Alan Moore fra rute til lerret : tekst og kontekst i tegneseriefilmatiseringene Watchmen og V for vendetta

Alan Moore blir ofte omtalt som tegneseriemediets mest virtuose forfatter, og har dermed fått uforbeholden mye oppmerksomhet fra filmindustrien. Watchmen og V for Vendetta regnes å være blant de mest ambisiøse forsøkene på å filmatisere tegneserier og tegneserieromaner i nyere tid. Resultatet er henholdsvis et periodeverk med estetisk oppheng på den revisjonistiske superhelten, og et tidsaktuelt verk med en sosiologisk tilnærming til samtidens historiske situasjon sett gjennom en dystopisk science fiction-brille. Alan Moore fra rute til lerret er en teoretisk tekstanalyse både av Moores kildeverk og tegneseriefilmatiseringene utført av Zack Snyder og James McTeigue. Første del er en teoretisk utlegning av tegneserier og adaptasjonsfenomenet, som både foreslår en særegen måte å lese tegneserier i henhold til en estetisk erfaring av verkenes stemning, og som samtidig peiler ut en pluralistisk forståelse av adaptasjoner historisk sett fanget innenfor en trofasthetsdiksurs. Del to er rene nærlesningskapitler der både kildeverkenes og adaptasjonenes tekst og kontekst gjennomgås for å underbygge og videreutvikle funnene gjort i teorikapittelet, og der stemning forsøkes bli brukt som et potensielt måleverktøy i overgangen fra rute til lerret

Synthetic Light Curves and Spectra from a Self-Consistent 2D Simulation of an Ultra-strippped Supernova

Spectroscopy is an important tool for providing insights into the structure of core-collapse supernova explosions. We use the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code ARTIS to compute synthetic spectra and light curves based on a two-dimensional explosion model of an ultra-stripped supernova. These calculations are designed both to identify observable fingerprints of ultra-stripped supernovae and as a proof-of-principle for using synthetic spectroscopy to constrain the nature of stripped-envelope supernovae more broadly. We predict very characteristic spectral and photometric features for our ultra-stripped explosion model, but find that these do not match observed ultra-stripped supernova candidates like SN 2005ek. With a peak bolometric luminosity of $6.8\times10^{41}\,\mathrm{erg}\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}$, a peak magnitude of $-15.9\,\mathrm{mag}$ in R-band, and $\Delta m_{15,\mathrm{R}}=3.50$, the model is even fainter and evolves even faster than SN 2005ek as the closest possible analogue in photometric properties. The predicted spectra are extremely unusual. The most prominent features are Mg II lines at 2,800 Angstrom and 4,500 Angstrom and the infrared Ca triplet at late times. The Mg lines are sensitive to the multi-dimensional structure of the model and are viewing-angle dependent. They disappear due to line blanketing by Fe group elements in a spherically averaged model with additional microscopic mixing. In future studies, multi-D radiative transfer calculations need to be applied to a broader range of models to elucidate the nature of observed Type Ib/c supernovae.Comment: 13 pages, 14 figures, submitted to MNRA

Large-Scale Mixing in a Violent Oxygen-Neon Shell Merger Prior to a Core-Collapse Supernova

We present a seven-minute long $4\pi$-3D simulation of a shell merger event in a non-rotating $18.88\, M_\odot$ supernova progenitor before the onset of gravitational collapse. The key motivation is to capture the large-scale mixing and asymmetries in the wake of the shell merger before collapse using a self-consistent approach. The $4\pi$ geometry is crucial as it allows us to follow the growth and evolution of convective modes on the largest possible scales. We find significant differences between the kinematic, thermodynamic and chemical evolution of the 3D and the 1D model. The 3D model shows vigorous convection leading to more efficient mixing of nuclear species. In the 3D case the entire oxygen shell attains convective Mach numbers of $\mathord{\approx}\, 0.1$, whereas in the 1D model, the convective velocities are much lower and there is negligible overshooting across convective boundaries. In the 3D case, the convective eddies entrain nuclear species from the neon (and carbon) layers into the deeper part of the oxygen burning shell, where they burn and power a violent convection phase with outflows. This is a prototypical model of a convective-reactive system. Due to the strong convection and the resulting efficient mixing, the interface between the neon layer and the silicon-enriched oxygen layer disappears during the evolution, and silicon is mixed far out into merged oxygen/neon shell. Neon entrained inwards by convective downdrafts burns, resulting in lower neon mass in the 3D model compared to the 1D model at time of collapse. In addition, the 3D model develops remarkable large-scale, large-amplitude asymmetries, which may have important implications for the impending gravitational collapse and the subsequent explosion.Comment: 23 pages, 18 figure, Accepted to The ApJ (matches the accepted version

The genetic factors of bilaterian evolution

The Cambrian explosion was a unique animal radiation ~540 million years ago that produced the full range of body plans across bilaterians. The genetic mechanisms underlying these events are unknown, leaving a fundamental question in evolutionary biology unanswered. Using large-scale comparative genomics and advanced orthology evaluation techniques, we identified 157 bilaterian-specific genes. They include the entire Nodal pathway, a key regulator of mesoderm development and left-right axis specification; components for nervous system development, including a suite of G protein-coupled receptors that control physiology and behaviour, the Robo-Slit midline repulsion system, and the neurotrophin signalling system; a high number of zinc finger transcription factors; and novel factors that previously escaped attention. Contradicting the current view, our study reveals that genes with bilaterian origin are robustly associated with key features in extant bilaterians, suggesting a causal relationship

Marshall University Music Department Presents the Faculty Woodwind Quintet

https://mds.marshall.edu/music_perf/1079/thumbnail.jp

Marshall University Music Department Presents the Marshall Faculty Woodwind Quintet

https://mds.marshall.edu/music_perf/1091/thumbnail.jp

Accuracy of 3D Tooth Movements in the Fabrication of Manual Setup Models for Aligner Therapy

Background: The clinical outcome of aligner therapy is closely related to the precision of its setup, which can be manually or digitally fabricated. The aim of the study is to investigate the suitability of manual setups made for aligner therapy in terms of the precision of tooth movements. Methods: Six dental technicians were instructed to adjust each of eleven duplicate plaster casts of a patient models as follows: a 1 mm pure vestibular translation of tooth 11 and a 15° pure mesial rotation of tooth 23. The processed setup models were 3D scanned and matched with the reference model. The one-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test (p < 0.05) was used for evaluation. Results: The overall precision of the translational movement covers a wide range of values from 0.25 to 2.26 mm (median: 1.09 mm). The target value for the rotation of tooth 23 was achieved with a median rotation of 9.76° in the apical-occlusal direction. Unwanted movements in the other planes also accompanied the rotation. Conclusions: A manual setup can only be fabricated with limited precision. Besides the very high variability between technicians, additional unwanted movements in other spatial planes occurred. Manually fabricated setups should not be favored for aligner therapy due to limited precision

The effects of population III stars on the chemical and photometrical evolution of ellipticals

We have studied the effects of an hypothetical initial generation containing very massive stars (M > 100 Msun, pair-creation SNe) on the chemical and photometric evolution of elliptical galaxies. To this purpose, we have computed the evolution of a typical elliptical galaxy with luminous mass of the order of 10^11 Msun and adopted chemical evolution models already tested to reproduce the main features of ellipticals. We have tested several sets of yields for very massive zero-metallicity stars: these stars should produce quite different amounts of heavy elements than lower mass stars. We found that the effects of population III stars on the chemical enrichment is negligible if only one or two generations of such stars occurred, whereas they produce quite different results from the standard models if they continuously formed for a period not shorter than 0.1 Gyr. In this case, the results are at variance with the main observational constraints of ellipticals such as the average [] ratio in stars and the integrated colors. Therefore, we conclude that if population III stars ever existed they must have been present for a very short period of time and their effects on the following evolution of the parent galaxy must have been negligible. This effect is minimum if a more realistic model with initial infall of gas rather than the classic monolithic model is adopted. Ultimately, we conclude that there is no need to invoke a generation of very massive stars in ellipticals to explain their chemical and photometric properties.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, MNRAS accepte

Microscale <i>In Vitro</i> Assays for the Investigation of Neutral Red Retention and Ethoxyresorufin-<i>O</i>-Deethylase of Biofuels and Fossil Fuels

<div><p>Only few information on the potential toxic effectiveness of biofuels are available. Due to increasing worldwide demand for energy and fuels during the past decades, biofuels are considered as a promising alternative for fossil fuels in the transport sector. Hence, more information on their hazard potentials are required to understand the toxicological impact of biofuels on the environment. In the German Cluster of Excellence “Tailor-made Fuels from Biomass” design processes for economical, sustainable and environmentally friendly biofuels are investigated. In an unique and interdisciplinary approach, ecotoxicological methods are applied to gain information on potential adverse environmental effects of biofuels at an early phase of their development. In the present study, three potential biofuels, ethyl levulinate, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and 2-methylfuran were tested. Furthermore, we investigated a fossil gasoline fuel, a fossil diesel fuel and an established biodiesel. Two <i>in vitro</i> bioassays, one for assessing cytotoxicity and one for aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonism, so called dioxin-like activity, as measured by Ethoxyresorufin-<i>O</i>-Deethylase, were applied using the permanent fish liver cell line RTL-W1 (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>). The special properties of these fuel samples required modifications of the test design. Points that had to be addressed were high substance volatility, material compatibility and low solubility. For testing of gasoline, diesel and biodiesel, water accommodated fractions and a passive dosing approach were tested to address the high hydrophobicity and low solubility of these complex mixtures. Further work has to focus on an improvement of the chemical analyses of the fuel samples to allow a better comparison of any effects of fossil fuels and biofuels.</p></div