Perancangan Sistem Pengontrolan Water Treatment Menggunakan Kontrol PID

ABSTRAKAir minum adalah air yang melalui proses pengolahan atau tanpa proses pengolahan yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan dan dapat langsung diminum. Perusahaan daerah air minum (PDAM) sebagai perusahaan air minum belum dapat sepenuhnya menyediakan air bersih bagi masyarakat karena masih banyak mengalami kendala-kendala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membuat alat water treatment menggunakan sistem kendali PID dengan metode trial & error. dengan melihat parameter kekeruhan dan pH pada air yang menjadi syarat air layak minum. Alat ini terdiri atas perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak, perangkat keras terdiri atas sensor pH, sensor kekeruhan, dan motor servo. Sedangkan perangkat lunak terdiri atas aplikasi arduino IDE(Integrated Development Environtment.) Pada perancangan ini menerapkan kontroler PID sebagai pengatur bukaan motor servo sehingga sesuai dengan nilai yang diinginkan. Nilai yang ingin dicapai yaitu pH 7 dan kekeruhan <5 NTU(nephelometric turbidity unit). Pada pengujian sistem didapat nilai set PID dengan Kp=3, Ki=1,5 dan Kd=2 yang dicapai untuk menetralkan air dengan rata-rata waktu selama 3,2 menit pada pengkondisian air asam. Sedangkan pada pengkondisian air basa, untuk menetralkan air dengan rata-rata waktu selama 4,2 menit. Untuk tingkat kekeruhan, telah didapat nilai yang dicapai untuk menjernihkan air dengan rata-rata waktu selama 6,6 menit pada pengkondisian air sampai 110 NTU yang diterapkan menggunakan kontroler PID. Untuk menetralkan air asam, digunakan bahan kimia Natrium Hidroksida(NaOH) dengan konsentrasi 0,07 M(Molaritas). Sedangkan untuk menetralkan air basa, digunakan asam asetat(CH3COOH) dengan konsentrasi 0,06M.Kata kunci : Water treatment, sensor pH, sensor turbiditas, motor servo, PID(Proporsional-Integral-Diferensial)

IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING AND GROUP INVESTIGATION (PBL GO-IN) TO IMPROVE VOCATIONAL STUDENTS’ COMPETENCE

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a combination of problem-based learning and group investigation (PBL Go-In) methods on the competence of the Motorcycle Engineering and Business Program students. This study is an experimental implementation method using quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design. The results of the study obtained the application of the PBL Go-In model consisting of 7 stages, namely, presentation of problem situations, investigation and exploration, formulation of tasks, learning activities, analysis of progress, presentation, and assessment. The results of the analysis suggest that there are differences in the level of competency of students before and after the PBL Go-In method is implemented. The percentage of students passing minimum grade of 75 before treatment was 8.7%, and after treatment became 82.6%. Thus, it can be said that PBL Go-In learning model is potential to improve the students competence

Upaya Pengurangan Bahaya Banjir pada Bendungan Air Napal, Kota Bengkulu Menggunakan Alat Peringatan Dini Nirkabel

Dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun terakhir, intensitas bencana alam banjir semakin sering terjadi di Kota Bengkulu. Intensitas bencana alam banjir yang demikian sering terjadi ini menjadi perhatian serius, khususnya dalam upaya pengu­rangan bahaya banjir. Salah satu area yang kerap mengalami banjir adalah Residence 2, Kelurahan Sidomulyo, Kecamatan Gading Cempaka, Kota Bengkulu, yang berada di tepi Sungai dan Bendung Air Napal. Pengabdian ini dilakukan sebagai upaya pengurangan banjir pada wilayah tersebut, dengan menerapkan teknologi maju sistem peringatan dini. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat diawali dengan menampung aspirasi dari masyarakat yang kerap mengalami banjir di saat terjadi hujan dengan intensitas sedang sampai tinggi. Selanjutnya perakitan alat pendeteksi banjir dilakukan dan diujikan. Pemasangan alat sistem peringatan dini banjir selanjutnya dilakukan dan terlebih dahulu diawali dengan sosialisasi manfaat dan cara merawat alat. Langkah berikutnya adalah dengan mengenalkan aplikasi alat ini kepada khalayak luas. Dari pengabdian ini dihasilkan bahwa respon masya­rakat terhadap keberadaan alat ini sangat baik. Masyarakat berkomitmen untuk merawat alat ini dengan baik.&nbsp; Pada lokasi pengabdian, dipasanglah 2 alat sistem peringatan dini, berupa 1 transmitter dan 1 receiver. Kedua alat disebut dikembangkan dengan konsep telekomunikasi long range atau (LoRa). Kedua alat tersebut sangat handal sebagai satu kesatuan sistem peringatan dini, yang mana pada saat terjadi hujan dapat beroperasi dengan sangat efektif. Alat yang dihasilkan dan diterapkan ini dapat menjadi tonggak awal dalam upaya pengembangan sistem peringatan dini bencana di Bengkulu pada khususnya dan di Indonesia pada umumnya.&nbsp

Analisis Total Electron Content (TEC) Menggunakan Continous Wavelet Transform Sebagai Indikator Prekursor Gempa Bumi Di Wilayah Provinsi Bengkulu

ABSTRACT Bengkulu is one of 34 provinces in Indonesia which is a megathrust region. So Bengkulu province is often hit by many large earthquakes with shallow depth. TEC anomaly was analyzed based on three electromagnetic waves radiated by an earthquake. The total electron content (TEC) anomaly is seen through the global positioning system (GPS) dual-frequency radio signal data. The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) method is used to divide the signal analysis into several sections according to the electromagnetic wave frequency range of acoustic (2.5 mHz) -3 mHz), gravity waves (1 mHz-2.8 mHz) and rayleigh waves (5 mHz-33 mHz). GPS observation data for 9 days is calculated using the Standard deviation (2?) method to see trends in data changes. The analysis shows anomalies in the September 12 2007 earthquake (7.9 Mw), the March 5 2010 earthquake (6.3 Mw) and the August 4 2011 earthquake (6.0 Mw). Anomalies are detected 1 to 5 hours before an earthquake occurs. TEC anomalies that occur may be related to the process of preseismic before the earthquake and may be an early sign of an earthquake.Keyword: earthquake, total electron content, continous wavelet transform, standard deviatio

Pembuatan Alat Pendeteksi Banjir di Sungai Kawasan Wisata Desa Rindu Hati Bengkulu Tengah

Rindu Hati village is a village in Bengkulu province which developing natural tourism by utilizing the village budget managed by the village-owned enterprise. The tourism developed in Rindu Hati Village such as Glamping, Tubing, Waterfall Tracking, Endu Hill cliff climbing. The location of the village and tourist attractions are along the river and under the foot of the hill. In addition, the scene is very beautiful and it has the potential for a natural disaster if the rainy season occurs floods which can occur and the impact is cause loss of property and life. In the tourist attraction and residential areas, the residents of Rindu Hati Village have not been equipped with flood detectors. So, the negative impacts in the event of a flood are very large. To reduce the impact of floods, a flood detector was made as a warning sign to tourist visitors and residents when the flood or an increase in river water levels. The flood detector was made using a solar cell system and two controllers which will read the condition of the water level directly and could stand for 68 hours if there is no sunlight and could last for 8 hours when the siren sounds. The flood detection equipment has been installed and socialized in the term of theory and practice to tourism managers and the local community with the participant of 16 people. The flood detection was installed in the Rindu Hati Tourism River, it will reduce the impacts caused by floods and will increase the comfort of visitors from the dangers of floodin

Pelatihan Penerapan Alat Pendeteksi Bencana Banjir Dengan Teknologi Nirkabel Di Perumahan Timur Indah Residence 2 Kota Bengkulu

Bencana alam berdampak pada kehidupan sosial baik dari segi korban maupun kerugian materil. Indonesia memiliki tingkat kejadian bencana alam yang tinggi seperti gempa bumi, banjir, tanah longsor, tsunami, dll. Khususnya di Kota Bengkulu, bencana banjir sering terjadi. Kurangnya pemahaman tentang banjir menyebabkan banyak kerugian materil. Apalagi diperparah dengan minimnya alat yang bisa memberi tahu lebih dini jika akan terjadi banjir masih kurangnya peralatan peringatan dini banjir yang terpasang di Kota Bengkulu. Oleh karena itu penyuluhan tentang penyebab dan dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh banjir perlu diberikan serta pelatihan penerapan alat deteksi dini banjir lebih lanjut perlu diajarkan yang kemudian dapat dipasang di lingkungan tempat tinggal warga. Kegiatan ini telah dilaksanakan di Perumahan Timur Indah Residence 2 Kota Bengkulu bersama warga. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang penyebab dan dampak banjir serta cara penanggulangannya dan khususnya pengujian alat deteksi dini banjir agar berjalan normal dan dapat memberikan peringatan kepada warga sekitar. Sehingga saat musim hujan tidak ada lagi rumah yang terkena banjir

Pembuatan PLTS 650 Watt Untuk Mengatasi Kekurangan Sumber Energi Listrik Pada Alat Pendeteksi Banjir di Sungai Rindu Hati

Bencana banjir adalah suatu musibah yang bisa merugikan manusia baik itu secara materi maupun non materi, sehingga diperlukan teknologi untuk mendeteksi banjir di sungai rindu hati. Kegiatan pengabdian yang dilakukan di wisata rindu hati adalah kelanjutan pengabdian yang telah dilakukan pada tahun 2021 yang lalu. Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah memperbaiki alat pendeteksi banjir yang merusak dan meningkatkan daya PLTS sebesar 650 Watt. alat pendeteksi banjir yang diperbaiki adalah water level controller, inverter, charging controller, sensor level transmitter. Peningkatan daya PLTS menjadi 650 Watt mampu untuk menjadi sumber listrik alat pendeteksi banjir selama 5 hari tanpa ada sinar matahari. Perakitan alat  dilakukan di Laboratorium Teknik Elektro UNIB, penyuluhan kepada masyarakat tentang teknologi yang dibuat baik secara teori maupun praktek dilakukan di lokasi wisata rindu hati. Pengabdian masyarakat ini diikuti sebanyak 15 orang yang terdiri dari pemerintah Desa Rindu Hati dan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDES) yang mengurus wisata rindu hati.Bencana banjir adalah suatu musibah yang bisa merugikan manusia baik itu secara materi maupun nonmateri bahkan kehilangan nyawa, sehingga diperlukan teknologi untuk mendeteksi banjir disungai rindu hati. Alat pendeteksi banjir yang dipasang dirindu hati pada tahun 2021 telah tidak berfungsi lagi karena banyak alat yang rusak dan kekurangan sumber listrik. Kegiatan pengabdian yang dilakukan di wisata rindu hati adalah kelanjutan pengabdian yang telah dilakukan pada tahun 2021 yang lalu. Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah memperbaiki alat pendeteksi banjir yang rusak dan meningkatkan daya PLTS sebesar 650 Watt. alat pendeteksi banjir yang diperbaiki adalah water level controller, inverter, charging controller, sensor level transmitter. Peningkatan daya PLTS menjadi 650 Watt mampu untuk menjadi sumber listrik alat pendeteksi banjir selama 5,5 hari tanpa ada sinar matahari atau 5 hari. Perakitan alat&nbsp; dilakukan di Laboratorium Teknik Elektro UNIB, penyuluhan kepada masyarakat tentang teknologi yang dibuat baik secara teori maupun praktek dilakukan dilokasi wisata rindu hati. Pengabdian masyarakat ini diikuti sebanyak 15 orang yang terdiri dari pemerintah Desa Rindu Hati dan BUMDES yang mengurus wisata rindu hati

NFT Hydroponic Control Using Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System

The Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) method is one of the most popular hydroponic cultivation methods. This method has advantages such as easier maintenance, faster and optimal plant growth, better use of fertilizers, and less deposition. The disadvantages of NFT include the consumption of electrical power and the faster spread of disease. Therefore, NFT requires a good nutrient control and monitoring system to save electricity and achieve optimal growth and resistance to pests and diseases. In this study, a nutrient control was designed with indicators of pH and TDS levels and equipped with an Internet of Things (IoT) based monitoring system. The control system used is the Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System. The output of the system is the active time of the pH Up, pH Down, and AB Mix nutrient pumps, which aim to normalize the pH and TDS of nutrient liquids. The experimental results show that one to three control steps are needed to normalize pH. One control step has a response time of 60 seconds, and it can prevent pH Up and pH Down oscillations. As for TDS control, the prediction of AB mix pump active time works accurately, and TDS levels can be normalized in one control step. Overall, based on surface control, simulations, and real experimental data, it is indicated that the control system operates very well and can normalize pH and TDS to the desired normal standard

PLoS One

BackgroundIn 2010, an acute illness outbreak was reported in school students eating high-energy biscuits supplied by the school feeding programme in northwest Bangladesh. We investigated this outbreak to describe the illness in terms of person, place and time, develop the timeline of events, and determine the cause and community perceptions regarding the outbreak.MethodsWe defined case-patients as students from affected schools reporting any two symptoms including abdominal pain, heartburn, bitter taste, and headache after eating biscuits on the day of illness. We conducted in-depth interviews and group discussions with students, teachers, parents and community members to explore symptoms, exposures, and community perceptions. We conducted a questionnaire survey among case-patients to determine the symptoms and ascertain food items eaten 12 hours before illness onset, and microbiological and environmental investigations.ResultsAmong 142 students seeking hospital care, 44 students from four schools qualified as case-patients. Of these, we surveyed 30 who had a mean age of 9 years; 70% (21/30) were females. Predominant symptoms included abdominal pain (93%), heartburn (90%), and bitter taste (57%). All students recovered within a few hours. No pathogenic Vibrio cholerae, Shigella or Salmonellaspp. were isolated from collected stool samples. We found no rancid biscuits in schools and storage sites. The female index case perceived the unusually darker packet label as a \u201cdevil\u2019s deed\u201d that made the biscuits poisonous. Many students, parents and community members reported concerns about rumors of students dying from biscuit poisoning.ConclusionsRapid onset, followed by rapid recovery of symptoms; female preponderance; inconsistent physical, microbiological and environmental findings suggested mass sociogenic illness rather than a foodborne or toxic cause. Rumours of student deaths heightening community anxiety apparently propagated this outbreak. Sharing investigation results and reassuring students and parents through health communication campaigns could limit similar future outbreaks and help retain beneficiaries\u2019 trust on nutrition supplementation initiatives.2013690

MODELING PREDICTION OF IONOSPHERIC CHARACTERISTICS NONLINEAR AUTOREGRESSION AND NEURAL NETWORK

The terrestrial ionosphere from D-region (60 km) to F-region (500 km) plays an important role in radio wave propagation between the Earth and ionosphere. During the last half-century, a considerable experimental, theoretical, and modeling efforts have been made to understand the physical process occurred in the ionosphere at different altitudes. Radio sensing techniques is widely used to continuously monitor the ionospheric conditions. For example, the ionospheric property in the F2 layer is obtained by a vertical sounding so-called Ionosonde. Properties of the D layer (the lower end of the ionosphere) is effectively obtained by receiving VLF/LF transmitter signals. Although, the ionospheric condition varies both in time and space due to various external forcings from the atmosphere and space weather parameters, quantitative information of contributions influencing the ionosphere from every external forcing have not understood well. In this thesis nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input and neural network is applied first time to identify the ionospheric characteristics based on the VLF radio wave propagation and ionosonde. One step ahead prediction of the daily nighttime means of VLF electric amplitude in three different latitude paths and two receiving stations by using NARXNN has been carried out. The relative contribution to the ionospheric conditions (VLF electric amplitude variability) from every external forcing has been revealed. Moreover, the proposed model extends for multi-step ahead prediction to evaluate the performance of prediction accuracy for five and ten days ahead. The temporal dependence of F2-region critical frequency (foF2) has been predicted by using the same approach as used for the VLF signals. Physical interpretation of relative contribution to the ionospheric conditions from major external forcing parameters have been made. The results of this thesis can be used to detect anomalies in relation with severe weather, major seismic activity, and space weather to mitigate damages and human victims. Furthermore, we investigate the coupling from external sources between the D- and F-region in the middle-latitude path