Study of the Economic Factors Affecting Labor Mobility in the United States from 1950 Through 01/01/1959

The purpose of this study was to consider the influence of the economic factors upon the individual in his decisions concerning mobility. Research materials were used from Forsyth Library, United States Commissioner of Labor Statistics, and the Hays Employment Security Division. An analysis of the size and distribution of the labor force preceded a discussion of the different types of labor mobility. Wages, family and financial status, and improved worker benefit programs were selected as the economic factors affecting mobility. Attitudes of the individual worker, knowledge of the worker concerning available opportunities, nature of the present job, and skill of the employee were closely related social and psychological factors from which the economic factors could not be completely isolated. It was found that an increased demand for higher levels of skills created a demand for additional mobility among the labor force during the years 1950 through 1959. Meanwhile, the above-mentioned economic factors were working toward reducing movement of the worker. At the end of the 1950\u27s a need existed for workers to become better educated and trained in order that they might have the willingness and ability to become more mobile. Increased mobility of the United States labor force would work toward a more efficient use of the available labor resource and a higher standard of living for the American people through increased national productivity

Women\u27s Contribution to Industrial Development in America

The following report is an attempt to analyze women\u27s participation in the labor force, giving reference to the number and proportion of women employees, the particular industries and occupations where women have worked, and the relative advantages and disadvantages of these jobs among all women workers, and among women in relation to men workers.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/fort_hays_studies_series/1016/thumbnail.jp

The Discursive Construction of Mental Illness in UK Newspapers (1984-2014): A Critical Corpus Linguistic Analysis

This thesis explores the representation of mental illness in the UK press. Specifically, it addresses the following central research questions: ‘What do the terms ‘mental health’ and ‘mental illness’ refer to, ‘How are people with mental illness named and referred to in reports on mental illness’, ‘What are the salient transitivity processes in news reports on mental illness’ and ‘Do press reports on mental illness accurately portray the symptoms of specific mental illnesses?’ In order to investigate these questions, I designed and constructed the MI 1984-2014 corpus, which comprises 50,972,932 words of UK local and national news articles from 1984-2014. The stretch of time covered by the corpus is an important period for legislation related to mental health, including the 1983 Mental Health Act and the amendments to this act in 2007. I use frameworks drawn from corpus linguistics (e.g. keyness and collocation analysis) and Critical Discourse Analysis (e.g. naming and transitivity analysis) to analyse the MI 1984-2014 corpus. The main findings from my study are as follows: (i) lexical items in the semantic domain of mental health and illness are undergoing semantic change (e.g. the term ‘mental health’ is being used more frequently to refer to states of mental illness via a process of socially motivated and euphemistic language change); (ii) with regard to naming practices and, in particular, naming practices that anti-stigma initiatives have identified as problematic and stigmatising, the press use identity-first forms (identified as stigmatising by mental health advocates) to refer to people with mental illness (e.g. ‘a schizophrenic’) more often than person-first forms (such as ‘a person with schizophrenia’); despite this, early evidence suggests the press are increasingly adopting person-first language, which is the linguistic structure promoted by mental health advocates; (iii) with reference to transitivity, whilst the press overall represent the process of having mental illness as ‘suffering’, first-person accounts from people with mental illness are proportionally 4-times more likely to refer to having mental illness as ‘experiencing’ it (e.g. “I was experiencing psychosis”). I found that, overall, reports that include symptoms of mental illness are inaccurate, or are reported in contexts that are too specific to serve the purpose of properly informing the public about mental illness. On the basis of these findings, I argue that it would be beneficial for journalists and mental health charities to make a number of changes to the way they write about mental health. One basic but important change for mental health charities would be to take account of linguistic evidence prior to creating guidelines stipulating prescribed linguistic forms for discussing mental illness in the press. A further important change for journalists would be to more accurately depict the symptoms of mental illness in news articles and ensure that symptoms are contextualised appropriately (e.g. not used in reference to violent attacks). This thesis is offered as a contribution to the developing field of medical humanities. It provides findings and methods for examining further the issue of the press representation of mental illness and the related impact on society (and on individuals in society) that this can have

Courtroom data and politeness research : a case for neo-Peircean semiotics in interpersonal pragmatics

In this article, we take a neo-Peircean semiotic approach to analyzing an interaction in which a routine bail hearing between a defendant and a judge goes awry. Neo-Peircean semiotics is steadily gaining recognition within linguistics for providing a new perspective on meaning. One neo-Peircean approach, referred to as Relationship Thinking (Enfield, 2009; 2013), has the potential to be influential for politeness research and linguistic pragmatics generally. In this article, we explore how the concept of relationship can be used to explore meaning on two dimensions: residential and representational (Kockelman, 2006 a;b). It is our contention that both of these dimensions are crucial to developing an understanding of what happens in the courtroom data on which this special issue focusses. We begin by providing a detailed overview of neo-Peircean semiotics in order to demonstrate its utility for researchers from different disciplines. We then show how a neo-Peircean analytical approach can illuminate elements of data that may not be accounted for in other analyses. This is as a consequence of the neo-Peircean framework’s scope and its capacity for coping with a range of interactionally significant phenomena, from individual linguistic tokens to institutional norms. In our analysis of the data at the heart of this special issue, the Penelope Soto case, we show that problems can arise when interactants have different understandings of what is a sign and what is an interpretant (Peirce, 1955). We make the case that it is a misunderstanding at this level (specifically the interpretations of the word “value”) that is ultimately what causes the interaction to conclude in the way that it does. Ultimately, we suggest that a neo-Peircean approach to the study of in/appropriate behaviour can facilitate links between the traditional (and sometimes disparate) methods of analysis used in politeness research

The Effect of Agenda for Change on the Career Progression of the Radiographic Workforce 2009

Report compiled by the University of Hertfordshire in collaboration with the Inst for Employment Studies and Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust for the Society and College of RadiographersFinal Published versio

Scaling Egocentric Vision: The EPIC-KITCHENS Dataset

First-person vision is gaining interest as it offers a unique viewpoint on people's interaction with objects, their attention, and even intention. However, progress in this challenging domain has been relatively slow due to the lack of sufficiently large datasets. In this paper, we introduce EPIC-KITCHENS, a large-scale egocentric video benchmark recorded by 32 participants in their native kitchen environments. Our videos depict nonscripted daily activities: we simply asked each participant to start recording every time they entered their kitchen. Recording took place in 4 cities (in North America and Europe) by participants belonging to 10 different nationalities, resulting in highly diverse cooking styles. Our dataset features 55 hours of video consisting of 11.5M frames, which we densely labeled for a total of 39.6K action segments and 454.3K object bounding boxes. Our annotation is unique in that we had the participants narrate their own videos (after recording), thus reflecting true intention, and we crowd-sourced ground-truths based on these. We describe our object, action and anticipation challenges, and evaluate several baselines over two test splits, seen and unseen kitchens. Dataset and Project page: http://epic-kitchens.github.ioComment: European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) 2018 Dataset and Project page: http://epic-kitchens.github.i

Spatial Effects and GWA Mapping of Root Colonization Assessed in the Interaction Between the Rice Diversity Panel 1 and an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus

The majority of the research reported here is an output of EU project “EURoot” (FP7-KBBE-2011-5 Grant Agreement No. 289300) project. RS’s contribution was funded by FACCE-JPI NET project “GreenRice” (Sustainable and environmental friendly rice cultivation systems in Europe) and was funded by the BBSRC award BB/M018415/1.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Evaluation of cumulative cognitive deficits from electroconvulsive therapy

Background Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective acute treatment for severe depression, but widely held concerns about memory problems may limit its use. Aims To find out whether repeated or maintenance courses of ECT cause cumulative cognitive deterioration. Method Analysis of the results of 10 years of cognitive performance data collection from patients who have received ECT. The 199 patients had a total of 498 assessments, undertaken after a mean of 15.3 ECT sessions (range 0–186). A linear mixed-effect regression model was used, testing whether an increasing number of ECT sessions leads to deterioration in performance. Results The total number of previous ECT sessions had no effect on cognitive performance. The major factors affecting performance were age, followed by the severity of depression at the time of testing and the number of days since the last ECT session. Conclusions Repeated courses of ECT do not lead to cumulative cognitive deficits. This message is reassuring for patients, carers and prescribers who are concerned about memory problems and confusion during ECT. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective acute treatment for severe depression,1 with reported remission rates above 50%.2,3 Although some reports demonstrate even higher remission rates (such as 75% in patients with psychotic depression4), these could be below 50% for treatment-resistant depression or in community settings.5,6 ECT is often portrayed in mainstream media as a barbaric treatment7 and its cognitive side-effects as profound and debilitating, leading to public, patient and carer concerns. ECT does cause retrograde amnesia and acute disorientation immediately following a treatment,8 however, research has suggested that this is only a short-lived side-effect. A meta-analysis by Semkovska & McLoughlin9 analysed the cognitive tests of 2981 patients from 84 studies, performed before and after single courses of ECT, and found that a decline in cognitive performance was limited to the first 3 days following a treatment. Patients showed no cognitive deterioration when tested 2 or more weeks after their last ECT session. This does not apply to retrograde amnesia, which was not part of this analysis, and it cannot be extended to cognitive functions that were not tested. Much less is known about the side-effects of long-term ECT, including maintenance ECT. A major concern of patients and some health professionals is that it could lead to progressive cognitive deficits, especially if given for prolonged periods of time. Small studies and case reports have addressed this question and have found no evidence to support this concern (see Discussion). Over the past 10 years we performed prospective cognitive tests on 199 patients, of whom 96 had >12 ECTsessions during their lifetime (the usual maximum duration of a single ECT course). We wanted to find out whether there was evidence that their cognitive performance deteriorated with the increasing number of ECT sessions

Skill requirements in retail work: The case of high-end fashion retailing

This article considers skill requirements in retail work, drawing on the example of high-end fashion retailing. It considers debates about the required 'soft' and 'hard' elements of skill for such work. Drawing on Cockburn's typology - skill residing in the worker; in what is required to perform a job; and as a socially constructed political concept - it seeks to offer a more nuanced discussion of the nature of skills in retail work beyond the usual characterization of such work as being inherently low skilled. Data are reported from 37 interviews with managers, supervisors and employees in a range of high-end fashion retailing outlets. The article recognizes how this work was seen as skilled by the interviewees, particularly with regard to the desired product knowledge and selling ability required for such work. Lastly, it seeks to refine Cockburn's typology in understanding skill requirements in retail workdiv_BaMBesen-Cassino Y (2014) Consuming Work: Youth Labor in America. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. Bozkurt O and Grugulis I (2011) Why retail demands a closer look. In: Grugulis I and Bozkurt O (eds) Retail Work. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 1-24. Brown A, Charlwood A and Spencer DA (2012) Not all that it might seem: why job satisfaction is worth studying despite it being a poor summary measure of job quality. Work, Employment and Society 26(6): 1007-18. Cockburn C (1983) Brothers: Male Dominance and Technological Change. London: The Pluto Press. Experian (2016) Experian identifies which UK retail centres are best placed to survive and thrive. Available (consulted 28 June 2016) at: http://www.experian.co.uk/marketing-services/newsretailscape- uk-retail-centres-best-placed-to-thrive.html Gatta M (2011) In the 'blink' of an eye - American high-end small retail businesses and the public workforce system. In: Grugulis I and Bozkurt I (eds) Retail Work. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 49-67. Gatta M, Boushey H and Appelbaum E (2009) High-touch and here-to-stay: future skills demands in US low wage service occupations. Sociology 43(5): 968-89. Green F (2011) What is Skill? An Inter-Disciplinary Synthesis. London: LLAKES Centre, Institute of Education, University of London. Grugulis I and Vincent S (2009) Whose skill is it anyway? 'Soft' skills and polarization. Work, Employment and Society 23(4): 597-615. Hochschild A (1983) The Managed Heart. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Hurrell S, Scholarios D and Thompson P (2013) More than a 'humpty dumpty' term: strengthening the conceptualization of soft skills. Economic and Industrial Democracy 34(1): 161-82. Ikeler P (2015) Deskilling emotional labour: evidence from departmental store retail. Work, Employment and Society. Epub ahead of print 9 November. DOI: 10.1177/0950017015609031. Income Data Services (IDS) (2015) Pay and Conditions in Retail 2015. Hebden Bridge: Thomson Reuters/IDS. International Labour Organization (ILO) (2015) Employment relationships in retail commerce and their impact on decent work and competitiveness. Available (consulted 27 June 2016) at: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/-ed_dialogue/-sector/documents/publication/ wcms_351453.pdf Korczynski M (2005) Skills in service work: an overview. Human Resource Management Journal 15(2): 3-14. Lloyd C and Payne J (2009) 'Full of sound and fury, signifying nothing': interrogating new skill concepts in service work - the view from two UK call centres. Work, Employment and Society 23(4): 617-34. Mason J and Osborne M (2008) Business strategies, work organisation and low pay in United Kingdom retail. In: Lloyd C, Mason G and Mayhew K (eds) Low Wage Work in the United Kingdom. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 131-68. Misra J and Walters K (2016) All fun and cool clothes? Youth workers' consumer identity in clothing retail. Work and Occupations 43(3): 294-325. Nickson D, Warhurst C, Commander J, Hurrell S and Cullen AM (2012) Soft skills and employability: evidence from UK retail. Economic and Industrial Democracy 33(1): 62-81. Nickson D, Warhurst C, Cullen AM and Watt A (2003) Bringing in the excluded? Aesthetic labour, skills and training in the new economy. Journal of Education and Work 16(2): 185-203. Nickson D, Warhurst C and Dutton E (2005) The importance of attitude and appearance in the service encounter in retail and hospitality. Managing Service Quality 15(2): 195-208. Nickson D, Warhurst C, Witz A and Cullen AM (2001) The importance of being aesthetic: work, employment and service organization. In: Sturdy A, Grugulis I and Wilmott H (eds) Customer Service. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 170-190. Pettinger L (2004) Brand culture and branded workers: service work and aesthetic labour in fashion retail. Consumption, Markets & Culture 7(2): 165-84. Pettinger L (2006) On the materiality of service work. The Sociological Review 54(1): 48-65. Quinn L, Hines T and Bennison D (2007) Making sense of market segmentation: a fashion retailing case. European Journal of Marketing 41(5-6): 439-65. Vallas SP (1990) The concept of skill: a critical review. Work and Occupations 17(4): 379-98. Warhurst C and Nickson D (2007a) Employee experience of aesthetic labour in retail and hospitality. Work, Employment and Society 21(1): 103-20. Warhurst C and Nickson D (2007b) A new labour aristocracy? Aesthetic labour and routine interactive service. Work, Employment and Society 21(4): 785-98. Warhurst C, Tilly C and Gatta M (2016) A new social construction of skill. In: Buchanan J, Finegold D, Mayhew K and Warhurst C (eds) Oxford Handbook of Skills and Training. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 72-79. Williams C and Connell C (2010) 'Looking good and sounding right': aesthetic labour and social inequality in the retail industry. Work and Occupations 37(3): 349-77.31pub4653pub