Studi In silico Potensi Anti Hipertensi dan Prediksi Profil Farmakokinetika Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia. Lamk)

Abstract. Hypertension is a disease that is often occurred in every country, including Indonesia. Hypertension is one of the risk factors that lead to cardiovascular disease. Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk are one of the plants used empirically as antihypertensive in Indonesia, but research on the antihypertensive potential of its leaves has never been done before.The purpose of this study was to predict the potential activity and predict the pharmacokinetic of several compounds contained in Guazuma ulmifolia leaves. The Guazuma ulmifolia leaves compounds and captopril were docked to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme protein (PDB ID: 1O86). Mole­cular docking tests were performed using PyRx software while the visuali­zation analysis of molecular anchoring results was performed using Biovia Discovery Studio Visualizer software. Prediction of phar­macokinetic and physicochemical properties of the tested compounds was carried out using the pkCSM web page. Based on the molecular docking test, all compounds in Guazuma ulmifolia leaves have lower energy than the captopril. Kaempferitrin (-9.9 k/mol) and beta-sitosterol (-9.2 kcal/mol) had the lowest energy among other test compounds compared to captopril (-5.5 kcal/mol). Quercetin, kaempferol, and beta-caryophyllene were compounds that had similar interactions to the captopril based on the chemical interaction. All compounds had varied pharmacokinetic profiles but still had a fairly good profile

EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL KOMBINASI RIMPANG KUNYIT (Curcuma domestica) DAN RIMPANG JAHE EMPRIT (Zingiber officinale var.amarum) TERHADAP PARALISIS DAN KEMATIAN CACING DEWASA Ascaris Suum Goeze SECARA IN VITRO

Pendahuluan: Ascariasis merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di Indonesia yang belum mendapat perhatian, terbukti dengan angka kejadian yang masih tinggi. Salah satu herbal yang memiliki potensi antelmintik adalah kunyit dan jahe emprit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui mekanisme ekstrak etanol kombinasi kunyit dan jahe emprit pada paralisis dan kematian cacing Ascaris suum Goeze. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental metode in vitro dengan post test control only group yang dilakukan menggunakan ekstrak etanol kombinasi kunyit dan jahe emprit dengan konsentrasi 0.8125%, 1.625%, 3.25%, 6.5%, dan 13%. Penelitian ini menggunakan kelompok kontrol negatif NaCl 0,9% dan kontrol positif pirantel pamoat 5mg/ml. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan regresi linier menggunakan program Microsoft Excel 2019 for Windows yang dinyatakan dalam nilai PC50 dan LC50.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak etanol kombinasi kunyit dan jahe emprit berbanding lurus dengan aktivitas antelmintiknya. Ekstrak herbal memiliki nilai PC50 sebesar 2,33% dan LC50 sebesar 2%. Potensi antelmintik yang dihasilkan 10x lebih rendah dibandingkan pirantel pamoat.Kesimpulan: Efek ekstrak etanol kombinasi kunyit dan jahe memiliki potensi sebagai antelmintik namun lemah dibandingkan dengan pirantel pamoat berdasarkan nilai PC50 dan LC50.Kata Kunci: kunyit, jahe emprit, kematian, Ascaris suum Goez

Efek Perasan Aloe vera L. terhadap Ketebalan Epitel dan Kepadatan Kolagen pada Luka Sayat Tikus Wistar

Pendahuluan: Luka sayat merupakan terputusnya kontinuitas kulit baik luka trauma maupun luka robekan linier pembedahan. Proses penyembuhan luka meliputi fase inflamasi, proliferasi, dan remodeling. Lidah buaya dengan kandungan glikoprotein, acemannan dapat menginduksi sitokin TGFβ untuk meningkatkan pembentukan sel fibroblast. Sel ini sangat berperan dalam epitelisasi dan sintesis kolagen. Penelitian ini digunakan untuk mengetahui efek perasan lidah buaya dalam proses penyembuhan luka melalui pengamatan ketebalan epitel dan kepadatan kolagen.Metode: Penelitian eksperimental laboratorium in vivo posttest-only control group design. Tikus wistar jantan sebanyak 20 ekor berusia 2-3 bulan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, (1) kontrol positif dengan Povidone iodine 10% (KP), (2) Kelompok perlakuan dengan perasan lidah buaya konsentrasi 20% (P1), (3) 40% (P2) dan (4) 80% (P3) selama 7 hari.  Pemeriksaan ketebalan epitel menggunakan teknik blok parafin dan pengecatan HE (Hematoxylin-Eosin) dan  kepadatan kolagen diperiksa dengan teknik pewarnaan Masson’s Trichrome dan software imageJ. Data dianalisa dengan uji One Way ANOVA dilanjutkan uji Least Significant Difference (LSD) (signifikansi p≤0,05).Hasil: Hasil pemberian perasan lidah buaya dosis 40% dan 80% dapat meningkatkan ketebalan epitel tikus wistar jantan secara signifikan sebesar 63,6% dan 72,9% dibanding kelompok kontrol positif (p≤0,05) dengan nilai masing-masing  KP 428,02 ± 124,46 µm,  P1 554,56 ± 98,28 µm, P2 700,07 ± 133,18 µm  dan P3 739,91 ± 147,26 µm. Hasil kepadatan kolagen pada semua dosis perasan daun lidah buaya yang diberikan dengan nilai  KP 150,5 ± 25,31%, P1 154,16 ± 22,8 %, P2 155,84 ± 18 %, P3 158,23 ± 17,59 % tidak lebih tinggi (p>0,05) jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol positif.Kesimpulan: Pemberian perasan daun lidah buaya pada dosis 40% dan 80% dapat meningkatkan ketebalan epitel pada luka saytatikus wistar jantan, namun tidak dapat meningkatkan kepadatan kolagen dalam semua dosis jika dibandingkan dengan pemberian povidone iodine 10%,Kata Kunci: Luka sayat, Perasan lidah buaya (Aloe vera Linn.), Ketebalan Epitel, Kepadatam Kolage

Kadar Protein, Kadar Lemak dan Solid non Fat Susu Kambing Pasteurisasi pada Penyimpanan Refrigerator

AbstrakPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama simpan refrigerator terhadap kadar protein, kadar lemak dan solid non fat (SNF) susu kambing pasteurisasi. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Hasil ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Islam Malang mulai tanggal 01 Juli – 21 Agustus 2017. Materi yang digunakan adalah susu kambing, gula, alat pasteurisasi sederhana, refrigerator, lactoscan. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen. Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar protein, kadar lemak dan solid non fat (SNF). Pengujian kadar protein, kadar lemak, dan SNF menggunakan alat lactoscan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan lama simpan yaitu P1 (1 hari), P2 (3 hari), P3 (6 hari), P4 (9 hari), P5 (12 hari) penyimpanan dan 4 ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis of variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjut dengan uji duncan apabila terdapat pengaruh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya lama penyimpanan refrigerator mempengaruhi kadar protein, kadar lemak, dan SNF susu kambing pasteurisasi (P<0,05). Kadar protein, lemak dan SNF tertinggi pada penyimpanan P1 sebesar 4,26±0,01, 6,93±0,01, 8,30±0,01. Penyimpanan susu kambing pasteurisasi pada refrigerator selama 9 hari pada refrigerator menghasilkan kadar protein, kadar lemak dan SNF sesuai standar SNI. Kesimpulannya adalah penyimpanan susu kambing pasteurisasi pada refrigerator selama 9 hari masih dapat dikatakan aman untuk dikonsumsi.Kata kunci: susu kambing pasteurisasi, penyimpanan refrigerator, protein, lemak, solid non fat Content of Protein, Fat and Solid Non Fat Pasteurized Goat Milk in Refrigerator StorageAbstractThe aim of this research is to know the influence of refrigerator saving to protein content, fat content and solid non fat (SNF) of pasteurized goat milk. This research was conducted in Animal Production Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Islamic University of Malang from July 01–August 21st, 2017. Goat milk, sugar, simple pasteurization, refrigerator, lactoscan were used in this research. The obtained fresh goat milk was pasteurized at 71.2°C for 15 seconds. The storage of pasteurized goat milk was done in the refrigerator for 12 days. During storage, protein content, fat content and SNF were observed. Testing protein levels, fat content, and SNF using lactoscan. The experimental design used a complete randomized design with 5 treatments, i.e. P1 (1 day), P2 (3 days), P3 (6 days), P4 (9 days), P5 (12 days) of storage. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan test if there was significant effect. The results showed that refrigerator storage significantly influenced protein level, fat level, and SNF pasteurized goat milk (P< 0,05). The highest content of protein, fat and SNF was achieved at P1, i.e. 4.26±0.01, 6.93±0.01, 8.30±0.01, respectively. As conclusion, based on content of protein, fat and SNF pasteurized goat milk stored at refrigerator was still fulfill the requirement in SNI, thus the product was still safe for consumption.Keywords: pasteurized goat's milk, refrigerator storage, protein, fat, solid non fa

PERBANDINGAN EFEK PERASAN DAGING DAUN LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera L.) DAN POVIDONE IODINE TERHADAP EKSPRESI VEGF DAN JUMLAH LUMEN PEMBULUH DARAH TIKUS WISTAR DENGAN LUKA SAYAT

Introduction: Incision wound is disorders of skin structure that causes sensory dysfunction and the delay in this process may cause increasing the patient’s morbidity. Some alternative treatment to increase wound healing is by using herb such as Aloe vera. Therefore, the study to know the effect of Aloe vera on wound healing process by measuring the VEGF expression and number of blood vessels is needed.Method: 24 male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months divided into 4 groups, (1). K + (povidone iodine) group, (2). The treatment group given the taste of aloe with 20% concentration (KP1), (3). 40% concentration (KP2) and (3). 80% concentration (KP3) at a dose of 0.5 gr/rat/day topically for 6 days. VEGF expressions are measured using immunohistochemistry (IHK) staining and blood vessels using Hematoxylin Eosin (HE). Data obtained by statistical analysis using SPSS version 17 with a signification level p 0,05). Effect of Aloe vera juice on the number of  blood vessel lumen in KP+, KP1, KP2, KP3 goup were (14.7±4,94), (17.16±4,67), (25.53±5.54), dan (33.9±11.82) with signification value (p<0,05).Conclusion: Aloe vera juice affect on the number of blood vessel lumen. Further research in need to know the active compound in Aloe vera that has wound healing effectKeywords: Incision Wound, Aloe vera L., vascular endoothelial growth factor (VEGF), Blood vessel

Genistein Increase Intracellular Distribution of the High Motility Group Box-1 Through P38 Pathway in HeLa Culture Cells Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α

Cervical cancer is one kind of many cancer that cause death to women around the world. Many studies had support the statement that inflammation has a strong linkage with cancer development. Several factors like proinflammatory factor can influence tumor cell microenvironment, and induce a faster proliferation. TNF-&alpha; is suspected can induce proliferation. While cancer itself can induce inflammation, which is marked by several marker. One of them is HMGB1, released from the cell as active secretory lysosomes or passive diffusion. Genistein has demonstrated growth inhibitory effects of various types of cancer cells. It inhibits tyrosine kinase pathway, which can be activated by TNF-&alpha;. One of those pathways that have the link with proliferation is p38. This study tries to reveal about inhibitory effect of genistein toward p38 pathway that had been activated by TNF-&alpha;. This research was conducted by exposing cultured HeLa cells with various doses of genistein for 90 minutes, and then exposed to TNF - &alpha; 10 ng / mL for 20 minutes. Observations were made with a confocal microscope, by staining the cells with pp38-TRITC and HMGB1 antibody. The intensity was measured and analyzed by Fluoview software. The results suggest that there be significant differences between pp38 intranuclear intensity and HMGB1 extranuclear intensity of each dose of genistein (p = 0.000, ANOVA). pp38 and HMGB1 intensity were increased along with increasing genistein dose, but at high dose there were noted decreasing of pp38 and HMGB1 intensity. At apoptotic dose, pp38 and HMGB1 intensity were increased markedly, showing the effect of apoptosis. In general, increasing doses of genistein increase intranuclear p38 activation and HMGB1 extranuclear translocation. So there were a strong linkage between p38 activation and HMGB1 translocation in this study

Pengaruh Kombinasi Dekokta Rimpang Zingiber officinale var rubrum dan Imperata cylindrica Terhadap Kadar MMP-9 Serum Tikus Wistar Jantan Model Osteoartritis

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a damage chronic disorder caused by degenerative process and inflammation that lead to the joint cartilage. Previous research showed that red ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) and cogon grass rhizome (Imperata Cylindrica) had anti-inflammation and antioxidant effects. This research aimed to know the potencial of the combination of red ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) and cogon grass rhizome (Imperata Cylindrica) (CRGCG) by measuring the OA rats serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 is an enzyme that plays a role in joint cartilage destruction.Methods: 25 male Wistar rats age 4 months divided into 5 groups namely positive control group (PC), negative control group (NC), treatment group 1 recieved dose 9+40 mg/rat/day (T1), treatment group 2 recieve dose 18+40 mg/rat/day (T2), and treatment group 3 recieve dose 36+40 mg/rat/day(T3). Rats were induced with Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) by 0.1 ml/rat on right knee intraarticular to induce. The administration of CRGCG is given for 10 days. The serum MMP-9 level was assessed by MMP-9 ELISA Kit. Data analyzed using One Way Anova followed by Post Hoc test. The result is significant if p<0.05.Result: The Combination of Red Ginger Rhizome and Cogon Grass Rhizome (CRGCG) on the first treatment (0,85±0,03), second treatment (0,86±0,02) and third treatment (0,84±0,02) able to decrease the serum MMP-9 level significantly (p<0,05).Conclusion: The optimal dose from Combination of Red Ginger Rhizome and Cogon Grass Rhizome (CRGCG) to reduce serum MMP-9 level is  dose 9+40 mg/rat/day.Keywords: Cogon Grass, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, Osteoarthritis, Red Ginge

Pengaruh Kombinasi Dekokta Zingiber officinale var rubrum dan Imperata cylindrica terhadap Kadar TNF-α Serum Tikus Osteoartritis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and degenerative joint disease due to damage of cartilage in the joints.  Joint damage in OA patients occurs due to an increase in proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a role in the pathogenesis of inflammation in OA. Current OA drugs have side effects if are used long term. Therefore, alternative treatments are needed. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) and cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) have anti-inflammation and antioxidant effects. This research aimed to know the potential of the combination of RGCG  as OA therapy by measuring serum TNF-α of OA rats.Methods: Male Wistar rats aged 4 months divided into 5 groups (N=5), namely negative control group (KN), positive control group (KP), first treatment with dose 9+40 mg/rat/day (P1), second treatment with dose 18+40 mg/rat/day (P2), and third treatment with dose 36+40 mg/rat/day (P3). Rats were induced with Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) 0.1 ml/rat intraarticular on the right knee. The administration of the combination of RGCG is given for 10 days. Rats were dissected then blood was taken in the rat's heart, the blood was stored then put in a centrifuge to get blood serum. The serum TNF-α level was assessed by TNF-α ELISA Kit. Data analyzed using One Way ANOVA followed by the Post Hoc test. The result is significant if p<0.05.Result: Combination of RGCG at dose (0,28 ± 0,01), second treatment dose 18+40 mg/rat/day (0,28 ± 0,01) and third treatment dose 36+40 mg/rat/day (0,27 ± 0,01) are able to decrease the serum TNF-α level significantly (p<0,05) compared with KP, without dependent dose effect.Conclusion: The given doses of the combination of Red Ginger Rhizome and Cogon Grass dose 9+40 mg/rat/day (T1), 18+40 mg/rat/day (T2) and 36+40 mg/rat/day (T3) are able to decrease the serum TNF-α level of OA rats. Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Red Ginger, Cogon Grass, TNF-α