity. The documents provide detailed descriptions of a hurricane's impacts and allow us to identify previously unreported hurricanes, obtain more precise dates for hurricanes previously identified, better define the area affected by a given hurricane and, finally, better assess a hurricane's intensity

En torno al significado original del vocablo griego epidēmía y su identificación con el latino pestis

Se estudia el significado original de «epidemia» y su posterior identificación con «peste». Originariamente la palabra griega epidēmía significaba «visita», «llegada», que en el ámbito de la medicina se refería a la visita del médico al paciente o viceversa, mientras que la palabra latina pestis, «peste», hacía referencia a una enfermedad contagiosa inespecífica. Varios textos de autores griegos recogen las distintas acepciones de la palabra epidēmía. Sin embargo, debido a una interpretación nosocéntrica, epidēmía significará esencialmente una enfermedad grave, extendida y transmisible como la peste, por lo que tanto «epidemia» como «peste» han venido a coincidir en su significación

The concepts of plague and epidemic: semantics and lexicography

Se analiza el significado primitivo y original de los términos griegos loimós y epidemía y se indica que tales términos han sido a veces erróneamente interpretados indistintamente como peste (plague) y epidemia. En verdad, el primero designaba «peste», mientras que el segundo, la «visita» del médico al paciente o de éste a aquél. Los textos griegos de poetas, historiadores, filósofos y médicos expresan el sentido original de estos términos. Es destacable que hasta la década de los años setenta, tanto traductores como comentaristas del De morbis popularibus o del Liber epidemiarum, así como historiadores de la medicina, no hayan mencionado el significado original y primitivo del término griego epidêmía, causando una interpretación errónea del verdadero sentido de tales libros. Además, se comentan otros términos griegos y latinos porque están relacionados con los antes citados: flagelum, visitatio, plaga, lues.The primitive and original meaning of the Greek terms loimós and epidemía have been analyzed, pointing out that such words, both plague and epidemics have been sometimes misinterpretated in terms of being considered in the same way. In fact, the first one concerned «plague», whereas the second involved the «visit» of the doctor to the patient or viceversa. Greek texts from poets, historians, philosophers and physicians show the original sense of these concepts. It should be stressed on that up to the seventies, both translators and commentators of De morbis popularibus or Liber epidemiarum, and historians of medicine as well, have not mentioned the original and primitive meaning of the Greek term epidêmía, developing an erroneous interpretation of the true sense of such books. Moreover, other Greek and Latin terms are also commented due to they are in relation with the above mentioned: flagellum, visitatio, plaga, lues

Pumped heat energy storage with liquid media: Thermodynamic assessment by a Brayton-like model

[EN]A thermodynamic model for a steady state pumped heat energy storage in liquid media is presented: it comprises a coupled Brayton-like heat pump and heat engine cycles connected to a cryogenic liquid and a hot molten salt by counter-flow heat exchangers. The model considers non-isothermal heat transfers between the working fluid and the liquid media and explicitly includes a set of parameters accounting for the main internal and external losses, heat leak, and pinch point effects for both the heat pump (charge) and heat engine (discharge) modes. Specific expressions for the main magnitudes in the charge (as the input power and coefficient of performance) and discharge (as power output and efficiency) modes and the global round trip efficiency have been analytically derived in terms of isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and turbine, pressure losses in the heat exchange processes, effectivenesses of the external counter-flow heat exchangers, and coupling between the working fluid and the storage and cryogenic liquid media. Round trip efficiencies around of 35 − 40% have been obtained, internal losses being those with main negative influence on the calculated values. The strong constraints imposed by the pinch point effects and liquid media have been analyzed. The model provides a thermodynamic assessment of the main involved processes and their interplay for a selected arrangement (molten salts, cryogenic fluid, and the charge and discharge power blocks) in order to check parametric strategies for thermodynamic optimization and design. These strategies are based on a reduced set of parameters of the overall installation and without the high computational costs of dynamical models.(ANII); Fondo Sectorial de Energía, Uruguay; contract FSE-1-2018-1-153077

Multicriteria optimization of Brayton-like pumped thermal electricity storage with liquid media

[EN]A multi-objective and multi-parametric optimization of a Pumped Thermal Electricity Storage system based on Brayton cycles is presented by the calculation of different Pareto fronts and the associated Pareto optimal sets for energetic and design analysis, respectively. A large range of internal and external irreversibilities and the thermodynamic properties of the storage media are taken into account. The analysis shows that the heat capacity of the working fluid and the heat capacity of the storage media should be the same in the contact with the hot reservoirs and in the contact with the cold reservoir in the heat pump, but in the contact with the cold reservoir for the heat engine the ratio should be 0.33, this offers information regarding the mass flow increasing significantly the achievable values for the round-trip efficiency, power output and the heat engine efficiency in the discharge process. Optimal values are given in terms of the degree of irreversibilities in the system and a comparison is made with extreme cases of infinite and minimum sizes for the storage system. Round-trip efficiencies in the so-called optimum scale/mass-flow-ratio design point exhibits noticeably larger values compared to previously reported results including the so-called endoreversible limit, where no internal irreversibilities are considered and where the improvement can achieve 49% over the endoreversible case in the most ideal scenario. Explicit numerical values of the maximum round trip efficiency, power output, and efficiency are given for a broad range of both internal and external irreversibilities.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación (ANII): Fondo Sectorial de Energía (Uruguay), under contract FSE-1-2018-1-153077 Universidad de Salamanca, Spain, under contracts 18.KB.YF/463A.C.01 and 0218463AB01

SITIO WEB PARA LA SUPERACIÓN PROFESIONAL: “DESCUBRIENDO LAS REDES DE NUEVA GENERACIÓN”

El creciente desarrollo tecnológico que tiene lugar en el campo de las Telecomunicaciones, en cuanto a la fabricación y explotación de equipos de transporte de datos y de acceso, para soportar una red multiservicios basada en paquetes garantizando calidad del servicio; exige de un constante aumento de las competencias del personal técnico y especialista que laboran tanto en empresas operadoras, como de servicios de Telecomunicaciones. En tal sentido se expone la propuesta de un sitio Web como una alternativa de superación a distancia para especialistas en telemática sobre Redes de Nueva Generación, utilizando la plataforma de aprendizaje Moodle y cumpliendo con los requerimientos de interactividad, colaboración y comunicación característicos de dicho modelo de enseñanza, resultando la propuesta con potencialidades para ser aplicada, así como para crear y gestionar otros cursos de interés técnico profesional

Differences between adjusted vs. non- adjusted loads in velocity-based training: consequences for strength training control and programming

Strength and conditioning specialists commonly deal with the quantification and selection the setting of protocols regarding resistance training intensities. Although the one repetition maximum (1RM) method has been widely used to prescribe exercise intensity, the velocity-based training (VBT) method may enable a more optimal tool for better monitoring and planning of resistance training (RT) programs. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two RT programs only differing in the training load prescription strategy (adjusting or not daily via VBT) with loads from 50 to 80% 1RM on 1RM, countermovement (CMJ) and sprint. Twenty-four male students with previous experience in RT were randomly assigned to two groups: adjusted loads (AL) (nD13) and non-adjusted loads (NAL) (nD11) and carried out an 8-week (16 sessions) RT program. The performance assessment pre- and post-training program included estimated 1RM and full load-velocity profile in the squat exercise; countermovement jump (CMJ); and 20-m sprint (T20). Relative intensity (RI) and mean propulsive velocity attained during each training session (Vsession) was monitored. Subjects in the NAL group trained at a significantly faster Vsession than those in AL (p < 0.001) (0.88 - 0.91 vs. 0.67- 0.68 m/s, with a 15% RM gap between groups for the last sessions), and did not achieve the maximum programmed intensity (80% RM). Significant differences were detected in sessions 3- 4, showing differences between programmed and performed Vsession and lower RI and velocity loss (VL) for the NAL compared to the AL group (p < 0.05). Although both groups improved 1RM, CMJ and T20, NAL experienced greater and significant changes than AL (28.90 vs.12.70%, 16.10 vs. 7.90% and -1.99 vs. - 0.95%, respectively). Load adjustment based on movement velocity is a useful way to control for highly individualised responses to training and improve the implementation of RT programs

PAgIoT - Privacy-preserving aggregation protocol for internet of things

Modern society highly relies on the use of cyberspace to perform a huge variety of activities, such as social networking or e-commerce, and new technologies are continuously emerging. As such, computer systems may store a huge amount of information, which makes data analysis and storage a challenge. Information aggregation and correlation are two basic mechanisms to reduce the problem size, for example by filtering out redundant data or grouping similar one. These processes require high processing capabilities, and thus their application in Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios is not straightforward due to resource constraints. Furthermore, privacy issues may arise when the data at stake is personal. In this paper we propose PAgIoT, a Privacy-preserving Aggregation protocol suitable for IoT settings. It enables multi-attribute aggregation for groups of entities while allowing for privacy-preserving value correlation. Results show that PAgIoT is resistant to security attacks, it outperforms existing proposals that provide with the same security features, and it is feasible in resource-constrained devices and for aggregation of up to 10 attributes in big networks.This work was partially supported by the MINECO grant TIN2013-46469-R (SPINY: Security and Privacy in the Internet of You) and the CAM grant S2013/ICE-3095 CIBERDINE-CM (CIBERDINE: Cybersecurity, Data, and Risks) funded by the Autonomous Community of Madrid and co-funded by European funds