How to distinguish between a block cipher and a random permutation by lowering the input entropy

IEEE 35th International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology. Londres, 16-19 October 2001A novel cryptanalysis technique is presented, and its suitability for distinguishing a block cipher algorithm or a hash function from a random permutation is explained. Additionally, we propose a genetic algorithm based implementation and show some preliminary results of these ideas on reduced rounds versions of the block cipher TEA

Salt weathering of natural stone: a review of comparative laboratory studies

Natural stone is an important component of historical heritage (buildings and art objects such as sculptures or rock engravings), and it is still widely used in contemporary works. Soluble salts are the main erosive agent in the built environment, and we review here comparative studies that subject the same rock type to testing with different salt solutions. The results mostly support the accepted notion of the major impact of sodium sulphate, although there are some exceptions. The effects of sodium chloride and calcium sulphate deserve specific discussion given field information on the relevance of these specific salts in the built environment. We relate the information collected to the issues of risk assessment (considering both geochemical conditions and salt effects) and conservation interventions (highlighting the interest of tests that do not produce damage to susceptible materials) and present some methodological suggestions to avoid a case study culture.The Lab2PT-Landscapes, Heritage and Territory laboratory—UIDB/04509/2020 is supported by the Portuguese FCT—“Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia”. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support of the CERENA (funded by a strategic project of the FCTUIDB/04028/2020) and the LAMPIST of the DECivil, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Portugal. The University Institute of Geology of the University of A Coruña (Spain) receives support from the Xunta de Galicia from the program “Consolidación y estructuración de unidades de investigación competitivas: Grupos de potencial de crecimiento” (ED431B 2018/47) and Redes de investigación (R2017/008)

Evangelicalism as a protestant movement in Latin America causes and consequences

Over the last 100 years, the Evangelical movement has shown an unprecedented capacity for globalization. The authors analyse the causes and consequences of the development of Evangelicalism in Latin America. Based on academic literature analysis, the notion and essence of Evangelicalism as a Protestant movement are revealed. The authors provide classification models of Latin American Evangelical Churches and analyse the number of Evangelical Christians in Latin America. The authors study researchers‟ opinions on the causes and consequences of Evangelical growth in Latin America within the study. It is concluded that the socio-cultural influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America has increased. © 2021, Ecozone, OAIMDD. All rights reserved

Printers are dangerous

Proceeding of: IEEE 35th International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, London , UK, 16 - 19 october 2001In the last years, many new intelligent full-featured peripherals that assist information systems have appeared. Those peripherals, such as printers, copiers, PDA organizers, Web cameras, etc. usually have a very friendly way of configuration and management (via http, ftp or telnet servers) and offer more networked services everyday. Their computation, memory and networking capabilities have also increased in the last years. Nowadays, many of them are comparable to workstations and run complete operating systems such as Linux or Solaris. All those factors imply that these devices could represent a real threat to the security of information systems. This problem is even worse because most of those peripherals have been considered inoffensive and not many administrators are aware of their security risks. The most representative example is printers, which have been traditionally considered totally harmless devices. At the present time, that idea is difficult to defend because many security incidents related with networked printers have arisen in the last years. System and security administrators have traditionally focused their efforts in fortifying servers and hosts only, but it seems that this view is not enough for assuring security nowadays.Publicad

Black anglerfish (Lophius budegassa): weight-length relationships, weight conversion factors and condition factor trends from a decade of two stocks, in ICES Div. VIIIc-IXa (northern Iberian Atlantic waters) and in Div. VIIb,c,h,j,k (Celtic Sea, south-western Ireland and Porcupine Bank)

Weight-length relationships, weight conversion factors and condition factor are presented from a decade (2006 to 2015) for both stocks of black anglerfish (Lophius budegassa) in northern Iberian Atlantic waters (ICES Div. VIIIc-IXa) and in Celtic Sea, south-western Ireland and Porcupine Bank (ICES Div. VIIb,c,h,j,k). A total of 2035 and 1263 specimens were sampled respectively in each stock from commercial landings and research surveys. Total length [Lt (cm)], total weight [Wt (g)], “commercial” weight (gutted with liver) [Wgl (g)] and “scientific” weight (gutted without liver) [Wg (g)] were obtained. The weight-length relationships for the combined sexes were: Lt = 0.020 Wt2.916; Lt = 0.017 Wgl2.929; Lt = 0.017 Wg2.922 in Div. VIIIc-IXa, and Lt = 0.025 Wt2.841; Lt = 0.013 Wgl2.984; Lt = 0.013 Wg2.971 in Div. VIIb,c,h,j,k. The conversion factors (total weight - gutted weight), useful in fisheries management due to the commercial landings of this species are available in gutted weight, were: Wt = 1.186 Wgl; Wt = 1.236 Wg in Div. VIIIc-IXa, and Wt = 1.187 Wgl; Wt = 1.233 Wg in Div. VIIb,c,h,j,k. These updated values can be used in the process of the annual assessment of the state of both stocks in the ICES working group. The evolution of the condition factor over the year, indicator of nutritional status evolution, is also estimated for immature and mature individuals of each sex, showing some seasonal variation. The results are similar to the previously estimated in other studies

Development and validation of an in-house library for filamentous fungi identification by MALDI-TOF MS in a clinical laboratory in Medellin (Colombia)

Identification of filamentous fungi by conventional phenotypic methods are time-consuming, and a correct identification at the species level is prone to errors. Therefore, a more accurate and faster time-to-results, and cost-effective technique, is required, such as the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). In this study, we describe the development of an in-house spectra library for the identification of filamentous fungi frequently isolated from patients with infections. An in-house spectra library was constructed using 14 reference strains grown in solid medium. Clinical isolates were identified either by the in-house spectra library or the Biotyper commercial library from Bruker Daltonics. Fungal identification was carried following the Biotyper’s established scores: ≤1.699: not reliably identified (NRI); 1.700–1.999: genus-level; ≥2.000: species-level. Clinical isolates were identified, with the in-house library, at species- and genus-level at 88.70% (55) and 3.22% (2), respectively. While 4.80% (3) was NRI and 3.22% (2) was discrepant concerning sequencing. On the contrary, identification up to species and genus-level with the commercial library was 44.44% (16) and 22.22% (8), respectively. NRI and the discrepancy was 30.55% (11) and 2.77% (1), respectively. For the reaming 26 isolates, 16 from Neoscytalidium dimidiatum and 10 from Sporothrix spp., respectively, the absence of spectrum and the specific spectra within the Sporothrix complex in the commercial library resulted in the inability to obtain an identification. In conclusion, the current results advocate the importance that each clinical microbiological laboratory needs to develop an ad hoc library associated with the MALDI-TOF MS fungal identification to overcome the limitations of the available commercial libraries.Comité para el Desarrollo de la Investigación, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. Grant No 2604 and by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020-Programa Operacional Regional do Norteinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio