Adiponectin and chronic kidney disease; a review on recent findings.

Adiponectin is a multifunctional cytokine that has a role in regulating inflammation. In patients without chronic renal failure (CRF) and type 2 diabetics, decreased adiponectin levels are associated with insulin resistance. Lower serum plasma adiponectin values are link to larger tumor size and metastasis in clear-cell carcinoma of the kidney too. However, in patients with established chronic kidney disease (CKD), adiponectin levels are elevated and positively predict progression of disease. In addition, increased levels of serum adiponectin of hemodialysis patients were associated with decrease in bone mineral density in hemodialysis patients. Thus, depending on type of renal failure should be adjusted the adiponectin levels in patients. In CKD patients without diabetic, decreasing adiponectin levels by ARB drugs may be appropriate for inhibition of disease progression

Renin-angiotensin system blockage for reduction of plasma adiponectin level in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial

Introduction. Plasma adiponectin level is markedly increased among patients on hemodialysis. This investigation aimed to evaluate the relationship between renin-angiotensin system blockade and serum adiponectin concentration in nondiabetic patients on hemodialysis. Materials and Methods. This randomized double-blind controlled trial was conducted on a group of nondiabetic patients on regular hemodialysis. The first group received losartan, 12.5 mg twice per day for the 1st week, 25 mg twice per day during the 2nd week, and 75 mg/d from the 3rd week to the end of the 16th week. Patients of the control group received placebo. Blood samples from all of the patients were collected at the beginning and at the end of the study to measure serum adiponectin. Results. Seventy-three hemodialysis patients were divided randomly into the losartan group (40 patients) and the control group (33 patients). The mean adiponectin level in all of the patients was 10.6 ± 3.9 μg/mL. A significant decrease of serum adiponectin level was observed after 4 months of treatment with losartan (8.86 ± 3.43 μg/mL for losartan group versus 10.71 ± 3.94 μg/mL for the control group; P = .04). None of the patients had a serum potassium value greater than 5 mg/dL or hypotension during the intervention. There was no significant difference in serum potassium levels between the two groups. Conclusions. The decrease in serum adiponectin level in nondiabetic patients on regular hemodialysis by losartan might offer a potential protective approach in these patients. Mechanisms responsible for this reduction remain to be investigated. © 2016, Iranian Society of Nephrology. All rights reserved

Ponderomotive forces and potentials in two species relativistic plasmas

The ponderomotive force associated with a light wave of variable amplitude drives many phenomena that occur in inertial confinement fusion and particle acceleration experiments. The existing formula for the ponderomotive force was derived under the assumption that the quiver speed of electrons oscillating in the applied electric field is much less than the speed of light. With the advent of intense laser pulses, it is important to extend this formula to electron quiver speeds that are comparable to the speed of light. We investigate the interactions of light fields with particles in two species plasmas. The equation of motion of a charged particle in an electromagnetic field and the motion of a single particle in a plane wave is investigated. Furthermore, non relativistic and relativistic ponderomotive force and potential is obtained

Comparing the effect of Metoclopramide and Ketamine as a preemptive analgesia on postoperative pain

زمینه و هدف: جهت کنترل و یا کمک به کاهش درد پس از عمل جراحی از داروها و روشهای مختلف استفاده می شود. آنالژزی پیشگیرانه (Preemptive Analgesia) یکی از روشهایی است که در آن قبل از شروع جراحی از تزریق داروهای ضد درد نظیر مخدرها، کتامین و... استفاده می شود. در برخی از تحقیقات از متوکلوپرامید وریدی جهت کاهش درد پس از عمل جراحی استفاده شده است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تاثیر مقایسه ای تزریق داخل وریدی دو داروی کتامین و متوکلوپرامید نیم ساعت قبل از القای بیهوشی بر روی درد و میزان مصرف مخدر پس از جراحی انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی دو سویه کور تعداد 86 بیمار کلاس 1 و 2 بیهوشی کاندیدای عمل جراحی شکم تحت بیهوشی عمومی، به صورت در دسترس انتخاب و بطور تصادفی ساده به دو گروه تقسیم شدند. در گروه اول متوکلوپرامید (mg 10) و در گروه دوم کتامین (mg/kg 3/0) نیم ساعت قبل از القای بیهوشی به صورت داخل وریدی تزریق شد. نمره درد، میزان مصرف مخدر در ریکاوری و 24 ساعت اول پس از عمل جراحی، طول مدت اقامت در ریکاوری، زمان خروج لوله تراشه و عوارض مختلف از قبیل تهوع، استفراغ، بیقراری، عوارض روانی و...ارزیابی و ثبت گردید. اطلاعات با استفاده از آزمون های آماری کای اسکوار، t و آنالیز واریانس مشاهدات تکرار شده تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: میانگین نمره درد (VAS) در 24 ساعت اول پس از عمل جراحی در گروه متوکلوپرامید 04/3±98/3 و در گروه کتامین 32/3±93/5 بود (05/0

Risk Factors for Suicidal Behaviours after Natural Disasters: A Systematic Review

Natural disasters have multiple psychological effects including increased risk of suicide among victims. Reviews have shown that suicidal behaviours can be an aftermath of natural disasters. The present study attempted to identify the suicide-related risk factors after natural disasters. This study was a systematic review probing English language articles related to suicide and its risk factors after natural disasters and published between 1 January 1990 and 27 September 2018 in Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, ProQuest and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases. After reviewing and screening the collected studies by means of specific criteria, only 30 studies were qualified to enter the survey. It was found that most of these studies had investigated suicide after earthquake. Gender, age, serious mental disorders, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), loss of family members, low economic status, low social support, and injury to the person and the family/ relatives were identified as the most important risk factors for suicide after natural disasters. Women, adolescents, elderly, people with depression and PTSD, those suffer from low social support and parentless people were found to be among the ones being highly vulnerable to suicide after natural disasters. There is, therefore, a need for providing psychosocial support for these people after such disasters

The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Nigella Sativa seed on dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rats: An experimental study

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) seed as a plant, the consumption of which has been recommended in Islam, on dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was carried out on 36 Wistar female rats (3 wk, 60 ± 10 gr). Then rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 6/each): control; PCOSinduced (DHEA 60 mg/kg/sc); PCOS + Metformine (30 mg/kg); and three experimental groups receiving DHEA + hydroalcoholic extract of N. sativa seeds in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Blood samples were taken for the evaluation of sexual hormones, oxidative stress, glucose, and insulin after 30 days of treatment. Ovarian tissue was used for histopathological study. Results: The serum levels of luteinizing hormone, testosterone, glucose, insulin resistance, malondialdehyde, and insulin (p ≤ 0.001) and estrogen increased while the levels of progesterone (p = 0.01) and antioxidant enzymes in the PCOS group decreased (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: The administration of the N. sativa extract to the PCOS rats resulted in remarkable changes in the serumic factors relative to the PCOS group. In addition, the extract improved the structure of the ovarian tissue in the PCOS rat. The histopathological results which are in accordance with biochemical findings imply that N. sativa seed could be useful in the treatment of PCOS, the higher doses of the extract being more effective. Key words: Nigella sativa seed, Oxidative stress, Insulin resistance, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Rat

Effects of Hydro-alcoholic Extract from Arctium lappa L. (Burdock) Root on Gonadotropins, Testosterone, and Sperm Count and Viability in Male Mice with Nicotinamide/ Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Reproductive dysfunction is a complication of diabetes. Arctium lappa (burdock) root has hypoglycemic and antioxidative properties, which are traditionally used for treatment of impotence and sterility. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of its hydro alcoholic extract on gonadotropin, testosterone, and sperm parameters in nicotinamide/ streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Methods: In this experimental study, 56 adult male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice (30–35 g) were randomly divided into seven groups: control, diabetes, diabetes + glibenclamide (0.25 mg/kg), diabetes + extract (200 or 300 mg/kg), and extract (200 or 300 mg/kg). Diabetes was induced with intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide (NA) and streptozotocin (STZ). Twenty-four hours after the last extract and drug administration, serum samples, testes, and cauda epididymis were removed immediately for experimental assessment. Results: Body weight, serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone levels, and sperm count (P < 0.05) and viability (P < 0.01) decreased in diabetic mice. Administration of glibenclamide significantly improved these reductions in diabetic animals (P < 0.05). However, the hydro alcoholic extract (300 mg/kg) enhanced sperm viability only in diabetic mice (P < 0.01). In addition, this dose of extract increased sperm count, LH, FSH, and testosterone in nondiabetic animals compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that applied burdock root extract has anti-infertility effects in nondiabetic mice. Hence, this part of the A. lappa plant has an effect on the health of the reproductive system in order to improve diabetic conditions

MENTAL HEALTH AND RELATED FACTORS IN STUDENT CENTERS OF RED CRESCENT SOCIETY ON UNIVERSITIES OF BORUJEN CITY

Background: Psychological stress of stressful jobs can affect the mental health of its members and damage to the services quality to the clients. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the mental health and related factors among the volunteers’ groups and members of student centers of Red Crescent society in Borujen. Method: In this cross-sectional study, by random sampling about 230 members were studied and selected among student centers of Red Crescent society. Data was gathered by a two-part questionnaire consisted of demographic information and health survey (GHQ). Also, data was analyzed by using SPSS-16 and tests of Fisher exact and Chi-square. (0.05) Results: The results showed the obtained mean and standard deviation from the General Health Questionnaire between samples are 50.28±29.88 and totally about 56.52% had psychological disorders. The domain of mental health was examined in depression and anxiety about 65.21% and 68.69% respectively. Also, significant difference between marital statuses, education level and gender with mental health were observed. (p<0.05) Conclusion: According to the high prevalence of mental health problems in the research findings, officials’ attention involved in mental health in universities is essential in order to prevent and resolve the problems. In particular, student centers are the best places for planning and education to increase the level of youth mental health

Investigation of genetic association between PRODH gene and schizophrenia in Iranian population

Schizophrenia is a complicated, debilitative mental disorder. Evidence is emerging for the association of polymorphisms in PRODH gene and increased risk of schizophrenia. In the present research, we investigated relationship between of this gene and schizophrenia disease by means of a gene polymorphism using PCR-RFLP technique.150 persons suffering from acute Schizophrenia and 160 healthy persons volunteering for this project were bled. . Based on intended SNP, pair of primers was designed by Oligo7 program and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed by thermo cycler. Then the resulted reactive mixture was exposed to a special enzyme, which we had intended for our study. Finally, the fragments of enzyme cut were transferred on the gel (4%) and migration pattern of resulted components were compared in healthy and patient subjects , whereby obtaining genotypes of different persons in polymorphic position. We utilized SPSS 16.0 program for statistical investigation of the work and studied SNP 1945T&gt;C and its relation with the disease in statistical population. Our findings showed a meaningful relation between the occurrence of this nucleotide mutation and its frequency in patients (given P value=0.00). Results of this work indicate that PRODH gene can be considered to be a significant candidate in our population as a factor influencing the occurrence of Schizophrenia