14 research outputs found

    Mycobacterium tuberculosis peptides presented by HLA-E molecules are targets for human CD8 T-cells with cytotoxic as well as regulatory activity

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    Tuberculosis (TB) is an escalating global health problem and improved vaccines against TB are urgently needed. HLA-E restricted responses may be of interest for vaccine development since HLA-E displays very limited polymorphism (only 2 coding variants exist), and is not down-regulated by HIV-infection. The peptides from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) potentially presented by HLA-E molecules, however, are unknown. Here we describe human T-cell responses to Mtb-derived peptides containing predicted HLA-E binding motifs and binding-affinity for HLA-E. We observed CD8(+) T-cell proliferation to the majority of the 69 peptides tested in Mtb responsive adults as well as in BCG-vaccinated infants. CD8(+) T-cells were cytotoxic against target-cells transfected with HLA-E only in the presence of specific peptide. These T cells were also able to lyse M. bovis BCG infected, but not control monocytes, suggesting recognition of antigens during mycobacterial infection. In addition, peptide induced CD8(+) T-cells also displayed regulatory activity, since they inhibited T-cell proliferation. This regulatory activity was cell contact-dependent, and at least partly dependent on membrane-bound TGF-beta. Our results significantly increase our understanding of the human immune response to Mtb by identification of CD8(+) T-cell responses to novel HLA-E binding peptides of Mtb, which have cytotoxic as well as immunoregulatory activity

    Att ligga som förÀldrarna bÀddar : En kvantitativ studie om ungdomars sexuella handlingsutrymme

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    Sammanfattning Denna studie avser att undersöka ungdomars sexuella handlingsutrymme. Syftet Ă€r att studera om det sexuella handlingsutrymmet uppfattas olika nĂ€r det gĂ€ller ungdomar med, respektive utan, en lindrig intellektuell funktionsnedsĂ€ttning. I analysen har sĂ€rskild hĂ€nsyn tagits till tre bakgrundsfaktorer; ungdomars kön, förĂ€ldrars födelseland samt förĂ€ldrars religiositet. Definitionen av det sexuella handlingsutrymmet bygger pĂ„ den unges uppfattning om vĂ„rdnadshavarens restriktioner gentemot den unge inom fyra omrĂ„den; restriktioner i skolan och pĂ„ fritiden, begrĂ€nsningar i heterosexuella förĂ€ktenskapliga relationer, begrĂ€nsningar i val av framtida Ă€ktenskapspartner samt begrĂ€nsningar i sexuella relationer innan Ă€ktenskap. Studien bygger pĂ„ en sekundĂ€ranalys av kvantitativt datamaterial hĂ€mtat frĂ„n tvĂ„ tidigare studier, Schlytter m.fl. (2009) samt Davidian m.fl. (2012). Det sammanslagna datamaterialet bestĂ„r av 2576 respondenter frĂ„n Ă„rskurs nio i Stockholms stad samt frĂ„n det nationella programmet pĂ„ gymnasiesĂ€rskolor i Stockholm, Göteborg, Malmö och Uppsala. FrĂ„gor som i datamaterialet berör restriktioner i skolan och pĂ„ fritiden, begrĂ€nsningar i heterosexuella förĂ€ktenskapliga relationer, begrĂ€nsningar i val av framtida Ă€ktenskapspartner samt begrĂ€nsningar i sexuella relationer innan Ă€ktenskap har bearbetats. Analysen av materialet har gjorts utifrĂ„n tidigare forskning samt teorin om socialkonstruktivism dĂ€r respektabilitet, sexuella script samt det romantiska kĂ€rlekskomplexet och kĂ€rleksideologin varit framtrĂ€dande begrepp/teorier. Studien visar tre huvudsakliga resultat. För det första att ungdomar med intellektuell funktionsnedsĂ€ttning uppfattar större begrĂ€sningar nĂ€r det gĂ€ller sexuella relationer innan Ă€ktenskap Ă€n vad ungdomar utan en intellektuell funktionsnedsĂ€ttning. För det andra att ungdomar utan intellektuell funktionsnedsĂ€ttning uppfattar större begrĂ€nsningar i valet av sin framtida Ă€ktenskapspartner. Slutligen indikerar resultatet att nĂ€r hĂ€nsyn tas till om ungdomar har förĂ€ldrar med hög religiositet, eller tvĂ„ utlandsfödda förĂ€ldrar, sĂ„ Ă€r skillnaderna mellan ungdomar med och utan intellektuell funktionsnedsĂ€ttning smĂ„. Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate adolescents’ understandings of opportunities to enact their sexuality both when a mild intellectual disability is present, and is not. In addressing the aim, three background factors have been taken into consideration; gender, parents country of birth and parents religiosity. In determining adolescents understanding of opportunities to enact their sexuality, the study looked at four outcomes; restrictions on schooling and leisure time, the restriction of heterosexual relations before marriage, restrictions in the choice of future husband or wife and restrictions in sexual relations before marriage. The study is based on quantitative data from two previous studies; Schlytter et.al. (2009) and Davidian et.al. (2012). The database contains 2576 respondents from the ninth grade in Stockholm and from the national programs in secondary special school in Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmo and Uppsala. Variables that handles restrictions in school and on leisure time, restriction in heterosexual relation before marriage, restrictions in the choice of future husband or wife and restriction in sexual relations before marriage has been processed. The results of the study is analysed based on the theory of social constructivism where respectability, sexual script and romantic love and love ideology has been prominent. The study has three major findings. Firstly, adolescents with a mild intellectual disability experience restrictions in sexual relations before marriage more frequently than adolescents without an intellectual disability. Secondly, adolescents without an intellectual disability experience more limitations concerning the ability too freely choose a future husband or wife by themselves in comparison to adolescents with an intellectual disability. Lastly, the results indicate that the difference between adolescents with or without an intellectual disability and ‘room to act’ in relation to sexuality are small when the adolescents’ parents are born outside of Sweden or are considered by the adolescent to be very religious

    Att ligga som förÀldrarna bÀddar : En kvantitativ studie om ungdomars sexuella handlingsutrymme

    No full text
    Sammanfattning Denna studie avser att undersöka ungdomars sexuella handlingsutrymme. Syftet Ă€r att studera om det sexuella handlingsutrymmet uppfattas olika nĂ€r det gĂ€ller ungdomar med, respektive utan, en lindrig intellektuell funktionsnedsĂ€ttning. I analysen har sĂ€rskild hĂ€nsyn tagits till tre bakgrundsfaktorer; ungdomars kön, förĂ€ldrars födelseland samt förĂ€ldrars religiositet. Definitionen av det sexuella handlingsutrymmet bygger pĂ„ den unges uppfattning om vĂ„rdnadshavarens restriktioner gentemot den unge inom fyra omrĂ„den; restriktioner i skolan och pĂ„ fritiden, begrĂ€nsningar i heterosexuella förĂ€ktenskapliga relationer, begrĂ€nsningar i val av framtida Ă€ktenskapspartner samt begrĂ€nsningar i sexuella relationer innan Ă€ktenskap. Studien bygger pĂ„ en sekundĂ€ranalys av kvantitativt datamaterial hĂ€mtat frĂ„n tvĂ„ tidigare studier, Schlytter m.fl. (2009) samt Davidian m.fl. (2012). Det sammanslagna datamaterialet bestĂ„r av 2576 respondenter frĂ„n Ă„rskurs nio i Stockholms stad samt frĂ„n det nationella programmet pĂ„ gymnasiesĂ€rskolor i Stockholm, Göteborg, Malmö och Uppsala. FrĂ„gor som i datamaterialet berör restriktioner i skolan och pĂ„ fritiden, begrĂ€nsningar i heterosexuella förĂ€ktenskapliga relationer, begrĂ€nsningar i val av framtida Ă€ktenskapspartner samt begrĂ€nsningar i sexuella relationer innan Ă€ktenskap har bearbetats. Analysen av materialet har gjorts utifrĂ„n tidigare forskning samt teorin om socialkonstruktivism dĂ€r respektabilitet, sexuella script samt det romantiska kĂ€rlekskomplexet och kĂ€rleksideologin varit framtrĂ€dande begrepp/teorier. Studien visar tre huvudsakliga resultat. För det första att ungdomar med intellektuell funktionsnedsĂ€ttning uppfattar större begrĂ€sningar nĂ€r det gĂ€ller sexuella relationer innan Ă€ktenskap Ă€n vad ungdomar utan en intellektuell funktionsnedsĂ€ttning. För det andra att ungdomar utan intellektuell funktionsnedsĂ€ttning uppfattar större begrĂ€nsningar i valet av sin framtida Ă€ktenskapspartner. Slutligen indikerar resultatet att nĂ€r hĂ€nsyn tas till om ungdomar har förĂ€ldrar med hög religiositet, eller tvĂ„ utlandsfödda förĂ€ldrar, sĂ„ Ă€r skillnaderna mellan ungdomar med och utan intellektuell funktionsnedsĂ€ttning smĂ„. Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate adolescents’ understandings of opportunities to enact their sexuality both when a mild intellectual disability is present, and is not. In addressing the aim, three background factors have been taken into consideration; gender, parents country of birth and parents religiosity. In determining adolescents understanding of opportunities to enact their sexuality, the study looked at four outcomes; restrictions on schooling and leisure time, the restriction of heterosexual relations before marriage, restrictions in the choice of future husband or wife and restrictions in sexual relations before marriage. The study is based on quantitative data from two previous studies; Schlytter et.al. (2009) and Davidian et.al. (2012). The database contains 2576 respondents from the ninth grade in Stockholm and from the national programs in secondary special school in Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmo and Uppsala. Variables that handles restrictions in school and on leisure time, restriction in heterosexual relation before marriage, restrictions in the choice of future husband or wife and restriction in sexual relations before marriage has been processed. The results of the study is analysed based on the theory of social constructivism where respectability, sexual script and romantic love and love ideology has been prominent. The study has three major findings. Firstly, adolescents with a mild intellectual disability experience restrictions in sexual relations before marriage more frequently than adolescents without an intellectual disability. Secondly, adolescents without an intellectual disability experience more limitations concerning the ability too freely choose a future husband or wife by themselves in comparison to adolescents with an intellectual disability. Lastly, the results indicate that the difference between adolescents with or without an intellectual disability and ‘room to act’ in relation to sexuality are small when the adolescents’ parents are born outside of Sweden or are considered by the adolescent to be very religious

    Att ligga som förÀldrarna bÀddar : En kvantitativ studie om ungdomars sexuella handlingsutrymme

    No full text
    Sammanfattning Denna studie avser att undersöka ungdomars sexuella handlingsutrymme. Syftet Ă€r att studera om det sexuella handlingsutrymmet uppfattas olika nĂ€r det gĂ€ller ungdomar med, respektive utan, en lindrig intellektuell funktionsnedsĂ€ttning. I analysen har sĂ€rskild hĂ€nsyn tagits till tre bakgrundsfaktorer; ungdomars kön, förĂ€ldrars födelseland samt förĂ€ldrars religiositet. Definitionen av det sexuella handlingsutrymmet bygger pĂ„ den unges uppfattning om vĂ„rdnadshavarens restriktioner gentemot den unge inom fyra omrĂ„den; restriktioner i skolan och pĂ„ fritiden, begrĂ€nsningar i heterosexuella förĂ€ktenskapliga relationer, begrĂ€nsningar i val av framtida Ă€ktenskapspartner samt begrĂ€nsningar i sexuella relationer innan Ă€ktenskap. Studien bygger pĂ„ en sekundĂ€ranalys av kvantitativt datamaterial hĂ€mtat frĂ„n tvĂ„ tidigare studier, Schlytter m.fl. (2009) samt Davidian m.fl. (2012). Det sammanslagna datamaterialet bestĂ„r av 2576 respondenter frĂ„n Ă„rskurs nio i Stockholms stad samt frĂ„n det nationella programmet pĂ„ gymnasiesĂ€rskolor i Stockholm, Göteborg, Malmö och Uppsala. FrĂ„gor som i datamaterialet berör restriktioner i skolan och pĂ„ fritiden, begrĂ€nsningar i heterosexuella förĂ€ktenskapliga relationer, begrĂ€nsningar i val av framtida Ă€ktenskapspartner samt begrĂ€nsningar i sexuella relationer innan Ă€ktenskap har bearbetats. Analysen av materialet har gjorts utifrĂ„n tidigare forskning samt teorin om socialkonstruktivism dĂ€r respektabilitet, sexuella script samt det romantiska kĂ€rlekskomplexet och kĂ€rleksideologin varit framtrĂ€dande begrepp/teorier. Studien visar tre huvudsakliga resultat. För det första att ungdomar med intellektuell funktionsnedsĂ€ttning uppfattar större begrĂ€sningar nĂ€r det gĂ€ller sexuella relationer innan Ă€ktenskap Ă€n vad ungdomar utan en intellektuell funktionsnedsĂ€ttning. För det andra att ungdomar utan intellektuell funktionsnedsĂ€ttning uppfattar större begrĂ€nsningar i valet av sin framtida Ă€ktenskapspartner. Slutligen indikerar resultatet att nĂ€r hĂ€nsyn tas till om ungdomar har förĂ€ldrar med hög religiositet, eller tvĂ„ utlandsfödda förĂ€ldrar, sĂ„ Ă€r skillnaderna mellan ungdomar med och utan intellektuell funktionsnedsĂ€ttning smĂ„. Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate adolescents’ understandings of opportunities to enact their sexuality both when a mild intellectual disability is present, and is not. In addressing the aim, three background factors have been taken into consideration; gender, parents country of birth and parents religiosity. In determining adolescents understanding of opportunities to enact their sexuality, the study looked at four outcomes; restrictions on schooling and leisure time, the restriction of heterosexual relations before marriage, restrictions in the choice of future husband or wife and restrictions in sexual relations before marriage. The study is based on quantitative data from two previous studies; Schlytter et.al. (2009) and Davidian et.al. (2012). The database contains 2576 respondents from the ninth grade in Stockholm and from the national programs in secondary special school in Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmo and Uppsala. Variables that handles restrictions in school and on leisure time, restriction in heterosexual relation before marriage, restrictions in the choice of future husband or wife and restriction in sexual relations before marriage has been processed. The results of the study is analysed based on the theory of social constructivism where respectability, sexual script and romantic love and love ideology has been prominent. The study has three major findings. Firstly, adolescents with a mild intellectual disability experience restrictions in sexual relations before marriage more frequently than adolescents without an intellectual disability. Secondly, adolescents without an intellectual disability experience more limitations concerning the ability too freely choose a future husband or wife by themselves in comparison to adolescents with an intellectual disability. Lastly, the results indicate that the difference between adolescents with or without an intellectual disability and ‘room to act’ in relation to sexuality are small when the adolescents’ parents are born outside of Sweden or are considered by the adolescent to be very religious

    Sickle cell disease caused by heterozygosity for Hb S and novel LCR deletion: Report of two patients

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    The ÎČ-globin gene LCR is located ∌6 kb upstream of the embryonic Δ-globin gene, and is made up of five DNase I hypersensitive sites (HSs), HS 1-5. LCR plays a pivotal role in regulating the expression of downstream Δ-, GÎł-, AÎł-, ÎŽ-, and ÎČ-globin genes in cis [1]. Deletions removing the LCR and parts of the downstream ÎČ-globin gene cluster in patients have been described [2]. These individuals present with a (γΎÎČ)0-thalassemia carrier phenotype. We now report two patients with severe sickle cell disease who were compound heterozygous for Hb S mutation and novel LCR deletion. In one case, HS 1-3 were deleted; in the other, HS 1-5 were deleted. In both cases, the ÎČ-like globin genes in cis to the LCR deletions were intact. Genotypically, both patients appeared to have sickle cell trait. Coinherited with either LCR deletion, these individuals presented as sickle cell disease patients. The breakpoints of these LCR deletions were defined. These results affirm that HS 2 and 3 are primarily responsible for conferring erythroid specific high-level expression of cis-linked ÎČ-like globin genes. Furthermore, LCR deletions might cause hemolytic disease of newborns.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

    Cardiovascular Risk Following Conversion to Belatacept From a Calcineurin Inhibitor in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Randomized Clinical TrialPlain-Language Summary

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    Rationale & Objective: In kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), a belatacept-based immunosuppressive regimen is associated with beneficial effects on cardiovascular (CV) risk factors compared with calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)–based regimens. Our objective was to compare the calculated CV risk between belatacept and CNI (predominantly tacrolimus) treatments using a validated model developed for KTRs. Study Design: Prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, investigator-initiated, international multicenter trial. Setting & Participants: KTRs aged 18-80 years with a stable graft function (estimated glomerular filtration rate > 20 mL/min/1.73 m2), 3-60 months after transplantation, treated with tacrolimus or cyclosporine A, were eligible for inclusion. Intervention: Continuation with a CNI-based regimen or switch to belatacept for 12 months. Outcomes: Comparison of the change in the estimated 7-year risk of major adverse CV events and all-cause mortality, changes in traditional markers of CV health, as well as measures of arterial stiffness. Results: Among the 105 KTRs randomized, we found no differences between the treatment groups in the predicted risk for major adverse CV events or mortality. Diastolic blood pressure, measured both centrally by using a SphygmoCor device and peripherally, was lower after the belatacept treatment than after the CNI treatment. The mean changes in traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, including kidney transplant function, were otherwise similar in both the treatment groups. The belatacept group had 4 acute rejection episodes; 2 were severe rejections, of which 1 led to graft loss. Limitations: The heterogeneous baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate and time from transplantation to trial enrollment in the participants. A limited study duration of 1 year. Conclusions: We found no effects on the calculated CV risk by switching to the belatacept treatment. Participants in the belatacept group had not only lower central and peripheral diastolic blood pressure but also a higher rejection rate. Funding: The trial has received a financial grant from Bristol-Myers Squibb. Trial Registration: EudraCT no. 2013-001178-20
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