The formation of primary education principals in educational reforms in Mexico

En México, como en otros países de América Latina, los directores de educación primaria no reciben una formación inicial para las funciones que llegan a desempeñar. Sin embargo, en el marco de las reformas educativas asisten a cursos ofertados por la autoridad educativa federal. Por eso con el objetivo de recuperar las acciones y resultados de formación implementadas en las reformas educativas en México de 1992 a 2016, esta investigación presenta un análisis sobre esos programas de formación. A partir de una revisión documental se construyeron cuatro categorías de análisis: programas implementados en cada sexenio; las instancias o responsables de brindar esa formación; los procesos o estrategias implementados; y los resultados obtenidos en cada programa. Los principales hallazgos son: en el transcurso de cinco sexenios sólo han existido 3 programas de formación; pero las estrategias y actores utilizados no fueron las correctas; finalmente, las valoraciones que son más cuantitativas que cualitativas indican que sí impactaron en la formaciónIn Mexico, as in other Latin America countries, primary schools principals do not receive initial formation for their functions as principals. However, as part of the actions of educational reforms, they attend courses provided by the federal educational authority. So, with the objective of recovering the formation actions and results implemented in educational reforms in Mexico since 1992 to 2106, this research presents an analysis about that principals formation programs. Through a documental review, four categories of analysis were elaborated: programs implemented in each six–year period; responsible for providing such formation; processes or strategies implemented in each program; and results in each program. The main findings are: over the course of five six–year period there have been 3 formation programs; but strategies and trainers were no the right ones; finally, evaluations that are more quantitative than qualitative indicate that they did impact the formatio

Métodos y técnicas de monitoreo y predicción temprana en los escenarios de riesgos socionaturales

Esta obra concentra los métodos y las técnicas fundamentales para el seguimiento y monitoreo de las dinámicas de los escenarios de riesgos socionaturales (geológicos e hidrometeorológicos) y tiene como objetivo general orientar, apoyar y acompañar a los directivos y operativos de protección civil en aterrizar las acciones y políticas públicas enfocadas a la gestión del riesgo local de desastre

A taxonomic review of the endemic Mexican genus Ceratotrupes Jekel, 1865 (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Ceratotrupini), with the description of an unexpected new species from the Sierra Madre del Sur

In this study, we revise the taxonomy of the endemic Mexican genus Ceratotrupes Jekel, 1865. It comprises three species, distributed in the Sierra Madre Occidental and Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (Ceratotrupes fronticornis (Erichson, 1847) and Ceratotrupes bolivari Halffter & Martínez, 1962), and the Sierra Madre del Sur (Ceratotrupes sturmi (Jekel, 1865)). We confirm C. mniszechi (Jekel, 1865) as a junior subjective synonym of C. sturmi. The examination of the holotype of C. sturmi and specimens recently collected in the Sierra Sur de Oaxaca (Oaxaca) and Omiltemi (Guerrero) allowed us to identify and describe a new species, Ceratotrupes gonzaloi sp. nov. from Omiltemi, Guerrero. We redescribe the morphology of C. sturmi and provide a diagnostic key to the four members of the genus Ceratotrupes. Photographs of the habitus and male genitalia of the four species, a distribution map, and observations on their ecology and biogeography are provided

Notas literarias sobre el Barroco en Iberoamérica

Notas literarias sobre el barroco en Iberoamérica “plantea un problema del lenguaje literario latinoamericano como un campo de estudio rico en matices y con posibles diálogos transdisciplinares con la historia”. Dra. Alejandra Isaza Velásquez Universidad Pontificia BolivarianaUn acierto que da originalidad a esta obra es “la selección efectuada de temas alrededor del barroco, o mejor, el corte del corpus literario de análisis con los clásicos: Borges, del Paso, Lispector, Donoso, extendido a poetas mujeres contemporáneas, hasta escritores y escritoras novísimos, llegando a resultados excelentes, innovadores y persuasivos”. Dra. Ellen Spielmann Instituto Hannah Arendt Universidade Tecnica de DresdenUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de México

A Toll/IL-1R/resistance domain-containing thioredoxin regulates phagocytosis in <it>Entamoeba histolytica</it>

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Entamoeba histolytica</it> is a protozoan parasite that infects humans and causes amebiasis affecting developing countries. Phagocytosis of epithelial cells, erythrocytes, leucocytes, and commensal microbiota bacteria is a major pathogenic mechanism used by this parasite. A Toll/IL-1R/Resistance (TIR) domain-containing protein is required in phagocytosis in the social ameba <it>Dictyostelium discoideum</it>, an ameba closely related to <it>Entamoeba histolytica</it> in phylogeny. In insects and vertebrates, TIR domain-containing proteins regulate phagocytic and cell activation. Therefore, we investigated whether <it>E. histolytica</it> expresses TIR domain-containing molecules that may be involved in the phagocytosis of erythrocytes and bacteria.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using <it>in silico</it> analysis we explored in <it>Entamoeba histolytica</it> databases for TIR domain containing sequences. After silencing TIR domain containing sequences in trophozoites by siRNA we evaluated phagocytosis of erythrocytes and bacteria.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identified an <it>E. histolytica</it> thioredoxin containing a TIR-like domain. The secondary and tertiary structure of this sequence exhibited structural similarity to TIR domain family. Thioredoxin transcripts silenced in <it>E. histolytica</it> trophozoites decreased erythrocytes and <it>E. coli</it> phagocytosis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>TIR domain-containing thioredoxin of <it>E. histolytica</it> could be an important element in erythrocytes and bacteria phagocytosis.</p

Experiencias ganaderas, agrícolas y forestales en la conservación de los recursos naturales

La producción agrícola y ganadera es un desafío en la actualidad por diversas razones, entre las que se encuentran el cambio climático, la degradación de los suelos y la contaminación. En algunas zonas, estas actividades se llevan a cabo en áreas destinadas a la conservación de la naturaleza, por lo que tienen el reto de garantizar la producción de alimentos para una población creciente, y a su vez de conservar la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos en México.GIZ, SEMARNAT, CONANP, GFA, ICA

Intake of dehydrated nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) improves bone mineral density and calciuria in adult Mexican women

Background: The intake of dehydrated nopal (DN) at a high stage of maturity along with high calcium content could improve bone mineral density (BMD) and calciuria and thus prevent osteoporosis. Objective: To evaluate the effect of calcium intake from a vegetable source (DN) on BMD and calciuria covering a 2-year period in menopausal and non-menopausal women with low bone mass (LBM). Methods: The study was quasi-experimental, blinded, and randomized, and included 131 Mexican women aged 35&#x2013;55. Urinary calcium/creatinine index (CCI) was determined; BMD was analyzed on lumbar spine and total hip regions. Four groups were studied: Control group (CG), women with normocalciuria and a minimum dose of DN; experimental group 1 (EG1), women with hypercalciuria and a minimum dose of DN; experimental group 2 (EG2), women with hypercalciuria, and a maximum dose of DN; and normal group (NG) for reference in BMD. Results: After the first semester of treatment, calciuria levels in women from both experimental groups returned to normal, remaining constant for the rest of the treatment. The percentage difference in BMD increased in the total hip region in the CG (pre 4.5% and post 2.1%) and EG2 (pre 1.8% and post 2.5%) groups significantly in comparison to NG and EG1, which exhibited a significant decrease in their BMD. BMD increased only for the lumbar region in the EG2 group (premenopausal). Conclusion: The use of a vegetable calcium source such as nopal improves BMD in women with LBM in the total hip and lumbar spine regions principally in the premenopausal women, maintaining constant and normal calciuria levels