Verification of bee algorithm based path planning for a 6DOF manipulator using ADAMS

In this article the end effector displacement control for a manipulator robot with 6 rotational joints on a predetermined 3-dimensional trajectory is investigated. Since for any end effector position there are more than a single set of answers, regarding to robot parts orientation, finding a method which gives the designer all existing states will lead to more freedom of action. Hence two different methods were applied to solve robot inverse kinematic issue. In the first method ADAMS software was considered, which is a well-known software in the field of solving inverse kinematic problems, and after that BA algorithm is used as an intelligent method. This method is one of the fastest and most efficient methods among all existing ones for solving non-linear problems. Hence problem of inverse kinematic solution is transformed into an affair of optimization. Comparison of results obtained by both models indicates the reasonable performance of BA because of its capability in providing the answers from all existing states along with the privilege of no need to 3D modeling

Application of Adomian decomposition method to solve hybrid fuzzy differential equations

AbstractIn this paper, we study the numerical solution of hybrid fuzzy differential equations by using Adomian decomposition method (ADM). This is powerful method which consider the approximate solution of a nonlinear equation as an infinite series usually converging to the accurate solution. Several numerical examples are given and by comparing the numerical results obtained from ADM and predictor corrector method (PCM), we have studied their accuracy

Diagnostic Accuracy of Abdominal wall Ultrasonography and Local Wound Exploration in Predicting the Need for Laparotomy following Stab Wound

Introduction: Screening of patients with anterior abdominal penetrating trauma in need for laparotomy is an important issue in management of these cases. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of abdominal wall ultrasonography (AWU) and local wound exploration (LWE) in this regard.Methods: This diagnostic accuracy study was conducted on ≥ 18 year-old patients presenting to emergency department with anterior abdominal stab wound and stable hemodynamics, to compare the characteristics of AWU and LWE in screening of patients in need of laparotomy.Results: 50 cases with the mean age of 28.44 ± 7.14 years were included (80% male). Sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of AWU were 70.58 (95% CI: 44.04 – 88.62), 93.33 (95% CI: 76.49 – 98.83), and 81.96 (95% CI: 69.91 – 94.01), respectively. These measures were 88.23 (62.25 – 97.93), 93.33 (76.49 – 98.83), and 90.78 (95% CI: 81.67 – 99.89) for LWE, respectively. The difference in overall accuracy of the two methods was not statistically significant (p = 0.0641).Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, AWU and LWE had the same specificity but different sensitivities in screening of anterior abdominal stab wound patients in need of laparotomy. The overall accuracy of LWE was slightly higher (91.48% versus 85.1%)

The Effect of Intravenous Ketamine in Suicidal Ideation of Emergency Department Patients

Introduction: Suicidal ideation is an emergent problem in the Emergency Department (ED) that often complicates patient disposition and discharge. It has been shown that ketamine possesses fast acting antidepressant and anti-suicidal effects. This study was conducted to examine the effects of a single intravenous bolus of ketamine on patients with suicidal ideations in ED. Methods: Forty-nine subjects with suicidal ideations with or without an unsuccessful suicide attempt, received 0.2 mg/kg of ketamine. Scale for suicidal ideation (SSI) and Montgomery-Abserg depression rating scale (MADRS) were evaluated before and 40, 80 and 120 minutes after drug intervention. The results were compared using the paired t-test and patients were followed up 10 days after ED admission for remnant suicide ideation. Results: SSI (df: 3, 46; F=80.7; p<0.001) and MADRS (df: 3, 46; F=87.2; p<0.001) scores significantly dropped after ketamine injection; the SSI score before and after 20, 40, and 80 minutes of ketamine injection were 23.0±6.7, 16.2±5.2, 14.3±4.3, and 13.6±4.0 respectively. The MADRS scores were 38.2±9.3, 25.6±7.1, 22.7±6.3, and 22.1±5.95 at the same time intervals. 25.5% of patients were hospitalized, 63.3% received medications and 12.2% discharged. 6.2% of patients had suicidal ideations ten days after ED disposition.  Conclusion: It seems that Ketamine couldn't be a good choice for fast reduction of suicidal ideations in ED patients. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dose of ketamine for different patients

Frequency of cardiac arrhythmias in high and low- yielding dairy cows

Electrocardiography (ECG) may be used to recognize cardiac disorders. Levels of milk production may change the serum electrolytes which its imbalance has a role in cardiac arrhythmia. Fifty high yielding and fifty low yielding Holstein dairy cows were used in this study. Electrocardiography was recorded by base-apex lead and blood samples were collected from jugular vein for measurement of serum elements such as sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorous, iron and magnesium. Cardiac dysrhythmias were detected more frequent in low yielding Holstein cows (62.00%) compared to high yielding Holstein cows (46.00%). The cardiac dysrhythmias that were observed in low yielding Holstein cows included sinus arrhythmia (34.70%), wandering pacemaker (22.45 %), bradycardia (18.37%), tachycardia (10.20%), atrial premature beat (2.04%), sinoatrial block (2.04%), atrial fibrillation (8.16%) and atrial tachycardia (2.04%). The cardiac dysrhythmias were observed in high yielding Holstein cows including, sinus arrhythmia (86.95%) and wandering pacemaker (13.05%). Also, notched P wave was observed to be 30% and 14% in high- and low- yielding Holstein cows respectively. The serum calcium concentration of low yielding Holstein cows was significantly lower than that of high yielding Holstein cows. There was not any detectable significant difference in other serum elements between high- and low- yielding Holstein cows. Based on the result of present study, could be concluded that low serum concentration of calcium results to more frequent dysrhythmias in low yielding Holstein cows

Tumor markers: a proteomic approach

This article reviews the recently published data on the diagnosis of cancer with proteomics, including the major proteomics technologies and promising strategies for biomarker discovery and development.  Most of the tumor markers are proteins that either numerically increase in response to the alteration of cancer conditions or are produced by cancer cells. However, they are natural compounds ordinarily available in the typical cells to a little extent what are affected by increase of expression due to cancer and its intensity in blood, body fluids or tissues. Tumor markers are substances normally available in body fluids such as serum, urine, blood, and tissues that increase in the desired tissue of cancer patients. Most of tumor markers are proteins that either are produced in response to changes in cancer conditions or are made by the cancer cells. However, most of tumor markers are among the natural compounds of normal cells present in normal conditions in the cell in small amounts and are affected by increase of expression, due to cancer and their levels in the blood, body fluids or tissues

Phytotherapy: An anti-hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotective approach in chemotherapy

Chemotherapy induced-hepatotoxicity is one of the prevalent problems among cancer patients, with a wide spectrum of complications from liver dysfunction to liver necrosis. Therefore, in this study, we review the research findings on the effects of medicinal herbs and herbal compounds on the hepatotoxicity induced by anticancer drugs. The words hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotective along with the words cancer drug or chemotherapy in combination with some herbal terms such as medicinal plant, phyto* and herb* were used to search for relevant publications indexed in the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and PubMed. Available evidence shows that certain medicinal plants and herbal derivatives can reduce cancer drug-induced hepatotoxicity and protect liver cells against complications by regulating hepatic enzymes and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. Some herbal formulations, including traditional Chinese medicine, have also been reported to exhibit such effects. Medicinal plants can exert anti-hepatotoxicity effects mainly by increasing antioxidant activity, inhibiting inflammatory processes, and reducing cell necrosis induced by anti-cancer drugs. Phytotherapy can be used as an effective complementary treatment for anticancer drug-induced hepatotoxicity and prevent various complications in the liver

Expression levels of mRNA cytokines of IL-17 and IL-23 in epithelialfiber of stomach inpatients with Helicobacter pylori using Real-Time PCR in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province

زمینه و هدف: اینترلوکین های 17 و 23 در دفاع بر علیه برخی عفونت‌های مخاطی دستگاه گوارش نقش دارند و IL-17 باعث جذب نوتروفیل ها به محل عفونت شده و در ایجاد التهاب نقش دارد. مطالعه حاضر میزان بیان mRNA سیتوکاین های IL-17و IL-23در دو گروه بیماران گاستریتی با عفونت هلیکوباکترپیلوری و فاقد عفونت را به وسیله روش کمی Real-Time PCR بررسی می‌کند. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مورد- شاهدی، از 58 بیمار دارای گاستریت با عفونت هلیکوباکترپیلوری و 50 بیمار مبتلا به گاستریت که فاقد عفونت بودند، توسط آندوسکوپی بیوپسی تهیه شد. بعد از استخراجmRNA و تبدیل آن به cDNA، میزان بیانmRNA مربوط به IL-17و IL-23در نمونه‌ها توسط Real-Time PCR اندازه گیری شد و بیان سایتوکاین ها در دو گروه آلوده و غیر آلوده با استفاده از تست Mann–Whitney مورد آنالیز قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: ارتباط معنی‌داری بین میزان بیانIL-17 mRNA در افراد دارای گاستریت با عفونت هلیکوباکترپیلوری و افراد دارای گاستریت فاقد عفونت دیده نشد (941/0P=). همچنین ارتباط بین میزان بیان mRNA IL-23در بیماران دارای گاستریت با عفونت هلیکوباکترپیلوری و بیماران دارای گاستریت فاقد عفونت معنی دار نبود (076/0 P=). نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که میزان بیان mRNA سیتوکاین های IL-17و IL-23در بیماران دارای گاستریت با عفونت هلیکوباکترپیلوری در مقایسه با بیماران گاستریتی بدون عفونت بالاتر نمی‌باشد و در نتیجه ارتباط معنی داری بین دو گروه مورد مطالعه در این استان وجود ندارد؛ لذا می طلبد تا نقش دقیق سایتوکاین ‌های دیگر درگیر در بروز بیماری گاستریت جهت تعیین پیش آگهی و ارزیابی برنامه های درمانی بیشتر مشخص شود

تطابق برنامه های بازآموزی های برگزار شده در حوزه طب اورژانس با سرفصل های ضروری آموزشی در این رشته

Introduction: Currently, there is a lack of data on the agreement between the continuous medical education (CME) programs and the necessary training topics in the field of emergency medicine in Iran. The present study aimed to evaluate the mentioned agreement in CME programs held during 2010-2014, all over the country. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, the data recorded regarding emergency medicine-related CME programs were extracted from continuous training database of the Ministry of Health. Then, 30 items from the most important topics taught in emergency medicine training were selected by 3 emergency medicine specialists. Subsequently, the agreement of the selected training topics and CME programs was evaluated regarding duration of training, annual changes, and efficiency. Results: During 2010-2014, a total of 10147 hours of CME programs were held in relation to emergency medicine topics in Iran, which were most frequently (1015 hours) related to surgical emergencies. The next most frequent emergency-related CME programs were in the fields of toxicology with 810 hours (8.0%), neurology with 700 hours (6.9%), pediatric emergencies with 695 hours (6.8%), internal medicine with 675 hours (6.7%), and cardiopulmonary resuscitation with 555 hours (5.5%). In addition, it was determined that none of the CME programs were in complete agreement with the expected standards. Cohen’s kappa test showed that the agreement between the current conditions of CME programs with the standard was only 46.7% (95% confidence interval: 40.9 – 52.55) which shows a weak agreement (p = 0.19). Conclusion: The findings of the present study show the weak agreement of the CME programs held in the field of emergency medicine with the expected standards. مقدمه: در حال حاضر اطلاع دقیقی از میزان تطابق دوره های بازآموزی رشته طب اورژانس با سرفصل های ضروری آموزشی این رشته وجود ندارد. لذا مطالعه حاضر در نظر دارد تا میزان تطابق بازآموزی های برگزار شده طی سال های 1389 تا 1393 با سرفصل های آموزشی رشته تخصصی طب اورژانس را مورد بررسی قرار داد. روش کار: در مطالعه مقطعی حاضر اطلاعات ثبت شده از بازآموزی های مرتبط با رشته تخصصی طب اورژانس از سامانه آموزش مداوم وزارت بهداشت جمع آوری گردید. سپس 30 آیتم از مهمترین مباحث آموزشی رشته طب اورژانس با نظر 3 متخصص طب اورژانس انتخاب شد و اقدام به ارزیابی تطابق بازآموزی ها از لحاظ مدت زمان آموزش، روند تغییرات سالیانه و کفایت با سرفصل های آموزشی رشته طب اورژانس گردید. يافته ها: طی سال های 1389 تا 1393 به طور مجموع، 10147 ساعت بازآموزی مرتبط با سرفصل های آموزشی رشته طب اورژانس ارائه شده بود. بیشترین فراوانی (1015 ساعت)  بازآموزی ها مرتبط با اورژانس های جراحی بود. در رتبه بعدی بازآموزی در زمینه اورژانس مسمومیت با میزان 810 ساعت (8/0درصد) اورژانس های نورولوژیک با میزان 700 ساعت (6/9 درصد)، اورژانس های اطفال با میزان 695 ساعت (6/8 درصد)، اورژانس های داخلی با 675 ساعت (6/7 درصد) و احیا قلبی ریوی با 555 ساعت (5/5 درصد) قرار داشتند. علاوه بر این مشخص گردید که هیچ یک از باز آموزی ها تطابق کامل با استانداردهای مورد انتظار ندارند. آزمون کاپای کوهن نشان داد میزان توافق بین وضعیت موجود بازآموزی ها با استاندارد تنها 46/7 درصد (با فاصله اطمینان 95 درصدی برابر 52/55-40/9) بود که در طبقه موافقت ضعیف قرار می گیرد (0/19=p). نتيجه گيری: یافته های پژوهش حاضر حاکی از توافق ضیف باز آموزی های انجام شده در حوزه طب اورژانس با استانداردهای مورد انتظار بود

Enhancing Efficiency in Vision Transformer Networks: Design Techniques and Insights

Intrigued by the inherent ability of the human visual system to identify salient regions in complex scenes, attention mechanisms have been seamlessly integrated into various Computer Vision (CV) tasks. Building upon this paradigm, Vision Transformer (ViT) networks exploit attention mechanisms for improved efficiency. This review navigates the landscape of redesigned attention mechanisms within ViTs, aiming to enhance their performance. This paper provides a comprehensive exploration of techniques and insights for designing attention mechanisms, systematically reviewing recent literature in the field of CV. This survey begins with an introduction to the theoretical foundations and fundamental concepts underlying attention mechanisms. We then present a systematic taxonomy of various attention mechanisms within ViTs, employing redesigned approaches. A multi-perspective categorization is proposed based on their application, objectives, and the type of attention applied. The analysis includes an exploration of the novelty, strengths, weaknesses, and an in-depth evaluation of the different proposed strategies. This culminates in the development of taxonomies that highlight key properties and contributions. Finally, we gather the reviewed studies along with their available open-source implementations at our \href{https://github.com/mindflow-institue/Awesome-Attention-Mechanism-in-Medical-Imaging}{GitHub}\footnote{\url{https://github.com/xmindflow/Awesome-Attention-Mechanism-in-Medical-Imaging}}. We aim to regularly update it with the most recent relevant papers.Comment: Submitted to Computational Visual Media Journa