Comparison of pre-emptive analgesic effect of rectal ketamine and caudal bupivacaine in pediatric lower abdominal surgery

Introduction: Ketamine is a medication that suppresses the central nervous system and can be used as an analgesic. The aim of this study is to compare the post-operative pain reduction of rectal ketamine and caudal bupivacaine in pediatric lower abdominal surgery.Materials and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was performed on 68 children aged 1-7 years whom were allocated into two groups of 34 patients. The first Group received rectal ketamine (2mg/kg), and the second received 0.75mg/kg caudal bupivacaine (0.125%). Mean pain intensity and hemodynamic variables were recorded 2,6,12 and 24 hours following lower abdominal surgery in children. Pain was assessed using FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) Scale.Results: There were no significant difference in terms of pain intensity between admission and discharge from recovery (p>0.05). Patients who received ketamine endured less pain than bupivacaine 2, 6, and 12 hours following surgery (p<0.05). Mean extubation time and duration of recovery stay was significantly shorter in the ketamine group.Conclusion: Rectal ketamine was associated with more effective pain control and shorter recovery stay, when compared to caudal bupivacaine in lower abdominal pediatric surgery

Adsorption of diazinon from aqueous solutions onto an activated carbon sample produced in Iran

Background: Considering the severe health and environmental hazards caused by the entry of diazinon toxin into water resources, its removal is very important. Given the high costs of imported adsorbents, this research attempted to evaluate, for the first time, the efficiency of Iranian activated carbon in removing diazinon from aqueous solutions. Methods: In this batch experimental study, the effects of contact time (5-90 minutes), adsorbent concentration (0.5-30 g/L), initial concentration of diazinon (5-50 mg/L), and pH (3-10) on the adsorption of diazinon onto the activated carbon were evaluated. Concentrations of diazinon were measured using a high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument. The specific surface area of the adsorbent was determined by BET and BJH methods. The experimental adsorption data was analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order kinetics models were employed to determine kinetics. Moreover, data was analyzed using SPSS version 19, and Pearson correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were performed at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The optimum contact time, sorbent dose, and pH were 30 minutes, 10 g/L, and 5, respectively. The adsorbent could adsorb diazinon with a removal efficiency of 92.5% under optimum conditions (initial concentration: 20 mg/L). The experimental data was better described by the pseudo-second order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm. A maximum adsorption capacity of 71.4 mg/g was calculated by the Langmuir isotherm model

Effect of Advertising on Public Awareness in life Insurances: a Case Study of Dana Insurance Company in Mashhad

Considering significance of life insurance and as these insurance policies are  regarded as a development criterion in many countries worldwide, as well as lack of knowledge about the existence, recognition, features and advantages of such insurance policies, advertising plays a critical role in marketing and selling these policies. Therefore, this research studies the effect of advertising on public awareness with comprehensive life and Endowment insurance based on Dagmar model. It is an applied research in term of objective and a descriptive-survey research in term of methodology. Research statistical population consisted of 750 policyholders of life and endowment insurance in Dana insurance Company. Data collected through questionnaire. Sample size was estimated 254 individuals according to statistical Morgan’s table of sample size. Finally, 300 samples were tested for better validation of obtained data and results. Regarding disparity of insurers in different urban areas, Mashhad city insurers selected through cluster random sampling method. Data analyzed using SPSS software. In addition, advertising effect on Public awareness and familiarity with life insurance examined by Pearson correlation coefficient, Binominal test and t-test. Research results showed that advertising positively influences people knowledge and recognition of saving and life and endowment insurance. In other word, the higher the advertising is informative, the more the people are aware of such policies. More advertisements about benefits and characteristics of insurance policies leads to increased knowledge of people on such policies so that they tend to purchase more insurance policies

Chlorido[1-(2-eth­oxy­phen­yl)3-(4-nitro­phen­yl)triazenido]mercury(II)

In the title compound, [Hg(C14H13N4O3)Cl], the HgII atom is four-coordinated by one O atom and two N atoms from a tridentate 1-(2-eth­oxy­phen­yl)-3-(4-nitro­phen­yl)triazenide ligand and one terminal chloride ion in a distorted square-planar geometry. In the crystal structure, the mononuclear complexes are linked into pairs through C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds as well as π–π and C—H⋯π stacking inter­actions. In addition, weak Hg–μ6-arene π-inter­actions [mean distance of 3.667 (2) Å] are present between these dimers. The π–π stacking inter­actions are between aromatic rings with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.884 (2) Å. Moreover, edge-to-face inter­actions are present between eth­oxy CH groups and aromatic rings with H⋯π distances of 2.81 Å

QTL-seq reveals a major root-knot nematode resistance locus on chromosome 11 in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Open Access via Springer Compact Agreement. This project was funded by FAACE-JPI NET project “GreenRice” (Sustainable and environmental friendly rice cultivation systems in Europe); BBSRC award BB/M018415/1. The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Maxwell computer cluster funded by the University of Aberdeen for sequencing work and the financial support of GOA 01GB3013 from Ghent University.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Regulatory factors controlling muscle mass : competition between innate immune function and anabolic signals in regulation of atrogin-1 in Atlantic salmon

The research was supported by an industrial PhD studentship between University of Aberdeen and by BioMar Ltd., for Z. Heidari.Peer reviewedPostprin

Evaluation of Microleakage in Resin Composites Bonded to an Er:YAG Laser and Bur-Prepared Root and Coronal Dentin Using Different Bonding Agents

Introduction: This study was conducted to assess the microleakage in Er:YAG laser-ablated and bur-prepared root and coronal dentin cavities using self-etch and total-etch adhesive systems. Methods: Sixty extracted caries-free human third molars were sectioned for dentin exposure. Then, two standard class V cavities were prepared in the root and coronal dentin of each tooth and allocated to one of the following conditioning groups randomly (n = 12/Group): G1: Diamond bur for cavity preparation and single bond (BESB) etch-and-rinse adhesive for bonding, G2: Er:YAG laser (160 mJ, 20 Hz, 29.88 J/cm(2)) and SB (LESB), G3: Er:YAG laser and SB without acid etching (LSB), G4: Diamond bur and Clearfil SE Bond (BCSE) self-etch system, and G5: Er:YAG laser and Clearfil SE Bond (LCSE). The cavities were filled with Z100 composite resin. Dye penetration was assessed after thermocycling. Data analysis was done by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The results showed there were no statistically significant differences in microleakage between the two preparation methods (bur and laser) or the bonding agents applied (P > 0.05). Regardless of the cavity preparation method, dye penetration was significantly higher in coronal dentin than in root dentin (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The Er:YAG laser had the same efficacy as the conventional method for cavity preparation, and microleakage did not depend on the bonding agent. Microleakage was significantly higher in coronal restorations than in root restorations

Evaluation of Microleakage in Resin Composites Bonded to an Er:YAG Laser and Bur-Prepared Root and Coronal Dentin Using Different Bonding Agents

Introduction: This study was conducted to assess the microleakage in Er:YAG laser-ablated and bur-prepared root and coronal dentin cavities using self-etch and total-etch adhesive systems. Methods: Sixty extracted caries-free human third molars were sectioned for dentin exposure. Then, two standard class V cavities were prepared in the root and coronal dentin of each tooth and allocated to one of the following conditioning groups randomly (n = 12/Group): G1: Diamond bur for cavity preparation and single bond (BESB) etch-and-rinse adhesive for bonding, G2: Er:YAG laser (160 mJ, 20 Hz, 29.88 J/cm(2)) and SB (LESB), G3: Er:YAG laser and SB without acid etching (LSB), G4: Diamond bur and Clearfil SE Bond (BCSE) self-etch system, and G5: Er:YAG laser and Clearfil SE Bond (LCSE). The cavities were filled with Z100 composite resin. Dye penetration was assessed after thermocycling. Data analysis was done by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The results showed there were no statistically significant differences in microleakage between the two preparation methods (bur and laser) or the bonding agents applied (P > 0.05). Regardless of the cavity preparation method, dye penetration was significantly higher in coronal dentin than in root dentin (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The Er:YAG laser had the same efficacy as the conventional method for cavity preparation, and microleakage did not depend on the bonding agent. Microleakage was significantly higher in coronal restorations than in root restorations

Homemade Nucleic Acid Preservation Buffer Proves Effective in Preserving the Equine Faecal Microbiota over Time at Ambient Temperatures

Funding This research was funded by Mars Petcare UK and the Scottish Funding Council Research Excellence Grant (REG). Authors WR and MN receive salary support from the Rural and Environmental Sciences and Analytical Services Division (RESAS).Peer reviewedPublisher PD