Standardization as Institutional Work: The Regulatory Power of a Responsible Investment Standard

This paper conceptualizes standardization as institutional work to study the emergence of a standard and the deployment of its regulatory power. We rely on unique access to longitudinal archival data for exploring how the FTSE4Good index, a responsible investment index, emerged as a standard for socially responsible corporate behavior. Our results show how three types of standardization work - calculative framing, engaging and valorizing - support the design, legitimation and monitoring processes whereby a standard acquires its regulatory power. Our findings reveal new facets in the dynamics of standardization by approaching standardization as a product of institutional work and in showing how unintended consequences of that work can be recaptured to strengthen the regulatory power of the standard

The sedimentation of an institution: changing governance in UK financial services

Post-print version. Final version published by Sage; available online at http://jmi.sagepub.com/The Financial Services Act (FSA) 1986 was the first comprehensive attempt to create a unified statutorily based system of regulation within the UK financial sector. It generated a framework of regulation that is in a continuous state of development and modification. In this paper we study the development of UK financial regulation between 1986 and 2011. We trace how competing theorizations and logics of regulation have led to the institutionalization of a meta-form of financial regulation. In doing so, we address the conundrum of conscious, strategic theorizations leading to cognitive taken-for-granted institutions by identifying four catalysts that contribute to institutionalization when concurring with theorization. These are: the evocation of political ideologies, the appropriation of scandals, the growing number of actors and the increasing organization of actors. Finally, we argue that sedimentation is the appropriate metaphor for the version of institutionalization occurring in this setting

Mikrotik virtual laboratories un ReSeLa environment

Strauji attīstoties virtualizācijas un mākoņskaitļošanas tehnoloģijām, tās tiek izmantotas ar vien plašākiem mērķiem. Virtualizācijas izmantošana virtuālo sistēmu veidošanā ir tikai viens no tās daudziem pielietojumiem. Darba mērķis ir, datortīklu apguves mācību procesā izmantojamu, virtuālo laboratoriju izveide uz ReSeLa platformas. Darba gaitā ir iepazīta MikroTik izveidotā maršrutētāju operētājsistēma un apgūta laboratoriju veidošanai izmantotā OpenStack sistēma. Darba laikā tika izveidotas strādājošas laboratorijas ar speciāli tām izveidotu testēšanas sistēmu, to pārbaudei un vērtēšanai.Because of the rapid development of virtualization and cloud computing technologies, they are used in more wider scale. Using virtualization in virtual system building is just one of its many applications. Goal of this research is to create virtual laboratories consisting of MikroTik RouterOS routers that are connected in various network topolgies. Virtual labs are planned to be used in in the learning process of computer networks. During the research author got to know MikroTik router operating system and mastered OpenStack system which was used to make virtual laboratories. During this work working virtual laboratories were made. Laboratories have testing system that checks and scores how well they are completed