Variation in reproductive timing for the northern long-eared myotis (\u3ci\u3eMyotis septentrionalis\u3c/i\u3e) across Nebraska

The northern long-eared myotis (Myotis septentrionalis), a federally threatened species, occurs in extreme northern, eastern, and southern Nebraska. These regions vary in climate due to geographic location, topography, and elevation. During a 1-week period in early July 2015, we surveyed bats across the state and observed striking variation in the reproductive status for M. septentrionalis. We examined whether or not growing degree days, an abiotic climatic factor used mainly for agricultural practices, was associated with this reproductive variation in a mammalian species. In early July, we captured only pregnant females in the Pine Ridge region of northwestern Nebraska, the region with the lowest number of growing degree days. In contrast, we captured both lactating females and flying young along the Republican River in south-central Nebraska near the border with Kansas, an area with a high, but intermediate number of growing degree days. Along the Missouri River, in extreme east-central Nebraska, along the border with Iowa, we documented lactating females with no evidence of volant young. This locality had the highest number of growing degree days. Phenotypic plasticity in timing of births for M. septentrionalis appears to be, in part, related to climatic differences across Nebraska, a relationship commonly observed for plants and invertebrates. Our study demonstrates that reproductive phenology can vary significantly across the distribution of a species and needs to be considered when making management decisions for imperiled species. Delayed reproduction in cooler regions of the species’ range presents risks to reproductive female M. septentrionalis and their nonvolant offspring, even with current protective measures. In areas with short growing seasons, restrictions on the timing of tree-cutting should be expanded beyond 31 July in more northerly parts of the species’ distribution, so as not to hinder reproductive success during the time when juvenile bats are unable to fly. RESUMEN.—El murciélago de orejas largas del norte (Myotis septentrionalis) una especie amenazada, se distribuye en los extremos norte, este y sur de Nebraska. El clima en estas regiones varía debido a la ubicación geográfica, la topografía y la elevación. Durante un período de una semana, a principios de julio del 2015, muestreamos murciélagos en todo el estado y observamos una notable variación en el estado reproductivo de M. septentrionalis. Analizamos, si el aumento en la temperatura diaria (factor climático abiótico utilizado principalmente en prácticas agrícolas) se asoció con la variación reproductiva en esta especie de mamíferos. A principios de julio, sólo capturamos hembras preñadas en la región de Pine Ridge al noroeste de Nebraska, una región con el menor número de días con aumento en la temperatura. Por el contrario, capturamos hembras lactantes y crías volando a lo largo del río Republican en el extremo centro-sur de Nebraska, cerca de la frontera con Kansas, un área con un alto pero intermitente aumento en la tempera - tura diaria. A lo largo del río Missouri, en el extremo este-central de Nebraska, y a lo largo de la frontera con Iowa, documentamos hembras lactantes sin evidencia de volantones. Esta localidad mostró el valor más alto de aumento en la temperatura diaria. La plasticidad fenotípica al momento del nacimiento de un M. septentrionalis pareciera estar, en parte, relacionada a las diferencias climáticas de Nebraska, una relación comúnmente observada en plantas e invertebrados. Nuestro estudio demuestra que la fenología reproductiva puede variar significativamente a través de la distribución de la especie, factor que debe ser considerado en el momento de tomar decisiones relacionadas al control y a las medidas de preservación de especies en peligro de extinción. En las regiones más frías del rango de distribución de la especie se observó una reproducción retrasada, siendo esto un riesgo para la hembra reproductora y sus crías no voladoras, incluso con las medidas de protección actuales. En las áreas con temporadas de cultivo cortas, las restricciones en cuanto a la tala de árboles deberían extenderse más allá del 31 de julio en las partes más al norte de su distribución, con el fin de no obstaculizar el éxito reproductivo durante el período en que los murciélagos jóvenes no pueden volar

Getting Inside the Expert's Head:An Analysis of Physician Cognitive Processes During Trauma Resuscitations

Study objective: Crisis resource management skills are integral to leading the resuscitation of a critically ill patient. Despite their importance, crisis resource management skills (and their associated cognitive processes) have traditionally been difficult to study in the real world. The objective of this study was to derive key cognitive processes underpinning expert performance in resuscitation medicine, using a new eye-tracking-based video capture method during clinical cases. Methods: During an 18-month period, a sample of 10 trauma resuscitations led by 4 expert trauma team leaders was analyzed. The physician team leaders were outfitted with mobile eye-tracking glasses for each case. After each resuscitation, participants were debriefed with a modified cognitive task analysis, based on a cued-recall protocol, augmented by viewing their own first-person perspective eye-tracking video from the clinical encounter. Results: Eye-tracking technology was successfully applied as a tool to aid in the qualitative analysis of expert performance in a clinical setting. All participants stated that using these methods helped uncover previously unconscious aspects of their cognition. Overall, 5 major themes were derived from the interviews: logistic awareness, managing uncertainty, visual fixation behaviors, selective attendance to information, and anticipatory behaviors. Conclusion: The novel approach of cognitive task analysis augmented by eye tracking allowed the derivation of 5 unique cognitive processes underpinning expert performance in leading a resuscitation. An understanding of these cognitive processes has the potential to enhance educational methods and to create new assessment modalities of these previously tacit aspects of expertise in this field

Translational recoding as a feedback controller : systems approaches reveal polyamine-specific effects on the antizyme ribosomal frameshift

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Attention Restoration Theory: A Systematic Review of the Attention Restoration Potential of Exposure to Natural Environments

All authors contributed to the design of this review, critically revised the article, and approved the final versions. HO contributed to all stages of the systematic review (searching, screening, data extraction, quality appraisal and synthesis) and drafted the article. MW and BW contributed to double data extraction and preparation of the article. AB devised the search strategy, ran the literature searches, carried out citation searching, and contributed to double screening. OU and VN provided statistical advice and designed and conducted the meta-analyses. RG conceived the idea for the review, contributed to double screening, double data extraction, quality appraisal, and preparation of the article, and is the guarantor

Concentrations of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Are Not Associated with Senescence Marker p16INK4a or Predictive of Intracellular Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Metabolite and Endogenous Nucleotide Exposures in Adults with HIV Infection

As the HIV-infected population ages, the role of cellular senescence and inflammation on co-morbid conditions and pharmacotherapy is increasingly of interest. p16INK4a expression, a marker for aging and senescence in T-cells, is associated with lower intracellular concentrations of endogenous nucleotides (EN) and nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). This study expands on these findings by determining whether inflammation is contributing to the association of p16INK4a expression with intracellular metabolite (IM) exposure and endogenous nucleotide concentrations

Cervicovaginal and Rectal Fluid as a Surrogate Marker of Antiretroviral Tissue Concentration: Implications for Clinical Trial Design

Quantifying tissue drug concentrations can yield important information during drug development, but complicates pharmacokinetic study design. Mucosal fluids collected by direct aspiration(cervicovaginal fluid; CVF) or swab(rectal fluid; RF) might be used as tissue concentration surrogates, but these relationships are not well characterized

Summary of childhood asthma guidelines, 2021 : a consensus document

Asthma is the most common chronic illness of childhood. The prevalence is rising and the mortality and morbidity from asthma are unacceptably high in South Africa. It is important to make a correct diagnosis based, most importantly, on the clinical history and supported by investigations. The appropriate drug and device must be chosen to achieve good asthma control. Patients must be followed up regularly and their asthma control must be assessed. The treatment can then be adjusted according to the level of control. The COVID-19 pandemic has placed new challenges on the care of our asthmatics. Asthma education and adherence are important components of management of the condition.http://www.samj.org.zadm2022Paediatrics and Child Healt

Erratum: Author Correction: Identification of genes required for eye development by high-throughput screening of mouse knockouts.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0226-0.]