Efficacy Meets Inquiry: Impact of Lesson Study and Reflective Inquiry on the Development of Novice Teacher Self-Efficacy

Novice teachers often struggle to meet the demands of an expansive workload in their first years in the classroom. As reality sets in, district, school, parent, and communal needs often diminish the excitement of their first classroom, thus leading to low rates of teacher efficacy and early-career burnout. This is an educational dilemma because teacher vacancies are rising in schools such as Mockingbird High, a southeastern school with high poverty rates and varying racial demographics. This study aimed to determine if Lewis and Hurd’s (2011) lesson study model, an instructional intervention, influences novice teacher efficacy during the transitional period from initial certification to early years in the classroom. Using a concurrent triangulation mixed method design, I collected and synthesized data from participants’ responses and Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scaled Survey ratings. By contextualizing the analyzed data, qualitative and quantitative data integration revealed perceptual changes in efficacy and a moderate significance on participants’ overall teacher efficacy. The study revealed a need for targeted support of novice teachers during their early years in the field. The findings indicate a need for collaborative professional learning focused on content-specific instruction. Content-specific professional development, reflective processing, and intentional time to improve professionalism with peers were noted as primary indicators of efficacy growth from lesson study intervention. My research contributes to the transitional period of novice teachers and the malleability of their teacher efficacy during their early years in the classroom

The Weak-Coupling Limit of 3D Simplicial Quantum Gravity

We investigate the weak-coupling limit, kappa going to infinity, of 3D simplicial gravity using Monte Carlo simulations and a Strong Coupling Expansion. With a suitable modification of the measure we observe a transition from a branched polymer to a crinkled phase. However, the intrinsic geometry of the latter appears similar to that of non-generic branched polymer, probable excluding the existence of a sensible continuum limit in this phase.Comment: 3 pages 4 figs. LATTICE99(Gravity

The c- Jun N-terminal kinase JNK participates in cytokine- and isolation stress-induced rat pancreatic islet apoptosis

Aims/hypothesis: The protocols used for the preparation of human pancreatic islets immediately induce a sustained and massive activation of the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). JNK, which participates in apoptosis of insulin-secreting cells, is activated by mechanical stresses, as well as by exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we investigated whether the delivery of a protease-resistant JNK inhibitory peptide (D-JNKI) through a protein transduction system during pancreatic digestion might impair JNK signalling throughout the transplantation procedure. Methods: Rat pancreases were treated with D-JNKI through the pancreatic duct and cells then isolated by enzymatic digestion. Protein extracts were prepared to determine JNK activity by kinase assays and total RNA was extracted to measure gene expressions by a Light-Cycler technique. Cell apoptosis rate was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay and by scoring cells displaying pycnotic nuclei. Results: Our data establish that the peptide transduction system used here efficiently transfects islets, allowing for stable in vivo (up to 2days) transfection of human islets transplanted under the kidney capsule. Further, D-JNKI decreases intracellular JNK signalling during isolation and following cytokine exposure in both human and rat islets, as measured by kinase assays and reduced c-fos expression; D-JNKI also confers protection against apoptosis induced during the rat islet preparation and subsequent to IL-1β exposure. Conclusions/interpretation: JNK signalling participates in islet isolation- and IL-1β-induced apoptosis in rat islets. Furthermore, the system we used might be more generally applicable for the persistent blockage (several days) of pro-apoptotic pathways in the transplanted islets; this days-long protection might potentially be an absolute prerequisite to help transplanted islets better survive the first wave of the non-specific inflammatory attac

Block-Transitive Designs in Affine Spaces

This paper deals with block-transitive $t$-$(v,k,\lambda)$ designs in affine spaces for large $t$, with a focus on the important index $\lambda=1$ case. We prove that there are no non-trivial 5-$(v,k,1)$ designs admitting a block-transitive group of automorphisms that is of affine type. Moreover, we show that the corresponding non-existence result holds for 4-$(v,k,1)$ designs, except possibly when the group is one-dimensional affine. Our approach involves a consideration of the finite 2-homogeneous affine permutation groups.Comment: 10 pages; to appear in: "Designs, Codes and Cryptography

Effects of Circulating and Local Uteroplacental Angiotensin II in Rat Pregnancy.

The renin-angiotensin (Ang) system is important during placental development. Dysregulation of the renin-Ang system is important in preeclampsia (PE). Female rats transgenic for the human angiotensinogen gene crossed with males transgenic for the human renin gene develop the PE syndrome, whereas those of the opposite cross do not. We used this model to study the role of Ang II in trophoblast invasion, which is shallow in human PE but deeper in this model. We investigated the following groups: PE rats, opposite-cross rats, Ang II–infused rats (1000 ng/kg per day), and control rats. Ang II infusion increased only circulating Ang II levels (267.82 pg/mL), opposite cross influenced only uteroplacental Ang II (13.52 fmol/mg of protein), and PE increased both circulating (251.09 pg/mL) and uteroplacental (19.24 fmol/mg of protein) Ang II. Blood pressure and albuminuria occurred in the models with high circulating Ang II but not in the other models. Trophoblast invasion increased in PE and opposite-cross rats but not in Ang II–infused rats. Correspondingly, uterine artery resistance index increased in Ang II–infused rats but decreased in PE rats. We then studied human trophoblasts and villous explants from first-trimester pregnancies with time-lapse microscopy. Local Ang II dose-dependently increased migration by 75%, invasion by 58%, and motility by 282%. The data suggest that local tissue Ang II stimulates trophoblast invasion in vivo in the rat and in vitro in human cells, a hitherto fore unrecognized function. Conceivably, upregulation of tissue Ang II in the maternal part of the placenta represents an important growth factor for trophoblast invasion and migration

Analytical pre-test support of boil-down test QUENCH-11

Analytische Unterstützung zur Vorbereitung des Ausdampf-Versuchs QUENCH-11 Im QUENCH-Vorhaben des Forschungszentrums Karlsruhe soll das Fluten eines teilweise zerstörten Kerns untersucht werden. Der zweite LACOMERA Versuch Q-L2 (QUENCH-11) beginnt mit einer Ausdampfphase des Bündels, bis der Wasserspiegel das untere Bündel¬ende erreicht hat. Ein derartiger Versuch wurde bislang noch nicht in der QUENCH-Anlage durchgeführt, so dass mit SCDAP/RELAP5 mod3.2.irs eine Machbarkeitsstudie erforderlich war. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine Zusatzheizung im unteren Plenum notwendig ist, um den Wasserstand und die Verdampfungsrate (Dampfmassenstrom in der Ausdampfphase) unabhängig von der angestrebten Maximaltemperatur im Bündel zu regeln. Für eine verläss¬liche Versuchsplanung sowie zur Erstellung der Energiebilanz muss die Zusatzheizung in¬nerhalb des unteren Plenums unterhalb der Wasseroberfläche installiert werden, damit die Heizleistung vollständig in das Wasser eingekoppelt wird. Um die Verdampfungsrate über längere Zeit aufrecht zu erhalten, muss zusätzlich Wasser in das untere Plenum eingespeist werden. Anhand dieser Rechnungen wird der Testablauf im Detail diskutiert. Eine entsprechende Studie zeigte die Durchführbarkeit eines solchen Ausdampftests und war die Grundlage für die oben erwähnten Änderungen in der Anlage und der Versuchs-Durchführung gegenüber früheren Tests. Eine Reihe von Vorversuche wurde durchgeführt, um die Brauchbarkeit der Änderungen an der Anlage und der geplanten Versuchsführung zu prüfen und um Daten für das thermohydraulische Verhalten der Anlage zu bekommen, an denen die Code-Modelle für die Voraus- und Nachrechnungen von QUENCH-11 getestet werden können. Im Anschluss an die Vorversuche wurden wie bei früheren QUENCH-Tests detaillierte Vorausrechnungen mit verschiedenen Codes zu Versuchsablauf und -steuerung durchgeführt. Drei Forschungs¬einrichtungen in der EU waren beteiligt. Die berechneten Ergebnisse reagieren empfindlich auf Änderungen der Versuchsparameter wie das anfängliche axiale Temperaturprofil und die eingespeiste elektrische Leistung, wie es auch für die untersuchten physikalischen Bedin¬gungen im Versuch erwartet werden kann

Signature of Electronic Correlations in the Optical Conductivity of the Doped Semiconductor Si:P

Electronic transport in highly doped but still insulating silicon at low temperatures is dominated by hopping between localized states; it serves as a model system of a disordered solid for which the electronic interaction can be investigated. We have studied the frequency-dependent conductivity of phosphorus-doped silicon in the THz frequency range (30 GHz to 3 THz) at low temperatures $T\geq 1.8$ K. The crossover in the optical conductivity from a linear to a quadratic frequency dependence as predicted by Efros and Shklovskii is observed qualitatively; however, the simple model does not lead to a quantitative agreement. Covering a large range of donor concentration, our temperature- and frequency-dependent investigations reveal that electronic correlation effects between the localized states play an important and complex role at low temperatures. In particular we find a super-linear frequency dependence of the conductivity that highlights the influence of the density of states, i.e. the Coulomb gap, on the optical conductivity. When approaching the metal-to-insulator transition by increasing doping concentration, the dielectric constant and the localization length exhibit critical behavior.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl

Vascular white matter lesions negatively correlate with brain metastases in malignant melanoma - results from a retrospective comparative analysis

Brain metastasis (BM) is a major complication of different cancers. There is increasing evidence for influence of vascular factors on BM in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is not known if the same is true for other tumors that might rely on different forms of vasculogenesis. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate a possible negative association of vascular white matter lesions and vascular risk factors (vasRF) with brain metastases in patients with melanoma