635 research outputs found
Microextensive Chaos of a Spatially Extended System
By analyzing chaotic states of the one-dimensional Kuramoto-Sivashinsky
equation for system sizes L in the range 79 <= L <= 93, we show that the
Lyapunov fractal dimension D scales microextensively, increasing linearly with
L even for increments Delta{L} that are small compared to the average cell size
of 9 and to various correlation lengths. This suggests that a spatially
homogeneous chaotic system does not have to increase its size by some
characteristic amount to increase its dynamical complexity, nor is the increase
in dimension related to the increase in the number of linearly unstable modes.Comment: 5 pages including 4 figures. Submitted to PR
Nosologie populaire des maladies infantiles dans l'Ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire : implications pour le paludisme
Efficient Algorithm on a Non-staggered Mesh for Simulating Rayleigh-Benard Convection in a Box
An efficient semi-implicit second-order-accurate finite-difference method is
described for studying incompressible Rayleigh-Benard convection in a box, with
sidewalls that are periodic, thermally insulated, or thermally conducting.
Operator-splitting and a projection method reduce the algorithm at each time
step to the solution of four Helmholtz equations and one Poisson equation, and
these are are solved by fast direct methods. The method is numerically stable
even though all field values are placed on a single non-staggered mesh
commensurate with the boundaries. The efficiency and accuracy of the method are
characterized for several representative convection problems.Comment: REVTeX, 30 pages, 5 figure
On the morphology of ammonium nitrate (III): theory and observation
The aim of this paper is to derive on a theoretical basis the morphology of crystals of ammonium nitrate, phase III, and to compare the results with experimental growth forms. The theory used is based on the concepts of periodic bond chain (PBC), F face and connected net, developed by Hartman and Perdok. Further an Ising model is used to determine roughening temperatures. Based on different criteria theoretical growth forms are predicted and compared with experiments
Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy for the determination of free gossypol in cottonseed meal
Gossypol is a toxic polyphenolic compound produced by the pigment glands of the cotton
plant. The free gossypol content of cottonseed meal (CSM) is commonly determined by the
American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS) wet chemistry method. The AOCS method, however,
laboratory-intensive, time-consuming, and therefore, not practical for quick field analyses.
To determine if the free gossypol content of CSM could be predicted by near infrared reflectance
spectroscopy (NIRS), CSM samples were collected from all over the world. All CSM samples
were ground and a portion of each analyzed for free gossypol by the AOCS procedure (reference
data) and by NIRS (reflectance data). Both reflectance and reference data were combined in
calibration. The coefficient of determination (r2) and standard error of prediction (SEP) were
used to assess the calibration accuracy. The r2 was 0.728, and the SEP was 0.034 for the
initial calibration that included samples from all over the world. However, the r2 and SEP
improved to 0.921 and 0.014, respectively, if the calibration was made using CSM samples
only from the United States. These results indicate that a general prediction equation can be
developed to predict the free gossypol content of CSM by NIRS. From a practical standpoint,
NIRS technology provides a method for quickly assessing whether a particular batch of CSM
has a free gossypol content low enough to be suitable for use in poultry diets.This research was supported in part by grant 05-635GA from the Georgian Cotton Commission, Perry, G
Apolipoprotein J is a hepatokine regulating muscle glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity
Crosstalk between liver and skeletal muscle is vital for glucose homeostasis. Hepatokines, liver-derived proteins that play an important role in regulating muscle metabolism, are important to this communication. Here we identify apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) as a novel hepatokine targeting muscle glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity through a low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-2 (LRP2)-dependent mechanism, coupled with the insulin receptor (IR) signaling cascade. In muscle, LRP2 is necessary for insulin-dependent IR internalization, an initial trigger for insulin signaling, that is crucial in regulating downstream signaling and glucose uptake. Of physiologic significance, deletion of hepatic ApoJ or muscle LRP2 causes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance, pioglitazone-induced improvement of insulin action is associated with an increase in muscle ApoJ and LRP2 expression. Thus, the ApoJ-LRP2 axis is a novel endocrine circuit that is central to the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity
UV and EUV Instruments
We describe telescopes and instruments that were developed and used for
astronomical research in the ultraviolet (UV) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV)
regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The wavelength ranges covered by these
bands are not uniquely defined. We use the following convention here: The EUV
and UV span the regions ~100-912 and 912-3000 Angstroem respectively. The
limitation between both ranges is a natural choice, because the hydrogen Lyman
absorption edge is located at 912 Angstroem. At smaller wavelengths,
astronomical sources are strongly absorbed by the interstellar medium. It also
marks a technical limit, because telescopes and instruments are of different
design. In the EUV range, the technology is strongly related to that utilized
in X-ray astronomy, while in the UV range the instruments in many cases have
their roots in optical astronomy. We will, therefore, describe the UV and EUV
instruments in appropriate conciseness and refer to the respective chapters of
this volume for more technical details.Comment: To appear in: Landolt-Boernstein, New Series VI/4A, Astronomy,
Astrophysics, and Cosmology; Instruments and Methods, ed. J.E. Truemper,
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 201
Association of Insulin Resistance with Bone Strength and Bone Turnover in Menopausal Chinese-Singaporean Women without Diabetes.
Insulin resistance (IR) is accompanied by increased areal or volumetric bone mineral density (aBMD or vBMD), but also higher fracture risk. Meanwhile, imbalances in bone health biomarkers affect insulin production. This study investigates the effect of IR on proximal femur and lumbar spine BMD, femoral neck bending, compressive and impact strength indices (Composite Strength Indices) and circulating levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), C-telopeptide of Type I collagen (CTx-1) and 25(OH) Vitamin D₃, in a cohort of 97 healthy, non-obese, menopausal Chinese-Singaporean women. Lumbar spine aBMD was inversely associated with IR and dependent on lean body mass (LBM) and age. No such associations were found for vBMD of the third lumbar vertebra, aBMD and vBMD of the proximal femur, or circulating levels of PTH, CTx-1 and 25(OH) Vitamin D₃. Composite Strength Indices were inversely associated with IR and independent of LBM, but after adjusting for fat mass and age, this association remained valid only for the impact strength index. Composite Strength Indices were significantly lower in participants with a high degree of IR. Our findings on IR and Composite Strength Indices relationships were in agreement with previous studies on different cohorts, but those on IR and BMD associations were not
Anomalous Heat Conduction and Anomalous Diffusion in Low Dimensional Nanoscale Systems
Thermal transport is an important energy transfer process in nature. Phonon
is the major energy carrier for heat in semiconductor and dielectric materials.
In analogy to Ohm's law for electrical conductivity, Fourier's law is a
fundamental rule of heat transfer in solids. It states that the thermal
conductivity is independent of sample scale and geometry. Although Fourier's
law has received great success in describing macroscopic thermal transport in
the past two hundreds years, its validity in low dimensional systems is still
an open question. Here we give a brief review of the recent developments in
experimental, theoretical and numerical studies of heat transport in low
dimensional systems, include lattice models, nanowires, nanotubes and
graphenes. We will demonstrate that the phonon transports in low dimensional
systems super-diffusively, which leads to a size dependent thermal
conductivity. In other words, Fourier's law is breakdown in low dimensional
structures
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