Worse Caries Experience Does Not Lead to Worse Overall Health

Objective: To analyze caries experience depending on periodontitis affection concomitant or not with cardiovascular risks or mental health issues with the hypothesis that worse accumulated caries experience is not necessarily the result of the presence of concomitant overall health issues. Material and Methods: All subjects of this cross-sectional study were participants of the Dental Registry and DNA Repository project. Variables age, ethnicity, sex, caries experience, periodontitis and mental disease statuses and blood pressure assessment, dental clinical data (DMFT, DMFS and periodontitis) were evaluated and collected from the clinical records. We used chi-square, Fisher’s exact, or Student’s t-tests to determine differences in frequencies of sex, age, ethnicity, and dental clinical data depending on caries experience, periodontitis, mental health status, and cardiovascular risks. The established alpha was 5%. Results: Of the total 1,437 subjects included in this study, 407 were individuals with high blood pressure and 1,030 were individuals without high blood pressure. Also, 558 were individuals with mental disease and 879 were individuals without mental disease. High blood pressure patients were mostly men (47.17%) and women were the majority when analyzing patients with mental illness (60.04%). Most of the patients in the different groups were white, with a mean age ranging from 15.4 to 88 years. Conclusion: We concluded that caries experience concomitant or not with periodontitis affection does not associate with high blood pressure and mental disease

Avaliação da percepção do paladar em indivíduos infectados pelo HIV

Orientador: Prof.Dr. Antônio Adilson Soares de LimaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia. Defesa: Curitiba, 24/11/2014Inclui referênciasResumo: A percepção do paladar ocorre por uma sensação química relacionada aos botões gustativos. As alterações deste sentido podem estar associadas a uma série de fatores, incluindo a infecção pelo HIV. O objetivo deste estudo observacional do tipo caso-controle foi avaliar a percepção do paladar em pacientes infectados pelo HIV. Cem indivíduos do sexo masculino e feminino (1160 anos de idade) foram divididos em dois grupos (50 pacientes infectados Pelo HIV e 50 controles) e avaliados quanto à sua função gustativa pela técnica das "tiras de sabor" em relação aos quatros sabores básicos. Os resultados revelaram que a média de acertos na avaliação do paladar foi significativamente menor nos indivíduos com infecção pelo HIV em relação aos controles para ambos os lados da língua (p<0,05). Os pacientes com infecção pelo HIV tiveram dificuldade em reconhecer o sabor amargo, seguido pelo salgado e doce. Não houve dificuldade na identificação do sabor azedo. Quando cada lado da língua foi avaliado isoladamente e comparado, o teste de Wilcoxon revelou que não existia diferença significativa na língua dos indivíduos com HIV (p=0,261). A prevalência de hipogeusia foi de 20% nos indivíduos com esta doença. A maioria destes indivíduos era do sexo masculino, com idade média de 37,3 anos, de cor branca, solteiro e que faziam uso de diversos medicamentos, especialmente, antimicrobianos, antirretrovirais, analgésicos, antidepressivos e antieméticos. Baseado nesses achados pode-se concluir que indivíduos com infecção pelo HIV podem apresentar um déficit no paladar que pode repercutir na sua saúde geral e bucal. Palavras-chaves: Paladar; Distúrbios do Paladar; Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida; Ageusia; Infecções por HIV. Fonte: DeCS (BVS - bireme)Abstract: The perception of taste occurs by a chemical sensation related to the taste buds. Changes in this sense may be associated with a number of factors, including HIV infection. The aim of this study observational case-control was to evaluate the perception of taste in HIV-infected patients. One hundred male and female (11-60 years old) were divided into two groups (50 patients infected by HIV and 50 controls) and evaluated for gustatory function by the "taste strips" technique for four basic flavors. The results revealed that the mean score in the evaluation of taste was significantly lower in individuals with HIV when compared to controls for both sides of the tongue (P <0.05). Patients with HIV infection had difficulty recognizing the bitter taste, followed by salty and sweet. There was no difficulty in identifying the sour taste. When each side of the tongue was evaluated separately and compared, the Wilcoxon test showed that there was no significant difference on the tongue of individuals with HIV / AIDS (P = 0.261). The prevalence of hypogeusia was 20% in individuals with this disease. Most of these individuals were male, mean age 37.3 years old, white, single, and who made use of many drugs, especially, antibiotics, antiretroviral drugs, analgesics, antidepressants and antiemetics. Based on these findings it can be concluded that individuals with HIV infection may have a deficit in taste that can affect your general and oral health. Keywords: Taste; Taste disorders; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Ageusia; HIV Infections. Fonte: DeCS (BVS - bireme)Abstract: The perception of taste occurs by a chemical sensation related to the taste buds. Changes in this sense may be associated with a number of factors, including HIV infection. The aim of this study observational case-control was to evaluate the perception of taste in HIV-infected patients. One hundred male and female (11-60 years old) were divided into two groups (50 patients infected by HIV and 50 controls) and evaluated for gustatory function by the "taste strips" technique for four basic flavors. The results revealed that the mean score in the evaluation of taste was significantly lower in individuals with HIV when compared to controls for both sides of the tongue (P <0.05). Patients with HIV infection had difficulty recognizing the bitter taste, followed by salty and sweet. There was no difficulty in identifying the sour taste. When each side of the tongue was evaluated separately and compared, the Wilcoxon test showed that there was no significant difference on the tongue of individuals with HIV / AIDS (P = 0.261). The prevalence of hypogeusia was 20% in individuals with this disease. Most of these individuals were male, mean age 37.3 years old, white, single, and who made use of many drugs, especially, antibiotics, antiretroviral drugs, analgesics, antidepressants and antiemetics. Based on these findings it can be concluded that individuals with HIV infection may have a deficit in taste that can affect your general and oral health. Keywords: Taste; Taste disorders; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Ageusia; HIV Infections. Fonte: DeCS (BVS - bireme

Oral conditions and salivary analysis in HIV-uninfected subjects using preexposure prophylaxis

New prevention strategies have been advocated to control the progression of HIV/AIDS, such as preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential changes in the oral and salivary conditions of HIV-uninfected subjects using PrEP. Subjects were evaluated before beginning the medication (T0), at the first follow-up (T1), and at the second follow-up (T2). Xerostomia, presence of untreated cavitated caries, oral hygiene habits, taste, gingival and plaque index, stimulated salivary flow rate (SSFR), and salivary concentrations of calcium, glucose, urea, and total proteins were evaluated. Data obtained were analyzed using statistical tests (p0.05), except for the salivary calcium concentration, that increased at T2 compared to T1 (p=0.02). There was significant difference between taste and xerostomia at T1 (p=0.017), and the need to drink to swallow at T2 (p=0.015). There was significant correlation between the reported amount of saliva and taste (p=0.039, r=-0.378) at T1. The prolonged use of PrEP seems to be associated with reports of dry mouth and worsening of taste, possibly associated with increased salivary calcium concentration

Avaliação da percepção do paladar em indivíduos infectados pelo HIV

Orientador: Prof.Dr. Antônio Adilson Soares de LimaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia. Defesa: Curitiba, 24/11/2014Inclui referênciasResumo: A percepção do paladar ocorre por uma sensação química relacionada aos botões gustativos. As alterações deste sentido podem estar associadas a uma série de fatores, incluindo a infecção pelo HIV. O objetivo deste estudo observacional do tipo caso-controle foi avaliar a percepção do paladar em pacientes infectados pelo HIV. Cem indivíduos do sexo masculino e feminino (1160 anos de idade) foram divididos em dois grupos (50 pacientes infectados Pelo HIV e 50 controles) e avaliados quanto à sua função gustativa pela técnica das "tiras de sabor" em relação aos quatros sabores básicos. Os resultados revelaram que a média de acertos na avaliação do paladar foi significativamente menor nos indivíduos com infecção pelo HIV em relação aos controles para ambos os lados da língua (p<0,05). Os pacientes com infecção pelo HIV tiveram dificuldade em reconhecer o sabor amargo, seguido pelo salgado e doce. Não houve dificuldade na identificação do sabor azedo. Quando cada lado da língua foi avaliado isoladamente e comparado, o teste de Wilcoxon revelou que não existia diferença significativa na língua dos indivíduos com HIV (p=0,261). A prevalência de hipogeusia foi de 20% nos indivíduos com esta doença. A maioria destes indivíduos era do sexo masculino, com idade média de 37,3 anos, de cor branca, solteiro e que faziam uso de diversos medicamentos, especialmente, antimicrobianos, antirretrovirais, analgésicos, antidepressivos e antieméticos. Baseado nesses achados pode-se concluir que indivíduos com infecção pelo HIV podem apresentar um déficit no paladar que pode repercutir na sua saúde geral e bucal. Palavras-chaves: Paladar; Distúrbios do Paladar; Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida; Ageusia; Infecções por HIV. Fonte: DeCS (BVS - bireme)Abstract: The perception of taste occurs by a chemical sensation related to the taste buds. Changes in this sense may be associated with a number of factors, including HIV infection. The aim of this study observational case-control was to evaluate the perception of taste in HIV-infected patients. One hundred male and female (11-60 years old) were divided into two groups (50 patients infected by HIV and 50 controls) and evaluated for gustatory function by the "taste strips" technique for four basic flavors. The results revealed that the mean score in the evaluation of taste was significantly lower in individuals with HIV when compared to controls for both sides of the tongue (P <0.05). Patients with HIV infection had difficulty recognizing the bitter taste, followed by salty and sweet. There was no difficulty in identifying the sour taste. When each side of the tongue was evaluated separately and compared, the Wilcoxon test showed that there was no significant difference on the tongue of individuals with HIV / AIDS (P = 0.261). The prevalence of hypogeusia was 20% in individuals with this disease. Most of these individuals were male, mean age 37.3 years old, white, single, and who made use of many drugs, especially, antibiotics, antiretroviral drugs, analgesics, antidepressants and antiemetics. Based on these findings it can be concluded that individuals with HIV infection may have a deficit in taste that can affect your general and oral health. Keywords: Taste; Taste disorders; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Ageusia; HIV Infections. Fonte: DeCS (BVS - bireme)Abstract: The perception of taste occurs by a chemical sensation related to the taste buds. Changes in this sense may be associated with a number of factors, including HIV infection. The aim of this study observational case-control was to evaluate the perception of taste in HIV-infected patients. One hundred male and female (11-60 years old) were divided into two groups (50 patients infected by HIV and 50 controls) and evaluated for gustatory function by the "taste strips" technique for four basic flavors. The results revealed that the mean score in the evaluation of taste was significantly lower in individuals with HIV when compared to controls for both sides of the tongue (P <0.05). Patients with HIV infection had difficulty recognizing the bitter taste, followed by salty and sweet. There was no difficulty in identifying the sour taste. When each side of the tongue was evaluated separately and compared, the Wilcoxon test showed that there was no significant difference on the tongue of individuals with HIV / AIDS (P = 0.261). The prevalence of hypogeusia was 20% in individuals with this disease. Most of these individuals were male, mean age 37.3 years old, white, single, and who made use of many drugs, especially, antibiotics, antiretroviral drugs, analgesics, antidepressants and antiemetics. Based on these findings it can be concluded that individuals with HIV infection may have a deficit in taste that can affect your general and oral health. Keywords: Taste; Taste disorders; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Ageusia; HIV Infections. Fonte: DeCS (BVS - bireme

The concept of exposure when selecting comparison groups for determining individual susceptibility to addiction to cigarette smoking.

Smoking is a leading cause of preventable death. The effect of tobacco is even more contundent in people with mental illness and, in general, cigarette smoking addiction is influenced by genetic factors. The opioid system is involved in the mesolimbic reward system, which is of great importance in addictive behaviors, such as smoking and is influenced by genes such as the OPRM1. The aim of this study was to evaluate if selecting a comparison group that include light smokers versus people that never smoked impacts the results of genetic association studies. In addition, to evaluate the genetic association in different groups of smokers by analyzing independent covariates such as mental illness and clinical dental data. All subjects were participants of the Dental Registry and DNA Repository project. Genotyping was carried out using TaqMan chemistry for two markers in OPRM1 (rs553202 and rs7755635). Logistic regression analyses were performed as implemented in PLINK. The established value for alpha was 5%, and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evaluated by the chi-square test with one degree of freedom for each marker. 1,897 patients were included, which were allocated to eight distinct groups, according to the frequency and quantity of cigarettes smoked and mental illness status. There was no significant association between the two markers in OPRM1 and smoking. When mental illness and dental clinical data (tooth loss, dental caries, and periodontitis) were used as covariates, there were associations between heavy smoking and OPRM1, when non-smokers were used as comparison. We did not have diet or microbiome data to consider for these dental analyses and suggest that these kinds of data should be always incorporated in the future. Significant results were found only when the covariables mental illness and oral clinical data were added to the analysis