From screen to shelf : perspectives on independent distribution

Of the three broadly defined sectors which make up the British film industry, the academy has tended to focus its attention on production and exhibition, giving comparatively short shrift to matters of distribution. Certainly, the current role of the independent distributor in the UK is, to say the least, under-examined. Academic interest in the work of the distributor tends to stop at their marketing campaigns and, as an extension, their attempts to connect with and sell a film to the public. The relationship between the distributor and the exhibitor, and the process of negotiation which takes place between them, have been largely ignored. Since around 1999, with the burgeoning of the DVD market, UK distributors have gradually expanded their home entertainment divisions, becoming as invested in the retail sector as is the music industry and devoting as much energy (if not as much money) to a film’s release on DVD as to its theatrical launch. Again, academic material on the video and DVD industries is scant, with those studies which do exist, such as Paul McDonald’s Video and DVD Industries (2007), focusing primarily on the US and the major studios

Conversion Efficiencies of Heteronuclear Feshbach Molecules

We study the conversion efficiency of heteronuclear Feshbach molecules in population imbalanced atomic gases formed by ramping the magnetic field adiabatically. We extend the recent work [J. E. Williams et al., New J. Phys., 8, 150 (2006)] on the theory of Feshbach molecule formations to various combinations of quantum statistics of each atomic component. A simple calculation for a harmonically trapped ideal gas is in good agreement with the recent experiment [S. B. Papp and C. E. Wieman, Phys. Rev. Lett., 97, 180404 (2006)] without any fitting parameters. We also give the conversion efficiency as an explicit function of initial peak phase space density of the majority species for population imbalanced gases. In the low-density region where Bose-Einstein condensation does not appear, the conversion efficiency is a monotonic function of the initial peak phase space density, but independent of statistics of a minority component. The quantum statistics of majority atoms has a significant effect on the conversion efficiency. In addition, Bose-Einstein condensation of an atomic component is the key element determining the maximum conversion efficiency.Comment: 46 pages, 32 figure

Toronto’s Hippie Disease: End Days in the Yorkville Scene, August 1968

In mid-summer, 1968, the idea that the hip Yorkville district represented a pox on the face of Toronto became a kind of reality: Hepatitis appeared to be taking over the scene. Throughout the 1960s, Yorkville had been framed as a neighborhood at risk, a symbolically “sick community” by its many detractors. It had been variously described as a “festering sore” and a “madhouse” by city fathers. But with an apparent Hepatitis epidemic came the opportunity to establish Yorkville as a new variety of illness. Yorkville was no longer figuratively sick, it was now quite literally infected. Throughout the month of August, 1968, Yorkville’s hip youth culture became the lepers of Toronto. Even though when by September all evidence showed that the Hepatitis rate in Yorkville was in no way indicative of an epidemic – all but two of the Villagers tested turned out to be intravenous drug users, signifying that the disease was being spread through dirty needles, not food or water – the damage was done, and Yorkville’s hip scene would never recover. Interrogating this pivotal episode in the Yorkville narrative, this paper explores the role of local media in the acceleration and dissemination of fears associated with a Hepatitis outbreak that, really, never was.Au milieu de l’été 1968, l’idée que le district branché de Yorkville représente un bouton au milieu du visage de Toronto devient réalité: l’hépatite semble occuper le devant de la scène. Au cours des années 1960, les nombreux détracteurs de Yorkville qualifient l’endroit de quartier à risque, une “communauté symboliquement malade”. Les édiles urbains en parlent entre autres comme d’une “plaie purulente” et d’une “maison de fous”. Mais, avec l’apparente épidémie d'hépatite, se présente l’occasion d’implanter l’idée que Yorkville est un nouveau genre de maladie. Yorkville n’est plus malade au sens figuré, il est maintenant littéralement infecté. Au cours du mois d’août 1968, les jeunes branchés de Yorkville deviennent les lépreux de Toronto. Au mois de septembre, il semble évident que le taux d’hépatite à Yorkville n’indique aucunement qu’il y a épidémie – toute la population est contrôlée et on ne découvre que deux utilisateurs de drogues injectables parmi elle. Ce résultat signifie que la maladie est transmise par des aiguilles usagées, et non par les aliments ou l’eau, mais le dommage est déjà fait, et Yorkville ne s’en remettra jamais. Interrogation sur cette période charnière de l’histoire de Yorkville, l’article examine le rôle des médias locaux quant à l’accélération et à la propagation des peurs associée au commencement d'une épidémie d’hépatite qui, en réalité, n’a jamais eu lieu

ENDOTOXIN AS ADJUVATOR TO THE TRANSPLANTATION OF A MOUSE MAMMARY TUMOR

The mouse mammary tumor MT 296 was used in a further series of experiments on the implantation of tumor, plated out in vivo, from suspensions of individual cells. Lipopolysaccharide from S. typhosa was shown to exert an adjuvator influence. But this adjuvator, an endotoxin, had no direct effect on the suspended tumor cells, unlike the liver preparations previously reported. Lipopolysaccharide from S. typhosa was shown to act on the host. It made the host's connective tissue expanses more susceptible to successful implantation by the tumor cells. It did this only if present at the time these connective tissue expanses were split. The increased susceptibility, caused by splitting the connective tissue expanses in the presence of lipopolysaccharide, declined quickly after 24 hr. The structural changes wrought upon the connective tissues by splitting them in the presence of lipopolysaccharide are described. They show kinship to a Schwartzman reaction of the local type. Their possible role in the adjuvator effect on the plating of single cell suspensions of this tumor is discussed

Vertical Coordination: A Transactions Cost Approach

Vertical coordination has been shown to be superior to vertical integration as an element of industrial structure. In this paper, the effects of transaction costs on vertical coordination are investigated. The results confirm the theoretical expectation that transaction costs are the primary motivation for vertical coordination