Efecto antirradical y antiulceroso de las hojas de Sonneratia apetala Buch-Ham contra la lesión de la mucosa gástrica inducida por el alcohol

Introducción: Sonneratia apetala Buch-Ham es un verdadero habitante de los manglares en Sunderban indio y se utiliza en la medicina popular para los trastornos digestivos. Método: El extracto hidrometanólico (20:80) de hojas de Sonneratia apetala (SA) se estandarizó químicamente por HPTLC y se evaluó por sus propiedades antirradicales y gastroprotectoras. Se determinaron los fenólicos y flavonoides presentes en SA y se evaluaron las actividades antirradicales mediante métodos in vitro como, DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazilo), óxidos nítricos, superóxidos, hidroxilo y ABTS (2,2 / -azino-bis- Ácido 3-etilbenztiazolin-6-sulfónico). Además, se evaluó la eficacia gastroprotectora de SA en la ulceración oxidativa inducida por alcohol (50% v / v, 5 ml / kg) en ratas. Resultados: El SA químicamente estandarizado mostró presencia de compuestos polifenólicos. También mostró fuertes propiedades antirradicales. Las administraciones orales de SA (125 mg / kg y 250 mg / kg) protegieron significativamente la membrana mucosa gástrica del daño ulcerativo causado por el alcohol, similar al omeprazol (20 mg / kg) en ratas. Además, el tratamiento con SA redujo significativamente la elevación de los peróxidos de lípidos; mientras que aumentó la concentración de glutatión y catalasa en la mucosa gástrica con respecto a las ratas de control no tratadas inducidas por etanol. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos de este estudio sugieren que la hoja de Sonneratia apetala tiene propiedades antioxidantes y tiene capacidad para proteger la lesión de la mucosa gástrica causada por la ingestión de alcohol.Introduction: Sonneratia apetala Buch-Ham is a true mangrove inhabitant in Indian Sunderban and it is used in folk medicine for digestive disorders. Method: Hydro-methanolic (20:80) extract of Sonneratia apetala leaves (SA) was chemically standardized by HPTLC and evaluated for its antiradical and gastro-protective properties. Phenolics and flavonoids present in SA were determined and antiradical activities were assessed by in vitro methods like, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), nitric oxides, superoxides, hydroxyl and ABTS (2,2/ -azino-bis-3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid). Further, gastro-protective efficacy of SA was assessed in alcohol (50% v/v, 5 ml/kg) induced oxidative ulceration in rats. Results: Chemically standardized SA exhibited presence of polyphenolic compounds. It also showed strong antiradical properties. Oral administrations of SA (125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg) significantly protected gastric mucosal membrane from ulcerative damage caused by alcohol, similar to Omeprazole (20 mg/kg) in rats. Moreover, SA treatment significantly reduced the elevation of lipid peroxides; while enhanced the concentration of glutathione and catalase in gastric mucosa in respect to ethanol induced untreated control rats. Conclusions The results obtained from this study suggest Sonneratia apetala leaf has antioxidant properties and has capabilities to protect gastric mucosal injury caused by alcohol ingestion.Project 537(sanc)/ST/P/S&T/5G-4/2009-11 of the Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of West Bengal, Indi

HPLC OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BULBS FROM THREE ORNITHOGALUM SPECIES AVAILABLE IN INDIA

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze phenolic compounds of three species of Ornithogalum viz Ornithogalum virens, Ornithogalum thyrsoides, Ornithogalum dubium and to assess their bioactivity in terms of antimicrobial and antioxidant potential.Methods: Extracts were prepared in 20% aqueous methanol. Each extract was subjected to phenolic and flavonoid estimation. Antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH method, and their antimicrobial activity was tested on six pathogenic strains namely Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extracts were subjected to HPLC analysis with different standards namely gallic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, sinapic acid, ferulic acid, methyl gallate, catechin, rutin, apigenin, quercetin, myricetin, and kaempherol.Results: O. dubium was found to have highest antioxidant activity (IC50 311 µg/g extract). Inhibition zone was minimum in S. marcescens and E. coli on the application of extracts of O. virens, and the consequent MIC was 670 µg and 650µg/g dry weight respectively. None of the three extracts was found to have any effect either on S. aureus or P. aeruginosa. HPLC analyses have shown that myricetin was the primary flavonoid constituent of the extract of O. dubium and gallic acid of O. virens.Conclusion: O. dubium shows maximum antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Extracts of O. virens also shows maximum polyphenol content. From the HPLC results, it is evident that the flavonoids present in O. dubium are myricetin, rutin, p-coumaric acid along with some phenolic compounds, which confers bioactivity to the extract.Keywords: Ornithogalum, Phenolic acid, Flavonoids, HPLC, Antioxidant activity, Antimicrobial activit

Free fatty acids regulating action of Capparis decidua fruit on dyslipidemia in rats

Capparis decidua belongs to family Capparidaceae in wastelands of India. The study aim was to determine the role of C. decidua fruits on the free fatty acids (FFA) profile in fat-rich diet (FRD) dyslipidemic rats. The methanolic extract of edible fruit of C. decidua (CD) was given orally to obese dyslipidemic rats at the dose of 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg for consecutive 28 days. CD treatment in FRD rats significantly restricts the body weight gains. Blood lipid profile was altered dose dependently and significantly after 4-week treatment with CD to FRD. rats. It significantly (p<0.05) enhanced serum FFA especially, g-linolinate, a-linolinate, arachidonate, ecosapentaenoate, docosapentaenoate and docosahexaenoate. Moreover, w3-PUFA content was also enhanced (50.3% and 78.8%) in the serum of CD treated animals, whereas MUFA was lowered (31.1% and 40%). Therefore, Capparis decidua fruit has a promising role on dyslipidemia and obesity and has the capabilities to regulate beneficial free fatty acids.

Phyto-chemical Standardization of Herbal Formulation (PMM3) for Blood Sugar Attenuating Actions in Streptozotocin induced Rats

The present study was intended to prepare herbal formulation, PMM3 using purified and modified parts of five common Indian herbs like, Trigonella foenum-graccum, Tinospora cordifolia, Scoparia dulcis, Adhatoda vasica and Cassia occidental. PMM3 was standardized using physico-chemical, phytochemical, UV-VIS spectral, HPTLC, AAS and GC methods. The phenolics and flavonoids contents were assessed. Anti-hyperglycaemic activities of PMM3 was evaluated on Streptozotocin induced (50mg/kg, i.v) diabetic rats. PMM3 (50-150 mg/kg, p.o) exhibited best potentiality in reducing blood glucose within 14 days treatment in comparison with Diabecon® (Himalaya, India) at the same dose. The preset observation identified formulation PMM3 for anti-hyperglycaemic effect

Free fatty acids regulating action of Capparis decidua fruit on dyslipidemia in rats

Capparis decidua belongs to family Capparidaceae in wastelands of India. The study aim was to determine the role of C. decidua fruits on the free fatty acids (FFA) profile in fat-rich diet (FRD) dyslipidemic rats. The methanolic extract of edible fruit of C. decidua (CD) was given orally to obese dyslipidemic rats at the dose of 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg for consecutive 28 days. CD treatment in FRD rats significantly restricts the body weight gains. Blood lipid profile was altered dose dependently and significantly after 4-week treatment with CD to FRD. rats. It significantly (p<0.05) enhanced serum FFA especially, -linolinate, -linolinate, arachidonate, ecosapentaenoate, docosapentaenoate and docosahexaenoate. Moreover, 3-PUFA content was also enhanced (50.3% and 78.8%) in the serum of CD treated animals, whereas MUFA was lowered (31.1% and 40%). Therefore, Capparis decidua fruit has a promising role on dyslipidemia and obesity and has the capabilities to regulate beneficial free fatty acids

Free fatty acids regulating action of Capparis decidua fruit on dyslipidemia in rats

Capparis decidua belongs to family Capparidaceae in wastelands of India. The study aim was to determine the role of C. decidua fruits on the free fatty acids (FFA) profile in fat-rich diet (FRD) dyslipidemic rats. The methanolic extract of edible fruit of C. decidua (CD) was given orally to obese dyslipidemic rats at the dose of 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg for consecutive 28 days. CD treatment in FRD rats significantly restricts the body weight gains. Blood lipid profile was altered dose dependently and significantly after 4-week treatment with CD to FRD. rats. It significantly (p<0.05) enhanced serum FFA especially, -linolinate, -linolinate, arachidonate, ecosapentaenoate, docosapentaenoate and docosahexaenoate. Moreover, 3-PUFA content was also enhanced (50.3% and 78.8%) in the serum of CD treated animals, whereas MUFA was lowered (31.1% and 40%). Therefore, Capparis decidua fruit has a promising role on dyslipidemia and obesity and has the capabilities to regulate beneficial free fatty acids

Two carbamate derivatives with Z′=2 and 3: An interplay of strong and weak hydrogen bonds

Two carbamate derivatives, tert-butyl 3-methyl-1-(3-m-tolylselenoureido)butan-2-yl carbamate (1) and tert-butyl 5-benzyl-2-(3-chlorophenylamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate (2) have been synthesized and structurally characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The asymmetric unit of 1 comprised of two molecules (Z′ = 2), A and B, and that of 2 had three molecules (Z′ = 3), A, B and C. The crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric units of 1 and 2 exhibit an essentially similar conformation but differ in terms of molecular environments. The nature of interactions experienced by different molecules in the asymmetric unit of 1 and 2 has been analyzed through Hirshfeld surfaces and 2D fingerprint plots. The crystal packing exhibits an interplay of N-H O, N-H Se, C-H O, C-H Cl and C-H π hydrogen bonds, which assemble molecules into a three-dimensional architecture in 1 and 2. The hydrogen-bond based interactions in 1 and 2 have been complemented by molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface calculations. In summary, the work highlights how an assembly of molecules connected through hydrogen bonds and displaying pseudo symmetry at a local level can form motifs for structures crystallizing with multiple molecules in the asymmetric unit.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Photoactivated TiO₂ Nanocomposite Delays the Postharvest Ripening Phenomenon through Ethylene Metabolism and Related Physiological Changes in <i>Capsicum</i> Fruit

Capsicum is one of the most perishable fruit which undergo rapid loss of commercial value during postharvest storage. In this experiment our aim is to evaluate the effect of photoactivated TiO2 nano-particle complexed with chitosan or TiO2-nanocomposite (TiO2-NC) on extension self-life of Capsicum fruit and its effect on related morphological, physiological and molecular attributes at room temperature (25 °C). Initially, TiO2-NC coated fruits recorded superior maintenance of total soluble solids accumulation along with retention of firmness, cellular integrity, hydration, color etc. On the extended period of storage, fruit recorded a lower bioaccumulation of TiO2 in comparison to metallic silver over the control. On the level of gene expression for ethylene biosynthetic and signaling the TiO2-NC had more regulation, however, discretely to moderate the ripening. Thus, ACC synthase and oxidase recorded a significantly better downregulation as studied from fruit pulp under TiO2-NC than silver. On the signaling path, the transcripts for CaETR1 and CaETR2 were less abundant in fruit under both the treatment when studied against control for 7 d. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also correlated to retard the oxidative lysis of polyamine oxidation by diamine and polyamine oxidase activity. The gene expression for hydrolytic activity as non-specific esterase had corroborated the development of essential oil constituents with few of those recorded in significant abundance. Therefore, TiO2-NC would be reliable to induce those metabolites modulating ripening behavior in favor of delayed ripening. From gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis profile of all tested essential oil constituents suggesting positive impact of TiO2-NC on shelf-life extension of Capsicum fruit. Our results indicated the potentiality of TiO2-NC in postharvest storage those may connect ethylene signaling and ROS metabolism in suppression of specific ripening attributes

Crystal Structure and Electronic Properties of a Piroxicam Derivative: A Combined X-Ray Analysis and Quantum Mechanical Studies

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Systematic analysis of antimicrobial activity, phytochemistry, and in silico molecular interaction of selected essential oils and their formulations from different Indian spices against foodborne bacteria

Essential oils (EOs) from Indian spices like Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton (small green cardamom), Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. &amp; L.M. Perry (clove), Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (cinnamon quills), and Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees &amp; C. H. Eberm (Indian bay leaves) exhibit a broad spectrum range of biological activity including antibacterial and antifungal activity. Yet, there is a lack of data regarding the antimicrobial activity of their formulations. Also, the link between the antimicrobial effect of individual EO with their chemical composition and molecular interaction with bacterial pathogens has not been systematically explored. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical characterization of EOs and to bridge the gap between them through in-silico molecular interactions. The antibacterial activity of EOs of four different spices and their formulations against foodborne pathogens such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated using the disc volatilization method. The chemical profile of the individual EO was determined through GC-MS analysis and molecular interactions of identified major components with bacterial proteins were carried out through molecular docking studies. All EOs and their formulations exhibited antibacterial activity ranging from 5.92 to 24.55 mm and 11–23.52 mm, respectively. Among all EOs, cinnamon and formulation C (cardamom: cinnamon- 2:1) exhibited the highest antibacterial activity. The composition of the EOs included sesquiterpenes, monoterpenoids, monoterpenes, and, phenylpropanoids such as (E)-cinnamaldehyde, δ-cadinene, α-copaene, eugenol, caryophyllene, eugenol acetate, methyl eugenol, menthadiene, eucalyptol, α-terpinyl acetate, and sabinene. Furthermore, docking study revealed that the abundant compounds from cinnamon EO mainly α-copaene and δ-cadinene had a high binding affinity towards the bacterial essential proteins which increases the bacterial susceptibility towards cinnamon EO. The selected EOs and their formulations were systematically analysed and they were effective against foodborne pathogens. The current findings suggest the application of these EOs against food pathogens with further research