2,193 research outputs found
Efficient tight-binding Monte Carlo structural sampling of complex materials
While recent work towards the development of tight-binding and ab-initio
algorithms has focused on molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo methods can often
lead to better results with relatively little effort. We present here a
multi-step Monte Carlo algorithm that makes use of the possibility of quickly
evaluating local energies. For the thermalization of a 1000-atom configuration
of {\it a}-Si, this algorithm gains about an order of magnitude in speed over
standard molecular dynamics. The algorithm can easily be ported to a wide range
of materials and can be dynamically optimized for a maximum efficiency.Comment: 5 pages including 3 postscript figure
Effect of Electron Correlation on the Bragg Reflection
We study the effect of correlation on the Bragg reflection in the 3D electron
gas, the 1D Luttinger liquid, and the 1D Hubbard model in an alternating
periodic potential at half-filling. In the last system, we suggest a
Luttinger-liquid-type quasi-metallic state in the crossover region from the
band insulator to the Mott insulator. We explain the appearance of this state
in terms of the incompatibility of the Bragg reflection with the concept of
Luttinger liquids.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Photoelectrochemical Conditioning of MOVPE p-InP Films for Light-Induced Hydrogen Evolution: Chemical, Electronic and Optical Properties
Homoepitaxial p-InP(100) thin films prepared by MOVPE (metallorganic vapor phase epitaxy) were transformed into an InP/oxide-phosphate/Rh heterostructure by photoelectrochemical conditioning. Surface sensitive synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy indicates the formation of a mixed oxide constituted by In(PO_3)_3, InPO_4 and In_(2)O_3 as nominal components during photo-electrochemical activation. The operation of these films as hydrogen evolving photocathode proved a light-to-chemical energy conversion efficiency of 14.5%. Surface activation arises from a shift of the semiconductor electron affinity by 0.44 eV by formation of In-Cl interfacial dipoles with a density of about 10^(12) cm^(−2). Predominant local In2O3-like structures in the oxide introduce resonance states near the semiconductor conduction band edge imparting electron conductivity to the phosphate matrix. Surface reflectance investigations indicate an enhanced light-coupling in the layered architecture
Peculiarities of phonon spectra and lattice heat capacity in Ir and Rh
A simple pseudopotential model is proposed, which allows the phonon spectra
and temperature dependence of the lattice heat capacity of Ir and Rh be
described with a high enough accuracy. A careful comparison of the calculated
and experimental values of the lattice heat capacity is carried out, with the
procedure of the identification of the phonon contribution to the heat capacity
and determination of the characteristics (momenta) of the phonon density of
states from the experimental values of the total heat capacity of metal at a
constant pressure being described in detail. The results of the theoretical
calculations explain, in particular, such peculiar feature of Ir and Rh,
unusual for cubic metals, as a sharp (more than by a factor of 1.5) decrease in
the effective Debye temperature with increasing termperature. The temperature
dependence of the mean square amplitude of atomic displacements in Ir and Rh
has been calculated. Basing on the band calculations the manifestation of the
Kohn singularities in the phonon spectra of Ir are discussed.Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX2e, 12 figures in postscrip
Spin-orbit interaction in three-dimensionally bounded semiconductor nanostructures
The structural inversion asymmetry-induced spin-orbit interaction of
conduction band electrons in zinc-blende and wurtzite semiconductor structures
is analysed allowing for a three-dimensional (3D) character of the external
electric field and variation of the chemical composition. The interaction,
taking into account all remote bands perturbatively, is presented with two
contributions: a heterointerface term and a term caused by the external
electric field. They have generally comparable strength and can be written in a
unified manner only for 2D systems, where they can partially cancel each other.
For quantum wires and dots composed of wurtzite semiconductors new terms
appear, absent in zinc-blende structures, which acquire the standard Rashba
form in 2D systems.Comment: 18 pages, 1 figur
Reconstruction Mechanism of FCC Transition-Metal (001) Surfaces
The reconstruction mechanism of (001) fcc transition metal surfaces is
investigated using a full-potential all-electron electronic structure method
within density-functional theory. Total-energy supercell calculations confirm
the experimental finding that a close-packed quasi-hexagonal overlayer
reconstruction is possible for the late 5-metals Ir, Pt, and Au, while it is
disfavoured in the isovalent 4 metals (Rh, Pd, Ag). The reconstructive
behaviour is driven by the tensile surface stress of the unreconstructed
surfaces; the stress is significantly larger in the 5 metals than in 4
ones, and only in the former case it overcomes the substrate resistance to the
required geometric rearrangement. It is shown that the surface stress for these
systems is due to charge depletion from the surface layer, and that the
cause of the 4th-to-5th row stress difference is the importance of relativistic
effects in the 5 series.Comment: RevTeX 3.0, 12 pages, 1 PostScript figure available upon request] 23
May 199
Arterial stiffness increases with deteriorating glucose tolerance status - The Hoorn Study
Background - Type 2 diabetes (DM-2) and impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) are associated with an increased cardiovascular disease risk. In nondiabetic individuals, increased arterial stiffness is an important cause of cardiovascular disease. Associations between DM-2 and IGM and arterial stiffness have not been systematically investigated. Methods and Results - In a population-based cohort (n=747; 278 with normal glucose metabolism, 168 with IGM, and 301 with DM-2; mean age, 68.5 years), arterial stiffness was ultrasonically estimated by distensibility and compliance of the carotid, femoral, and brachial arteries and by the carotid elastic modulus. After adjustment for age, sex, and mean arterial pressure, DM-2 was associated with increased carotid, femoral, and brachial stiffness, whereas IGM was associated only with increased femoral and brachial stiffness. Carotid but not femoral or brachial stiffness increased from IGM to DM-2. Standardized βs (95% CI) for IGM and DM-2, compared with normal glucose metabolism, were -0.06 (-0.23 to 0.10) and -0.37 (-0.51 to -0.23) for carotid distensibility; -0.02 (-0.18 to 0.18) and -0.25 (-0.40 to -0.09) for carotid compliance; -0.05 (-0.23 to 0.13) and 0.25 (0.10 to 0.40) for carotid elastic modulus; -0.70 (-0.89 to -0.51) and -0.67 (-0.83 to -0.52) for femoral distensibility; and -0.62 (-0.80 to -0.44) and -0.79 (-0.94 to -0.63) for femoral compliance. The brachial artery followed a pattern similar to that of the femoral artery. Increases in stiffness indices were explained by decreases in distension, increases in pulse pressure, an increase in carotid intima-media thickness, and, for the femoral artery, a decrease in diameter. Hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia explained only 30% of the arterial changes associated with glucose tolerance. Adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors did not affect these findings. Conclusions - IGM and DM-2 are associated with increased arterial stiffness. An important part of the increased stiffness occurs before the onset of DM-2 and is explained neither by conventional cardiovascular risk factors nor by hyperglycemia or hyperinsulinemia
Increased central artery stiffness in impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes - The Hoorn study
Impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) and type 2 diabetes (DM-2) are associated with high cardiovascular disease risk. Increases in peripheral and central artery stiffness may represent pathophysiologic pathways through which glucose tolerance status leads to cardiovascular disease. Peripheral artery stiffness increases with deteriorating glucose tolerance status, whereas this trend remains unclear for central artery stiffness. Therefore, we investigated the associations between glucose tolerance status and estimates of central arterial stiffness. We performed a population-based study of 619 individuals (normal glucose metabolism, n=261; IGM, n=170; and DM-2, n=188) and assessed central artery stiffness by measuring total systemic arterial compliance, aortic pressure augmentation index, and carotid-femoral transit time. After adjustment for sex, age, heart rate, height, body mass index, and mean arterial pressure, DM-2 was associated with decreased total systemic arterial compliance, increased aortic augmentation index, and decreased carotid-femoral transit time. IGM was borderline significantly associated with decreased total systemic arterial compliance. Respective regression coefficients (95% confidence intervals) for IGM and DM-2 compared with normal glucose metabolism were -0.05 (-0.11 to 0.01) and -0.13 (-0.19 to -0.07) mL/mm Hg for total system carterial compliance; 1.1 (-0.2 to 2.5) and 1.6 (0.2 to 3.0) percentage points for aortic augmentation index; and -0.85 (-5.20 to 3.49) and -4.95 (-9.41 to -0.48) ms for carotid-femoral transit time. IGM and DM-2 are associated with increased central artery stiffness, which is more pronounced in DM-2. Deteriorating glucose tolerance is associated with increased central and peripheral arterial stiffness, which may partly explain why both DM-2 and IGM are associated with increased cardiovascular risk
Total energy calculation of high pressure selenium: The origin of incommensurate modulations in Se-IV and the instability of proposed Se-II
We present calculation of the high pressure crystal structures in selenium,
including rational approximants to the recently reported incommensurate phases.
We show how the incommensurate phases can be intuitively explained in terms of
imaginary phonon frequencies arising from Kohn anomalies in the putative
undistorted phase. We also find inconsistencies between the calculated and
experimental Se-II phase - the calculations show it to be a metastable metal
while the experiment finds a stable semiconductor. We propose that the
experimentally reported structure is probably in error.Comment: 4 pages 4 figure
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