Influence of external magnetic fields on growth of alloy nanoclusters

Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations are performed to study the influence of external magnetic fields on the growth of magnetic fcc binary alloy nanoclusters with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The underlying kinetic model is designed to describe essential structural and magnetic properties of CoPt_3-type clusters grown on a weakly interacting substrate through molecular beam epitaxy. The results suggest that perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be enhanced when the field is applied during growth. For equilibrium bulk systems a significant shift of the onset temperature for L1_2 ordering is found, in agreement with predictions from Landau theory. Stronger field induced effects can be expected for magnetic fcc-alloys undergoing L1_0 ordering.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

The systematic position of Plagiochila moritziana, P. trichostoma and P. deflexa based on ITS sequence variation of nuclear ribosomal DNA, morphology, and lipophilic secondary metabolites

According to phylogenetic analyses of nrDNA ITS1 and ITS2 sequences (including the 5.8S unit) the Neotropical Plagiochila moritziana, P. rutilans var. rutilans, P. rutilans var. standleyi, P. trichostoma (= P. permista, syn. nov.), and P. subtrinitensis form a monophyletic lineage and are placed in P. sect. Rutilantes; all five taxa lack a ca 20 base pair sequence that is present in all the taxa of the other Plagiochila sections investigated. The Central American P. subtrinitensis is treated as a synonym of the Hawaiian endemic P. deflexa. Plagiochila moritziana is excluded from sect. Fuscoluteae and reduced to a variety of P. rutilans; P. sect. Permistae is treated as a synonym of P. sect. Rutilantes. The sporophytes of P. trichostoma and P. deflexa are described for the first time. Fresh material of P. rutilans var. moritziana exhibits a distinct odor of peppermint caused by the presence of several menthane monoterpenoids, principally pulegone. The Central American P. rutilans var. standleyi is reported from Ecuador, new to South America. Lectotypes are designated for P. rutilans var. moritziana, P. subtrinitensis, and P. trichostoma

Rice-feeding insects and selected natural enemies in West Africa: Biology, ecology, identification

FOREWORD • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS • INTRODUCTION • RICE IN AFRICA • RICE-FEEDING INSECTS • CLIMATIC ZONES AND RICE ECOSYSTEMS AS HABITATS • CONSTRAINTS TO RICE PRODUCTION • SPECIES IN WEST AFRICA • DIRECT DAMAGE • ROLE IN DISEASE TRANSMISSION BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF RICE-FEEDING INSECTS ROOT FEEDERS : Mole crickets, Gryllotalpa africana Palisot de Beauvois; Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae • Root aphids, Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (Sasaki); Hemiptera (suborder Homoptera): Aphididae • Termites, Macrotermes, Microtermes, and Trinervitermes spp.; Isoptera: Termitidae • Black beetles, Heteronychus mosambicus Peringuey (= H. oryzae Britton); Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae • Rice water weevils, Afroryzophilus djibai Lyal; Coleoptera: Curculionidae • STEM BORERS : Stalk-eyed fly, Diopsis longicornis Macquart; Diptera: Diopsidae • Stalk-eyed fly, Diopsis apicalis Dalman; Diptera: Diopsidae • Stem borer, Pachylophus beckeri Curran; Diptera: Chloropidae • African striped rice borer, Chilo zacconius Bleszynski; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae • African white borer, Maliarpha separatella Ragonot; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae • Scirpophaga spp.; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae • African pink borers, Sesamia calamistis Hampson and S. nonagrioides botanephaga Tams and Bowden; Lepidoptera: Noctuidae AFRICAN RICE GALL MIDGE : Orseolia oryzivora Harris and Gagne; Diptera: Cecidomyiidae LEAFHOPPERS AND PLANTHOPPERS : Green leafhoppers, Nephotettix afer Ghauri and Nephotettix modulatus Melichar; Hemiptera: Cicadellidae • White rice leafhoppers, Cofana spectra (Distant) and C. unimaculata (Signoret); Hemiptera: Cicadellidae • White-winged planthopper, Nisia nervosa (Motschulsky); Hemiptera: Meenoplidae • Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata maeander Fennah; Hemiptera: Delphacidae • Rice delphacid, Tagosodes cubanus (Crawford); Hemiptera: Delphacidae • Spittlebugs, Locris maculata maculata Fabricius and L. rubra Fabricius; Hemiptera: Cercopidae FOLIAGE FEEDERS : Rice caseworm, Nymphula depunctalis (Guenée); Lepidoptera: Pyralidae • Rice leaffolders, Marasmia trapezalis (Guenée); Lepidoptera: Pyralidae • Green-horned caterpillar, Melanitis leda ismene Cramer; Lepidoptera: Satyridae • African rice hispids; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Flea beetles, Chaetocnema spp.; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae • Ladybird beetle, Chnootriba similis (Mulsant); Coleoptera: Coccinellidae • Leaf miner, Cerodontha orbitona (Spencer); Diptera: Agromyzidae • Rice whorl maggot, Hydrellia prosternalis Deeming; Diptera: Ephydridae • Rice grasshoppers : Short-horned grasshoppers, Hieroglyphus daganensis; Orthoptera: Acrididae • Short-horned grasshoppers, Oxya spp.; Orthoptera: Acrididae • Meadow grasshoppers, Conocephalus spp.; Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae • Variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus (L.); Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae • Whitefly, Aleurocybotus indicus David and Subramaniam; Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae • Spider mites, Oligonychus pratensis Banks, O. senegalensis Gutierrez and Etienne, Tetranychus neocaledonicus Andre; Acari: Tetranychidae INSECTS THAT ATTACK PANICLES : Earwigs, Diaperasticus erythrocephalus (Olivier); Dermaptera: Forficulidae • Blister beetles; Coleoptera: Meloidae • Panicle thrips, Haplothrips spp.; Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae • Stink bugs, Aspavia spp.; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae • Green stink bugs, Nezara viridula (L.); Hemiptera: Pentatomidae • Alydid bugs, Stenocoris spp., Mirperus spp. • and Riptortus; Hemiptera: Alydidae • Cotton stainers, Dysdercus spp.; Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae NATURAL ENEMIES OF WEST AFRICAN RICE-FEEDING INSECTS : INVENTORY OF NATURAL ENEMIES OF WEST AFRICAN RICE-FEEDING INSECTS: Predators • Parasitoids AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF SELECTED WEST AFRICAN RICE INSECTS AND SPIDERS: SECTION I: ORDERS BASED ON ADULTS • SECTION II: INSECTS • SECTION III: SPIDERS REFERENCES SUBJECT INDEX FOR THE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY AND NATURAL ENEMIES SECTION

Influência do magnésio na absorção de manganês e zinco por raízes destacadas de soja.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do Mg na absorção do Zn e do Mn em quatro cultivares de soja

Comparison of Bt (\u3ci\u3eBacillus thuringiensis\u3c/i\u3e Berliner) Maize and Conventional Measures for Control of the European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Field experiments were conducted in 1997 to compare the efficacy Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner) maize hybrids and two conventional measures for control of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner). Treatments consisted of transgenic Bt-maize hybrids and their non-Bt isolines, and isolines treated with a formulated Bt or permethrin insecticide. All control measures significantly reduced O. nubilalis damage in terms of tunnels per plant, length of tunneling, and larvae per plant. The following hierarchy in terms of O. nubilalis efficacy was observed: transgenic Bt \u3e permethrin \u3e formulated Bt \u3e control. In most cases, transgenic Bt maize was most effective in preventing European corn borer damage to ear shanks and generally produced the highest grain yields

Satellite Sounder Data Assimilation for Improving Alaska Region Weather Forecast

Data assimilation has been demonstrated very useful in improving both global and regional numerical weather prediction. Alaska has very coarser surface observation sites. On the other hand, it gets much more satellite overpass than lower 48 states. How to utilize satellite data to improve numerical prediction is one of hot topics among weather forecast community in Alaska. The Geographic Information Network of Alaska (GINA) at University of Alaska is conducting study on satellite data assimilation for WRF model. AIRS/CRIS sounder profile data are used to assimilate the initial condition for the customized regional WRF model (GINA-WRF model). Normalized standard deviation, RMSE, and correlation statistic analysis methods are applied to analyze one case of 48 hours forecasts and one month of 24-hour forecasts in order to evaluate the improvement of regional numerical model from Data assimilation. The final goal of the research is to provide improved real-time short-time forecast for Alaska regions

The birth of the Alps: Ediacaran to Paleozoic accretionary processes and crustal growth along the northern Gondwana margin

New whole-rock geochemical and coupled U–Pb and Lu–Hf LA-ICP-MS zircon data of metasedimentary rocks of the Austroalpine, South Alpine and Penninic basement domains are presented, to disentangle the pre-Variscan tectonic evolution of the proto-Alps. The studied units seem to record distinct stages of protracted Late Ediacaran to Carboniferous tectonosedimentary processes prior to the Variscan collision. In the case of Austroalpine and South Alpine units, nevertheless, no major differences in terms of provenance are observed, since most detrital zircon samples are characterized by a major Pan-African peak. Their detrital zircon spectra record a provenance from the northeastern Saharan Metacraton and the Sinai basement at the northern Arabian-Nubian Shield, being thus located along the eastern Early Paleozoic northern Gondwana margin, whereas sources located further west are inferred for the Penninic Unit, which might have been placed close to the Moldanubian Unit of the Bohemian Massif. In any case, it is thus clear that the Alpine basement remained in a close position to the Gondwana mainland at least during the Early Paleozoic. The Late Ediacaran to Silurian tectonic evolution, which includes Cadomian and Cenerian tectonometamorphic and magmatic processes, seem thus to record a continuum related to a retreating-mode accretionary orogen, with diachronous back-arc basin opening and possibly discrete compressional/transpressional pulses linked to changes in subduction zone dynamics. On the other hand, it is inferred that the Alpine basement essentially comprises Pan-African metasedimentary and subordinate metaigneous rocks, possibly with very few Early Neoproterozoic relics. This basement was significantly reworked during the protracted Paleozoic orogenic evolution, due to anatexis and/or assimilation by mantle-derived juvenile magmatism.Fil: Siegesmund, Siegfried. Universität Göttingen; AlemaniaFil: Oriolo, Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Schulz, Bernhard. Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg; AlemaniaFil: Heinrichs, T.. Universität Göttingen; AlemaniaFil: Basei, M. A. S.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Lammerer, Bernd. Ludwig Maximilians Universitat; Alemani

Localization-delocalization transition in the quasi-one-dimensional ladder chain with correlated disorder

The generalization of the dimer model on a two-leg ladder is defined and investigated both, analytically and numerically. For the closed system we calculate the Landauer resistance analytically and found the presence of the point of delocalization at the band center which is confirmed by the numerical calculations of the Lyapunov exponent. We calculate also analytically the localization length index and present the numerical investigations of the density of states (DOS). For the open counterpart of this model the distribution of the Wigner delay times is calculated numerically. It is shown how the localization-delocalization transition manifest itself in the behavior of the distribution.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, Revte

Relationship between Planthoppers (\u3ci\u3eNilaparvata lugens\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eSogatella furcifera\u3c/i\u3e) and Rice Diseases

The locational preference of the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Still) and the whitebacked plant hopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) was studied on rice cultivars IR22 and IR36 as an integral part of subsequent research on insect-fungal pathogen relationships. The BPH was observed to stay consistently on the basal portion while the WBPH showed a general preference for the upper portion regardless of varieties, rice growth stages and insect population density levels. The habitat preference of both species (BPH and WBPH) was found not to be affected by the presence of the other species when both species are present on the same host plant. Five rice cultivars with different reactions to BPH biotype 2 were used in the study on BPH-Rhizoctonia solani relationship: IR22 and TN1 (susceptible); Triveni and ASD7 (moderately resistant); and IR42 (resistant). Test plants were inoculated with R. solani (Kuhn) 3~4days after insect infestation. Sheath blight disease severity/incidence was significantly higher in the treatment where BPH+R. solani were together than in the treatment with only the pathogen. Symptom expression of the disease in the BPH-pathogen combination was faster and mycelial growth was more profuse inducing the formation of more infection structures. Regardless of varietal reaction to BPH biotype 2, the degree of hopperburn was significantly higher in the combination of the two pests as compared with that of BPH alone. There could be a synergistic relationship between the insect pest and the pathogen indicated by a positive interaction between the two species