Trabeculated myocardium in healthy adults : a first step in understanding the diagnosis of non-compaction cardiomyopathy by magnetic resonance

La cardiomyopathie non-compacté (NCC) est une maladie rare avec des critères diagnostiques basés sur la détection de l’augmentation du myocarde trabeculé par échocardiographie. L’imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) est devenue la méthode de référence pour étudier la fonction et la morphologie du cœur compte tenu de sa meilleure résolution spatiale et temporale. Toutefois, les critères diagnostiques de NCC que nous utilisons en ce moment en IRM ont été tirés d’études en échocardiographie. Ceci pourrait impliquer une augmentation de l’incidence de nouveaux cas de NCC, de même que la positivité chez les adultes en santé. Le présent travail a voulu étudier la “normalité” par IRM en termes de présence et de distribution de myocarde trabeculé chez les adultes en santé et déterminer la présence des associations entre le myocarde trabeculé et les paramètres de fonction cardiaque.Non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCC) is a rare entity that is currently diagnosed for the most part by echocardiography in cases of an increased layer of trabeculated myocardium. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) became the gold standard imaging technique in the study of cardiac function and morphology due to its high spatial and temporal resolution. However, diagnostic NCC criteria developped for echocardiography have been directly applied to MRI in the abscence of a standard definition of trabeculated myocardium. This direct application of echocardiography criteria to MRI may have led to an increased incidence of new NCC cases. The aim of this present work is to clarify clinical practice by determining normality by MRI in terms of presence and distribution of trabeculated myocardium in healthy adults and determine if any association exist between the presence and extension of trabeculated myocardium and cardiac function

Socioeconomic Status and Prognosis of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Managed by the Emergency-Intervention “Codi IAM” Network

Inequalities; Mortality; Primary percutaneous coronary interventionDesigualdades; Mortalidad; Intervención coronaria percutánea primariaDesigualtats; Mortalitat; Intervenció coronària percutània primàriaBackground: Despite the spread of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) emergency intervention networks, inequalities in healthcare access still have a negative impact on cardiovascular prognosis. The Family Income Ratio of Barcelona (FIRB) is a socioeconomic status (SES) indicator that is annually calculated. Our aim was to evaluate whether SES had an effect on mortality and complications in patients managed by the “Codi IAM” network in Barcelona. Methods: This is a cohort study with 3,322 consecutive patients with STEMI treated in Barcelona from 2010 to 2016. Collected data include treatment delays, clinical and risk factor characteristics, and SES. The patients were assigned to three SES groups according to FIRB score. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the adjusted effect of SES on 30-day mortality, 30-day composite cardiovascular end point, and 1-year mortality. Results: The mean age of the patients was 65 ± 13% years, 25% were women, and 21% had diabetes mellitus. Patients with low SES were younger, more often hypertensive, diabetic, dyslipidemic (p < 0.003), had longer reperfusion delays (p < 0.03) compared to participants with higher SES. Low SES was not independently associated with 30-day mortality (OR: 0.95;9 5% CI: 0.7–1.3), 30-day cardiovascular composite end point (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.84–1.26), or 1-year all-cause mortality (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.76–1.56). Conclusion: Although the low-SES patients with STEMI in Barcelona city were younger, had worse clinical profiles, and had longer revascularization delays, their 30-day and 1-year outcomes were comparable to those of the higher-SES patients.This project was supported by the CIBERCV of research on cardiovascular diseases personnel hired with its resources

Persistence with dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: a population-based cohort study in Catalonia (Spain)

Objectives: Guidelines recommending 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients with ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (STEACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were published in year 2012. We aimed to describe the influence of guideline implementation on the trend in 12-month persistence with DAPT between 2010 and 2015 and to evaluate its relationship with DAPT duration regimens recommended at discharge from PCI hospitals. Design: Observational study based on region-wide registry data linked to pharmacy billing data for DAPT follow-up. Setting: All PCI hospitals (10) belonging to the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) code network in Catalonia (Spain). Participants: 10 711 STEACS patients undergoing PCI between 2010 and 2015 were followed up. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Primary outcome was 12-month persistence with DAPT. Calendar year quarter, publication of guidelines, DAPT duration regimen recommended in the hospital discharge report, baseline patient characteristics and significant interactions were included in mixed-effects logistic regression based interrupted time-series models. Results: The proportion of patients on-DAPT at 12 months increased from 58% (56-60) in 2010 to 73% (71-75) in 2015. The rate of 12-month persistence with DAPT significantly increased after the publication of clinical guidelines with a time lag of 1 year (OR=1.20; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.30). A higher risk profile, more extensive and complex coronary disease, use of drug-eluting stents (OR=1.90; 95% CI 1.50 to 2.40) and a 12-month DAPT regimen recommendation at discharge from the PCI hospital (OR=5.76; 95% CI 3.26 to 10.2) were associated with 12-month persistence. Conclusion: Persistence with 12-month DAPT has increased since publication of clinical guidelines. Even though most patients were discharged on DAPT, only 73% with potential indication were on-DAPT 12 months after PCI. A guideline-based recommendation at PCI hospital discharge was highly associated with full persistence with DAPT. Establishing evidence-based, common prescribing criteria across hospitals in the AMI-network would favour adherence and reduce variability

Intracoronary imaging: review and clinical use

ABSTRACT Invasive coronary angiography is the standard approach in the routine clinical practice. Intracoronary imaging modalities provide real-time images of intracoronary anatomy. On this basis, optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound have a positive impact on diagnosis and percutaneous coronary intervention. This summary provides an insight on these imaging modalities for the interventional and clinical cardiologist with the currently available evidence

Imagen intracoronaria: revisión y utilidad clínica

RESUMEN La coronariograf&#x00ED;a es el m&#x00E9;todo de elecci&#x00F3;n para el estudio de la anatom&#x00ED;a coronaria en la pr&#x00E1;ctica cl&#x00ED;nica diaria. Las diferentes modalidades de imagen intracoronaria permiten valorar en tiempo real la anatom&#x00ED;a de la pared arterial coronaria. Sobre esta base, la tomograf&#x00ED;a de coherencia &#x00F3;ptica y la ecograf&#x00ED;a intravascular tienen un impacto positivo en el diagn&#x00F3;stico y en el intervencionismo percut&#x00E1;neo. La presente revisi&#x00F3;n proporciona un resumen de las t&#x00E9;cnicas de imagen intracoronaria basadas en la evidencia actual disponible

Opciones actuales para el tratamiento de las lesiones calcificadas

Severe coronary calcium increases the complexity of percutaneous coronary interventions. It may affect the adequate preparation of the lesion, proper stent expansion and apposition and increase the risk of stent thrombosis and restenosis. The techniques available for the management of severe calcified lesions can be divided into 2 groups: non-balloon and balloon-based technologies. Rotational atherectomy has been the predominant technique to treat severe calcified lesions. As a matter of fact, there are new devices available that facilitate the modification of the plaque such as the new lithoplasty balloon that involves the use of highenergy mechanical pulses to crack coronary calcium. Coronary lithoplasty is an easy technique with a short learning curve that seems to be more effective on deep calcium by increasing luminal compliance. This may revolutionize the standard approach for the management of severe calcified coronary lesions. Also, the role of intravascular imaging is essential to select the most appropriate plaque-modification device and assess the optimal stent result. This review provides an overview of the techniques available and evidence on the currently approved devices to treat calcified lesions.El calcio coronario aumenta la complejidad del intervencionismo coronario percutáneo. La calcificación grave dificulta la preparación de la lesión, impide la adecuada expansión y la aposición del stent, y aumenta el riesgo de trombosis y de reestenosis. Las técnicas de modificación de placa se pueden dividir en 2 tipos según el tipo de dispositivo: sin balón y con balón. La aterectomía rotacional ha sido la técnica por excelencia para el tratamiento de lesiones gravemente calcificadas. Actualmente existen nuevos dispositivos que facilitan la preparación de la lesión, como el novedoso balón de litoplastia, que utiliza pulsos de alta energía mecánica para fragmentar el calcio coronario. La litoplastia coronaria es una técnica sencilla, con una curva de aprendizaje corta, que parece tener efecto sobre el calcio profundo y aumentar la distensibilidad luminal, lo que podría suponer un gran cambio en el enfoque del tratamiento de las lesiones calcificadas. Cabe destacar la relevancia de la imagen intravascular al seleccionar el dispositivo de modificación de placa más adecuado, así como para evaluar el resultado final del stent. Esta revisión proporciona una visión general sobre las técnicas disponibles y la evidencia de los dispositivos aprobados para el tratamiento de las lesiones calcificadas

Intracoronary lithotripsy for calcific neoatherosclerotic in-stent restenosis : a case report

In-stent restenosis is a difficult percutaneous scenario if calcific neoatherosclerosis is the underlying aetiology. A 69-year-old diabetic woman with a previous percutaneous coronary intervention on the left anterior descending coronary artery was readmitted for non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. In-stent restenosis due to calcific neoatherosclerosis was observed by intracoronary imaging during the intervention. Intravascular lithotripsy was used successfully to fracture the underlying calcific plaque. However, the balloon ruptured during treatment although this did not damage the artery. Intravascular lithotripsy is a promising tool for the treatment of extremely calcified lesions including calcific neoatherosclerosis of in-stent restenosis. Balloon rupture is a complication of this new percutaneous treatment that has not previously been described

Intracoronary lithotripsy for calcific neoatherosclerotic in-stent restenosis: a case report

Background: In-stent restenosis is a difficult percutaneous scenario if calcific neoatherosclerosis is the underlying aetiology. Case summary: A 69-year-old diabetic woman with a previous percutaneous coronary intervention on the left anterior descending coronary artery was readmitted for non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. In-stent restenosis due to calcific neoatherosclerosis was observed by intracoronary imaging during the intervention. Intravascular lithotripsy was used successfully to fracture the underlying calcific plaque. However, the balloon ruptured during treatment although this did not damage the artery. Discussion: Intravascular lithotripsy is a promising tool for the treatment of extremely calcified lesions including calcific neoatherosclerosis of in-stent restenosis. Balloon rupture is a complication of this new percutaneous treatment that has not previously been described