Biocatalytic oxidative kinetic resolution of (±)-4-(chlorophenyl)phenylmethanol by Nocardia corallina B-276

Chiral diarylmethanols are versatile building blocks for the preparation of biologically active substances, but they are difficult to obtain in enantiopure form. We used Nocardia corallina B-276 for the oxidative kinetic resolution of (±)-4-(chlorophenyl)phenylmethanol, 1. Two experimental methods were used: 1) Suspension of cells in a phosphate buffer solution and 2) Cells in the culture media, in a 3-L bioreactor. After 36 hrs using the first method, the ketone/alcohol ratio was 56/44 and the unoxidized alcohol had an enantiomeric ratio of 93/7, predominating the R-alcohol

El sistema de traducción automática castellano-catalán interNOSTRUM

Este artículo describe interNOSTRUM, un sistema de traducción automática (TA) castellano-catalán actualmente en desarrollo que alcanza una gran velocidad mediante el uso de tecnología de estados finitos (lo que permite su integracion en navegadores de internet) y obtiene una precisión razonable utilizando una estrategia de transferencia morfológica avanzada (lo que permite producir rápidamente borradores de traducciones listos para una postedición ligera).Este trabajo ha sido financiado por la Caja de Ahorros del Mediterráneo y por el Vicerrectorado de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Universitat d'Alacant, y más recientemente por la Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología a través del proyecto TIC2000-1599-C02-02

Effect of space allowance during transport and fasting or non-fasting during lairage on carcass contamination and meat traits in Merino lamb

A total of 72 Merino breed male lambs were used in this work, to study the effect of the space allowance during transport [(SA): low (SAL: 0.16 m2/animal; n=24); medium (SAM: 20 m2/animal; n=24); high (SAH: 0.30 m2/animal; n=24)], and the management during 18 h lairage [(TL): fasting (TL-FAST; n=36) vs feeding (TL-FEED; n=36)] on carcass microbial contamination (total viable count, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas) and meat quality. Carcasses contamination determination was carried out by swabbing (neck, flank and rump). Meat quality was assessed by pH, colour coordinates, drip loss (DL), shear force (SF) ad lipid oxidation. SA did not have effect on carcass microbiological quality. TL caused a significant effect on total viable count and Pseudomonas spp values. Flank was the most contaminated site. SAL-FEED group showed the highest values of drip loss and lipid oxidation. At 24 h post-mortem, pH values were the highest in fasted lambs. At 7 d post-mortem the lowest pH was found in SAM-FAST group while the highest in SAM-FEED. TL had no effect on SF, DL neither on lipid oxidation values. These results could help to meat industry to decide the best management as in the transportation as during lairage before lambs slaughter

Biotransformation of (S)-cis-verbenol with Nocardia corallina B-276

The biotransformation of (S)-cis-verbenol with Nocardia corallina was investigated using two methods: Suspension of cells in a phosphate buffer (pH 7) with various substrate:cells ratios; and bioreactor of 3-L with cells in the culture media. Both gave (1S)-(-)-verbenone with excellent yields ranging from >99 to 98%, at scale of 0.7 and 7 mmol respectively

Assessment and determination of LC50 of carvacrol and salicylic acid analogues with acaricide activity in larvae and adult ticks of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is a tick that causes huge economic losses in cattle. The indiscriminate use of acaricides has generated resistance to most compounds present on the market. Carvacrol and salicylic acid have been widely studied for their biological activities and have been evaluated in different strains of Rhipicephalus. In this research the analogues carvacrol and salicylic acid were evaluated in larvae of R. (B.) microplus with data obtained in larval packet test (LPT) and larval immersion test (LIT). A lethal concentration 50 (LC50) was assessed. The most potent compounds were evaluated in the adult ticks since there are no reports of evaluation in the life state of the parasite. From all the tested compounds, the ethyl 2-methoxybenzoate (91.82 ± 1.66%, 0.91 μmol/mL) and ethyl 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate (89.14 ± 1.61%, 2.04 μmol/mL) showed the highest percentage of mortality and the lowest LC50. They were found to be the best candidates for a study in vivo

Ontogenic development of the human subcommissural organ

The structure of the human sub commissural organ during its ontogenic development in 24human embryos and foetuses ranging from 6 to40 weeks of gestation (WG), and three adult human brains from 27-, 65- and 70-year old subjects was investigated using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Concurrently, the appearance of the sub commissural organ, pineal gland and mesocoelic recess was determined by studying their structure, length and volume. The human SCO appears at the beginning of 8th WG, which confirms previous results; the complete maturation of the SCO occurs at the 15th WG and the following three parts can be distinguished: the precommissural part, located in the rostral zone of the posterior commissure (PC) and extending to the pineal recess; the subcommissural part, located under the PC, and the retro commissural part, located in the caudal zone of the PC, in the mesocoelic recess and at the beginning of the Sylvian aqueduct. The reduction in size of the SCO begins after the 17th WGand this decrease in size begins in the precommissural, continues in the subcommissural, and finishes in the retro commissural part. The regression and atrophies of the SCO begin after birth, and the SCO disappears completely after the age of 30. The mesocoelic recess starts to form at the beginning of the 10th WG, and is completely formed by the 14th WG and this is where the retrocommissural part of the SCO is located. In the40th WG the regression of the mesocoelic recess begins and this takes place at the same time as the regression of the SCO. A parallel development between the SCO and the pineal was found. Thus, we observed the first appearance of the pineal recess in the 7-8th WG; during the 10thWG a compact mass of cells appeared in the rostral part of pineal recess and by the 15th WG the pineal gland (PG) had acquired an almost definitive aspec

Connection between the arcuate nucleus and the posterior lobe of the hypophysis: An angiotensin II immunohistochemival study in rats

The aim of this study was to perform an immunohistochemical study of the angiotensinergic pathway from the arcuate nucleus (AN) to the posterior lobe of the hypophysis (PLH) of 10- week-old matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY), using our own policlonal antibody raised in mice against Angiotensin II (mouseantiangiotensin II, MAAII). Cells and fibers in the rostroventral and dorsocaudal parts of the AN, the internal zone of the median eminence and PLH showed immunoreactive material for antiangiotensin II. Angiontensin II fibers originating in the anteroventral part of the AN, crossing median eminence (ME) and infundibular stem and arriving at the PLH were also observed