Nord-Süd-Differenzen in der globalisierungskritischen Bewegung?: Ergebnisse einer Umfrage auf den Weltsozialforen 2005 und 2007

Zusammenfassung: Dem globalisierungskritischen global justice movement werden häufig deutliche Nord-Süd-Differenzen unterstellt. Die Ergebnisse einer Umfrage unter den Teilnehmenden der beiden Weltsozialforen 2005 in Porto Alegre und 2007 in Nairobi ergeben jedoch ein anderes Bild. Die Resultate logistischer Regressionen zeigen, dass die politischen Einstellungen von Befragten aus dem globalen Norden und solchen aus dem globalen Süden kaum systematisch voneinander abweichen. Befragte aus dem Süden sind zwar tendenziell eher antikapitalistisch eingestellt als Befragte aus dem Norden, doch bezüglich der Frage, ob der Kapitalismus reformiert oder abgeschafft werden soll08/10/2009 sind die Differenzen weder signifikant noch robust. Auffällig sind hingegen die klaren Abweichungen zwischen Befragten aus der weltsystemischen Semiperipherie und der Peripherie sowie zwischen den vorwiegend lateinamerikanischen Befragten in Porto Alegre 2005 und den vorwiegend aus Afrika stammenden Befragten in Nairobi 2007. Letztlich fallen die Süd-Süd-Unterschiede zwischen den Befragten aus den verschiedenen Schichtungszonen (Peripherie vs. Semiperipherie) und Kontinenten (Lateinamerika vs. Afrika) also größer aus als die in der Literatur immer wieder vermuteten Nord-Süd-Unterschied

On integer stochastic approximation

summary:Let $M : \bold R \rightarrow \bold R$ be observable, with experimental errors, at integer points only; unknown elsewhere. Iterative nonparametric procedures for finding the zero point of $M$ are called procedures of integer stochastic approximation. Three types of such procedures (Derman's, Mukerjee's and the authors') are described and compared. A two-dimensional analogue of the third approach is proposed and investigated; its generalization to higher dimensions is conjectured

How does white rhino respond to fires during dry season?

The white rhino is a megaherbivore grazer that favours the short and nutrient-rich grass on grazing lawns. Since regrowth on lawns requires a certain amount of rainfall, the usage of this food resource is limited to the wet season. During the dry season, white rhinos are able to feed on senescent tall grass. In the case of fire occurrences, the post-fire regrowth being high in nutrients represents an additional potential food resource. Many African grazers like wildebeests and zebras are known to be attracted by burnt areas. However, the response of white rhinos to burns during the dry season has not been tested intensively yet. Here, I show that white rhinos response positively towards burnt areas a few weeks after a fire. By analysing data from seven years, I found that rhino abundance in the same area increased significantly after a fire and neither grazing lawn cover nor precipitation were able to explain differences in rhino abundance. This preference of white rhinos for burnt grassland contradicts the general described pattern, that large herbivores are not attracted by burnt grassland but rather use low quality food resources. While fire had an impact on the short-term distribution, I did not find any evidence that fire frequency influences long-term habitat selection of white rhinos. My results demonstrate, that the white rhino is an exception in terms of resource partitioning based on differences in body size. This study can be the basis for further studies that investigate patterns of white rhino’s response to fire in more detail. For example, the spatial distance up to which rhinos are attracted by burns could be tested. A better knowledge about rhino movement as driven by burns and spatiotemporally-specific rhino hotspots would contribute to a more effective protection of white rhinos against poaching