8,189 research outputs found
Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005
We are pleased to present the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This document is intended to be a primary source of dietary health information for policymakers, nutrition educators, and health providers. Based on the latest scientific evidence, the 2005 Dietary Guidelinesprovides information and advice for choosing a nutritious diet, maintaining a healthy weight, achieving adequate exercise, and “keeping foods safe” to avoid foodborne illness. This document is based on the recommendations put forward by the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. The Committee was composed of scientific experts who were responsible for reviewing and analyzing the most current dietary and nutritional information and incorporating this into a scientific evidence-based report. We want to thank them and the other public and private professionals who assisted in developing this document for their hard work and dedication
‘I wouldn't push that further because I don't want to lose her’: a multiperspective qualitative study of behaviour change for long-term conditions in primary care
Background: Health outcomes for long-term conditions (LTCs) can be improved by lifestyle, dietary and condition management-related behaviour change. Primary care is an important setting for behaviour change work. Practitioners have identified barriers to this work, but there is little evidence examining practices of behaviour change in primary care consultations and how patients and practitioners perceive these practices. Objective: To examine how behaviour change is engaged with in primary care consultations for LTCs and investigate how behaviour change is perceived by patients and practitioners. Design: Multiperspective, longitudinal qualitative research involving six primary health-care practices in England. Consultations between patients with LTCs and health-care practitioners were audio-recorded. Semi-structured interviews were completed with patients and practitioners, using stimulated recall. Patients were re-interviewed 3 months later. Framework analysis was applied to all data. Participants: Thirty-two people with at least one LTC (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, asthma and coronary heart disease) and 10 practitioners. Results: Behaviour change talk in consultations was rare and, when it occurred, was characterized by deflection and diffidence on the part of practitioners. Patient motivation tended to be unaddressed. While practitioners positioned behaviour change work as outside their remit, patients felt uncertain about, yet responsible for, this work. Practitioners raised concerns that this work could damage other aspects of care, particularly the patient–practitioner relationship. Conclusion: Behaviour change work is often deflected or deferred by practitioners in consultations, who nevertheless vocalize support for its importance in interviews. This discrepancy between practitioners’ accounts and behaviours needs to be addressed within primary health-care organizations
ORI 2015 Annual Report
Office of Research Integrity Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Institutional Assurance and Annual Report on Possible Research Misconduct for the period January 1, 2015 - December 31, 2015.
Each institution which receives or applies for a PHS research, research-training or research-related grant or cooperative agreement must have established an administrative policy for responding to allegations of research misconduct that complies with the PHS regulation (42 CFR Part 93) and certify that it will comply with that policy. This regulation does not cover regulated research under the jurisdiction of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
ORI 2014 Annual Report
Office of Research Integrity Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Institutional Assurance and Annual Report on Possible Research Misconduct for the period January 1, 2014 - December 31, 2014.
Each institution which receives or applies for a PHS research, research-training or research-related grant or cooperative agreement must have established an administrative policy for responding to allegations of research misconduct that complies with the PHS regulation (42 CFR Part 93) and certify that it will comply with that policy. This regulation does not cover regulated research under the jurisdiction of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Confronting Health Misinformation - The US Surgeon General's Advisory on Building a Health Information Environment (2021)
CULTURAL COMPETENCE WORKS: Using Cultural Competence To Improve the Quality of Health Care for Diverse Populations and Add Value to Managed Care Arrangements
As the United States grows in diversity, health care providers are increasingly challenged to understand and address the linguistic and cultural needs of a diverse clientele. The Health Resources and Services Administration [HRSA] has had a long-standing and particular interest in cultural competence because so many of its grantees provide care to traditionally underserved populations that include culturally and linguistically diverse communities. The following is a useful definition of cultural and linguistic competence: Cultural and linguistic competence is a set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency, or among professionals that enables effective work in cross-cultural situations. Many health care providers, and especially HRSA grantees, have developed creative and successful programs to address the needs of underserved, culturally diverse communities, including interpreter services, cultural competence training for staff, targeted outreach programs, and other culturally appropriate interventions. As more underserved populations are incorporated into managed care arrangements, these culturally competent practices may make HRSA grantees attractive partners to managed care organizations
Ensuring Access to Oral Health Care for Children: School-Based Care by Dental Therapists - A Commentary
Health literacy and libraries: a literature review
Purpose
The aim of this article is to assess the involvement of libraries in health literacy programs and initiatives based on a review of the literature.
Methodology
Four databases were searched for articles that described health literacy programs and initiatives within libraries.
Findings
Several themes of health literacy programs in libraries emerged: health literacy for older adults, underserved populations, the general public, healthcare professionals and medical students, and patients. Collaborations between libraries and community organizations were frequently utilized.
Practical implications
Librarians may use this review to understand the history of health literacy efforts and libraries in order to inform future programming. This review will contextualize current research on health literacy and libraries.
Originality/value
Despite the currency and relevance of this topic, there are no literature reviews on health literacy and librarianship
The public health benefits of insulation retrofits in existing housing in the United States
BACKGROUND: Methodological limitations make it difficult to quantify the public health benefits of energy efficiency programs. To address this issue, we developed a risk-based model to estimate the health benefits associated with marginal energy usage reductions and applied the model to a hypothetical case study of insulation retrofits in single-family homes in the United States. METHODS: We modeled energy savings with a regression model that extrapolated findings from an energy simulation program. Reductions of fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) emissions and particle precursors (SO(2 )and NOx) were quantified using fuel-specific emission factors and marginal electricity analyses. Estimates of population exposure per unit emissions, varying by location and source type, were extrapolated from past dispersion model runs. Concentration-response functions for morbidity and mortality from PM(2.5 )were derived from the epidemiological literature, and economic values were assigned to health outcomes based on willingness to pay studies. RESULTS: In total, the insulation retrofits would save 800 TBTU (8 × 10(14 )British Thermal Units) per year across 46 million homes, resulting in 3,100 fewer tons of PM(2.5), 100,000 fewer tons of NOx, and 190,000 fewer tons of SO(2 )per year. These emission reductions are associated with outcomes including 240 fewer deaths, 6,500 fewer asthma attacks, and 110,000 fewer restricted activity days per year. At a state level, the health benefits per unit energy savings vary by an order of magnitude, illustrating that multiple factors (including population patterns and energy sources) influence health benefit estimates. The health benefits correspond to 5.9 billion per year in economic savings. CONCLUSION: In spite of significant uncertainties related to the interpretation of PM(2.5 )health effects and other dimensions of the model, our analysis demonstrates that a risk-based methodology is viable for national-level energy efficiency programs
Table 2: Infant deaths per 1,000 live births from 1999 to 2010 for non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White populations in the United States.
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