Aplikasi Metode Sweetness dan Spectral Decomposition untuk Identifikasi Awal Potensi Hidrokarbon di Perairan Utara Bali

Semakin menipisnya cadangan minyak dan gas bumi di Indonesia mendorong kita untuk terus melakukan kegiatan eksplorasi minyak dan gas bumi. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengidentifikasi hidrokarbon di Perairan Utara Bali sehingga bisa menambah data sumberdaya minyak dan gas bumi yang dimiliki Indonesia. Hubungan antara frekuensi dengan batuan yang tersaturasi fluida dapat mengindikasikan keberadaan hidrokarbon. Metode sweetness dan spectral decomposition merupakan metode yang memanfaatkan analisis pada domain frekuensi dan tidak bergantung kepada panjang offset lintasan sesimik yang merupakan permasalahan utama saat melakukan akuisisi data seismik di laut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan metode atribut sweetness dapat mengidentifikasi keberadaan hidrokarbon memiliki nilai sebesar 1600 – 2200 dimana nilai ini sangat bergantung dengan nilai amplitudo dan frekuensi pada daerah penelitian. Sementara itu keberadaan potensi hidrokarbon pada metode spectral decomposition ditunjukkan oleh nilai frekuensi 30 Hz. Baik metode atribut sweetness ataupun spectral decomposition dapat mengidentifikasi keberadaan hidrokarbon di Perairan Utara Bali.Kata kunci: Seismik, Sweetness, Spectral Decomposition, Hidrokarbon The decreasing of oil and gas reserves in Indonesia impelling us to expand our oil and gas exploration activities. This study was conducted to identify hydrocarbon in the North Waters of Bali so Indonesian oil and gas resources will be augmented. The relationship between frequency and fluid saturated rocks can indicate the presence of hydrocarbon . Sweetness and spectral decomposition is a frequency domain based method and does not depend on the length of offset of the seismic trajectory which is a major problem when acquiring seismic data at sea. The results of this study show that the attribute method of sweetness can identify the presence of hydrocarbons at ranged values between 1600 – 2200, these values depend on the value of amplitude and frequency of the research area. On the other hand, potential of the presence of hydrocarbon identified by the spectral decomposition method is indicated by certain frequency (30 Hz). So from our results both attribute, sweetness and spectral decomposition can identify the presence of hydrocarbons in the North Bali\u27s Sea

Stratigrafi Perairan Utara Bali dari Hasil Interpretasi Seismik 2d

Secara geografis daerah penelitian terletak pada koordinat 1140 32' – 1160 01' Bujur Timur dan 070 15' - 080 02' Lintang Selatan. Kondisi geologi dasar laut belum banyak dibahas oleh para peneliti di Perairan Bali Utara, karena kurangnya data seismik dan data sumur bor. Cekungan Jawa Timur di sebelah selatan dibatasi oleh busur vulkanik, sebelah timur dibatasi oleh Cekungan Lombok. Stratigrafi daerah penelitian dari tua ke muda terdiri dari formasi Prupuh, formasi Rancak, formasi Cepu, formasi mundu dan formasi Lidah. Metoda penelitian terdiri dari pengukuran navigasi, pengukuran kedalaman dasar laut, pengukuran seismik 2D serta kesebandingan data seismic dan bor. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui pelamparan Cekungan Jawa Timur utara di Perairan Utara Bali. Dari hasil interpretasi dan korelasi antara data seismik dengan sumur bor, menunjukkan bahwa rekaman seismik 2D daerah telitian dapat dibagi menjadi enam (6) runtunan dengan urutan dari atas ke bawah adalah runtunan A, B, C, D, E, dan F.Kata kunci:Data seismik 2D, interpretasi, Cekungan Jawa Timur, Perairan Utara Bali, Data bor Geographically the research area lies within coordinates of 1140 32' – 1160 01' East and 070 15' - 080 02' South. The geological condition of the seabed has not been much discussed by researchers in the North Bali Waters, due to the lack of seismic and well data.The East Java Basin to the south is bounded by a volcanic arc, whereas the Lombok Basin on its eastward. Stratigraphy of research area consists of old to young Formation, i.e., Prupuh, Rancak, Cepu, Mundu and Lidah formation. Method consists of positioning, bathymetric, 2D seismic measurement, and compiled by seismic and well data.The purpose of this research is focused to distribution of the northern East Java Basin in North Waters of Bali. From the interpretation and correlation between the seismic and well data, they can divided by six (6) units from top to bottom are: A, B, C, D, E, and F

Hydrolysis optimization and characterization study of preparing fatty acids from Jatropha curcas seed oil

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Fatty acids (FAs) are important as raw materials for the biotechnology industry. Existing methods of FAs production are based on chemical methods. In this study potassium hydroxide (KOH)-catalyzed reactions were utilized to hydrolysis <it>Jatropha curcas </it>seed oil.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The parameters effect of ethanolic KOH concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time to free fatty acid (FFA%) were investigated using D-Optimal Design. Characterization of the product has been studied using Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimum conditions for maximum FFA% were achieved at 1.75M of ethanolic KOH concentration, 65°C of reaction temperature and 2.0 h of reaction time.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study showed that ethanolic KOH concentration was significant variable for <it>J. curcas </it>seed oil hydrolysis. In a 18-point experimental design, FFA% of hydrolyzed <it>J. curcas </it>seed oil can be raised from 1.89% to 102.2%, which proved by FTIR and HPLC.</p

Scholarly publishing depends on peer reviewers

The peer-review crisis is posing a risk to the scholarly peer-reviewed journal system. Journals have to ask many potential peer reviewers to obtain a minimum acceptable number of peers accepting reviewing a manuscript. Several solutions have been suggested to overcome this shortage. From reimbursing for the job, to eliminating pre- publication reviews, one cannot predict which is more dangerous for the future of scholarly publishing. And, why not acknowledging their contribution to the final version of the article published? PubMed created two categories of contributors: authors [AU] and collaborators [IR]. Why not a third category for the peer-reviewer

Scholarly publishing depends on peer reviewers

The peer-review crisis is posing a risk to the scholarly peer-reviewed journal system. Journals have to ask many potential peer reviewers to obtain a minimum acceptable number of peers accepting reviewing a manuscript. Several solutions have been suggested to overcome this shortage. From reimbursing for the job, to eliminating pre-publication reviews, one cannot predict which is more dangerous for the future of scholarly publishing. And, why not acknowledging their contribution to the final version of the article published? PubMed created two categories of contributors: authors [AU] and collaborators [IR]. Why not a third category for the peer-reviewer?Scopu