Hydrogenation Catalysis in Biobased Ionic Liquids

This chapter is dedicated to hydrogenation procedures of (poly)-alkenes or unsaturated ketones in various biobased and not-biobased ionic liquids. The first part of this chapter defines the concept of biobased ionic liquids and their preparation. In the second part, hydrogenation processes performed in non-biobased ionic liquids are described. Finally, in the last part, the two themes are mixed and recent examples of hydrogenation procedures of alkenes, polyalkenes or unsaturated ketones in biobased ionic liquids are developed

Développement d'un modèle de pronostic pour les roulements des éoliennes

RÉSUMÉ: Les climats nordiques font référence aux conditions météorologiques dans lesquelles les éoliennes sont exposées au givrage atmosphérique ou à des températures basses en dehors des limites de conception des éoliennes ce qui cause souvent une réduction de la production énergétique et une augmentation des couts de maintenance. Les conséquences et les coûts liés aux défaillances des composants, sont critiques, car il est difficile d’accéder au site surtout les périodes hivernales et il faut attendre la livraison des pièces de rechange pour remettre l’éolienne en marche et faire face aux défauts. L'échec d'un composant critique, comme une boîte de vitesses, peut endommager d'autres composants et il est donc important d'obtenir un avertissement préalable des problèmes possibles. L’objectif général du projet est d’élaborer une stratégie de maintenance prédictive afin de détecter les pièces et sous-systèmes qui démontrent une tendance à court et à moyen terme vers une anomalie de fonctionnement ou un arrêt complet à cause de bris. Cet objectif général a été atteint, à la fin du projet, par l’atteinte des objectifs spécifiques suivants : Élaboration d’une méthode d’analyse des données issues de capteurs installés sur les composants d’une éolienne permettant la détection d’anomalies d’une pièce ou d’un sous-système. Élaboration d’un modèle de pronostic basé sur les données des capteurs et les réseaux de neurones artificiels capable de calculer la durée de vie utile restante du roulement d’une éolienne. Après la réalisation de l’analyse de criticité des composantes principales de l’éolienne, un seul composant a été retenu dans le cadre de cette étude, vu la nature de données disponibles à analyser. Ce composant est le roulement de la boite de vitesse d’une éolienne. La surveillance d’un ou plusieurs équipements d’une machine peut être vérifiée en analysant, à des périodes de temps bien définies, l’indicateur de dégradation de performance. On retrouve plus d’une technique pour réaliser ces analyses : l’analyse vibratoire, l’analyse des lubrifiants, l’émission acoustique. La vibration est souvent le meilleur indicateur de la santé des machines tournantes, pour ce faire on a abouti dans ce projet à une analyse vibratoire. Finalement, un modèle de pronostic basé sur les réseaux de neurones artificielles a été développé, à partir des signaux générés par les capteurs installés sur les différents sous-systèmes du roulement, avec l’objectif de se doter d’un outil capable de localiser la défaillance sur le roulement et permet la prédiction de sa durée de vie utile restante. Ainsi, d’autres méthodes ont été appliquées telle que la comparaison des données mesurées avec les données prédites numériquement et l’optimisation de l’erreur. -- Mot(s) clé(s) en français : Maintenance prédictive; Éolienne; Roulement; Réseaux de neurones artificiels; pronostic. -- ABSTRACT: Northern climates refer to the weather conditions in which wind turbines are exposed to atmospheric icing or to low temperatures outside the design limits of wind turbines, which often results in reduced energy production and increased maintenance costs. The consequences and costs associated with component failures are critical because it is difficult to access the site especially during winter periods and it is necessary to wait for the delivery of spare parts to restart the wind turbine and deal with defects. Failure of a critical component, such as a gearbox, may damage other components and it is therefore important to obtain prior warning of potential problems. The overall objective of the project is to develop a predictive maintenance strategy to detect parts and subsystems that demonstrate a short- to medium-term trend towards a malfunction or a complete shut down due to breakage. This general objective was achieved at the end of the project by achieving the following specific objectives: Development of a method for analyzing data from sensors installed on the components of a wind turbine allowing the detection of anomaly of a part or of a subsystem. Development of a prognostic model based on sensor data and artificial neural networks capable of calculating the remaining service life of a wind turbine. After carrying out the criticality analysis of the principal components of the wind turbine, only one component was selected for this study, given the nature of available data to be analyzed. This component is the bearing of the gearbox of a wind turbine. Monitoring of one or more equipment of a machine can be verified by analyzing the performance degradation indicator at well-defined time periods. We can find more than one technique for performing these analyzes: vibration analysis, lubricant analysis, acoustic emission, vibration is often the best indicator of the health of rotating machines, to achieve this we have succeeded in this Project to a vibratory analysis. Finally, a prognostic model based on artificial neural networks was developed, based on the signals generated by the sensors installed on the various subsystems of the bearing, with the aim of acquiring a tool capable of locating the Failure and allows the prediction of its remaining service life. Thus, other methods have been applied such as the comparison of the measured data with the numerically predicted data and the optimization of the error. -- Mot(s) clé(s) en anglais : predictive maintenance, wind turbine, bearing, artificial neural network, prognostic

Development and Characterization of Novel Bigel-Based 1,4-Naphthoquinones for Topical Application with Antioxidant Potential

Discovering new antioxidant agents and optimizing their processing is a necessity to treat skin diseases. The assessment of quality and antioxidant activity of topical formulations based on 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (M1) and 2,3-dichloro-5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (M2) was carried out for the first time for this purpose. Stability studies including evaluation of pH, viscosity, microscopic observation, and microbiological quality were determined. M1 and M2 were examined for their antioxidant capacities after their incorporation into bigels. Obtained data suggested that BG-M1 and BG-M2 have a good quality, a natural pH of the skin (4.5–6.0), and no sign of microbial development. Sensory analysis was also performed, and no negative assessment of unpleasant bigel properties was found. M1 and M2 have shown antioxidant activity toward DPPH radical (data are expressed as IC50), 19 × 10−3 mg/mL for M1 and 35 × 10−3 mg/mL for M2, respectively. After their formulations, they have maintained this ability, for BG-M1 = 3.0 and BG-M2 = 1.1 mg/mL. Also, they demonstrated interesting ABTS scavenging with 1.5 × 10−3 and 2.5 × 10−3 mg/mL for M1 and M2, respectively. They kept this potential after formulation, since, BG-M1 = 1.7 mg/mL and BG-M2 = 4.9 mg/mL. Likewise, pure molecules revealed notable β-carotene bleaching inhibition (0.3 and 0.1 mg/mL for M1 and M2, respectively), which was maintained after their formulation into bigels (2.9 and 10.3 mg/mL for BG-M1 and BG-M2, respectively). These developed bigels maintaining the antioxidant potential of M1 and M2 could be used as the provision of a barrier to protect skin

Design of a New Fermented Beverage from Medicinal Plantsand Organic Sugarcane Molasses via Lactic Fermentation.

Functional beverages obtained using medicinal plants and fermented with lactic acidbacteria are gaining much interest from the scientific community, driven by the growing demand forfood and beverages with beneficial properties. In this work, three different batches of medicinal plantsand organic sugarcane molasses, named FB-lc, FB-sp and FB-lcsp, were prepared and fermented byusingLactobacillus acidophilusATCC 43121,Bifidobacterium breveB632 and a mix of both strains’ culture,respectively. The three fermented beverages revealed a high level of polyphenols (expressed as gallicacid equivalent), ranging from 182.50 to 315.62μg/mL. The highest content of flavonoids (152.13μgquercetin equivalent/mL) and tannins (93.602μg catechin equivalent/mL) was detected in FB-lcsptrial. The IR spectroscopy analysis showed a decrease in sugar (pyranose forms, D-glucopyranoseand rhamnosides). In addition, the aromatic compounds of the fermented beverages, detected byGC-MS headspace analysis, showed twenty-four interesting volatile compounds, which could givepositive aroma attributes to the flavor of the beverages. The highest antioxidant activity was observedin the beverage obtained by the mix culture strains. Accordingly, the production of these beveragescan be further investigated for considering their well-being effects on human health

Regularity of the optimal shape for the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian with volume and inclusion constraints

We consider the well-known following shape optimization problem: $$\lambda_1(\Omega^*)=\min_{\stackrel{|\Omega|=a} {\Omega\subset{D}}} \lambda_1(\Omega),$$ where $\lambda_1$ denotes the first eigenvalue of the Laplace operator with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition, and $D$ is an open bounded set (a box). It is well-known that the solution of this problem is the ball of volume $a$ if such a ball exists in the box $D$ (Faber-Krahn's theorem). In this paper, we prove regularity properties of the boundary of the optimal shapes $\Omega^*$ in any case and in any dimension. Full regularity is obtained in dimension 2

Preparation of New Glycerol-Based Dendrimers and Studies on Their Behavior toward Essential Oil Encapsulation

peer reviewedTwo new families of glycerol-based dendrimers (glyceroladendrimers (GADs) and glyceroclickdendrimers (GCDs)) have been synthesized. Three generations have been isolated for each family with good yields and were fully analyzed. The encapsulation of essential oils (citronella and cinnamon) in GADs, GCDs, and also in previously described glycerodendrimers GD-PAMAMs and GD-PPIs has been studied by dynamic-headspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The retention rates obtained were from −35.8 to 26.65% for citronella essential oil and from 2.14 to 38.84% for the cinnamon essential oil. In addition, the best results were obtained with GD-PAMAMs and GD-PPIs of higher generation. The interaction study between essential oils or more precisely their major components have been performed through NMR spectroscopy (1 H NMR and DOSY NMR). No direct interactions between dendrimers and essential oils have been observed, but a surprising behavior of compression of the dendrimer in stable emulsions was observed. Indeed, the hydrodynamic radius of GD-PPI-3 has been reduced in the presence of cinnamon essential oil

Influence of Tunisian Revolution on Bullying at Work in Interns and Residents

This study aims to compare prevalence and determinants of workplace bullying, in interns and residents before and after Tunisian revolution and to assess its influence on their quality of life. It was a two-step-cross-sectional study, carried out in 2009 and in 2016, in547 interns and residents in 2009 and 667 in 2016.The prevalence of workplace bullying decreased significantly (p < 10−3) between 2009 (74%) and 2016 (43.6%). It was related to the professional status, gender, seniority, deliberate choice of medicine, satisfaction, serious family problems and hobbies in 2009 while it was related to professional status, nature of specialty, deliberate choice of medical studies and the satisfaction of the practice of Medicine in 2016.Most common acts were similar between both cohorts. Median mental and physical quality of life scores were below the mean baseline scores in both cohorts with no significant difference. Despite decrease in workplace bullying rate between both cohorts, its perception has not changed. Lawful criminalization, raising public awareness to reduce this phenomenon and prevent its negative effects are preventive measures to apply

Lung Adenocarcinoma with Gingival Metastasis

Gingival metastasis of lung cancer is uncommon. We report the case of an 82-year-old male smoker admitted to the pulmonology department with right pleural effusion. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed an invasive right hilar tumour, adherent to the superior vena cava, pulmonary artery, main right bronchus, mediastinal pleura and pericardium with lymphangitic carcinomatosis of the right lung. Pleural biopsy revealed pleural metastasis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma, its primary lung origin being confirmed by immunohistochemistry. One month later, the patient developed an ulcerated polypoid gingival mass. Biopsy of this lesion showed a poorly differentiated carcinoma compatible with metastasis from the lung adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent irradiation of the gingival mass at a dose of 30 Gray, but his condition worsened rapidly and he was not fit for chemotherapy. He received palliative treatment and died 2 months after diagnosis of his metastatic lung cancer

Herbal extracts for ensuring pork meat quality during cold storage

Funding Information: This research was supported by National Research Programme “Agricultural Resources for Sustainable Production of Qualitative and Healthy Foods in Latvia” (AgroBioRes) (2014–2017), project No. 4 “Sustainable use of local agricultural resources for qualitative and healthy food product development” (FOOD). Publisher Copyright: © 2017 De Gruyter Open Ltd. All rights reserved.Oxidation and microbial spoilage have a negative effect on the quality of meat and meat products, causing changes in their sensory and nutritional properties. Herbs contain biologically active compounds, like phenols with antioxidative and antimicrobial properties. Phenols can be used as substitutes for commercial antioxidants to prevent lipid oxidation, thus maintaining the colour and flavour of the product. The aim of the study was to investigate the the potential use of herbal extracts in ethanol/water application for the maintenance of pork meat quality during storage. Four herbs growing in Latvia - nettle (Urtica dioica L.), lovage (Levisticum officinale L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare), and horseradish (Armoracia rusticana L.) were chosen for the study. An optimal ethanol concentration for the extraction of the phenolic compounds was obtained with ethanol 50%/ water 50% concentration (v/v). Prepared herbal extracts were added to chilled pork to determine the quality of the pork during storage. Changes in meat quality and its sensory properties for chilled pork without extracts appeared on day 18 of storage. Negative changes in sensory properties of meat samples with nettle extract were observed on day 22 of storage, and with lovage, oregano, and horseradish extracts on day 32. Statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were observed for microbiological indices between pork samples with herbal extracts and the control sample.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Optimization of extraction conditions and enhancement of phenolic content and antioxidant activity of pearl millet fermented with Aspergillus awamori MTCC-548

AbstractThe present study envisaged two stage optimization of conditions using RSM for extraction of total phenolic compounds from pearl millet koji prepared with Aspergillus awamori. Antioxidant activity was determined by employing DPPH and radical cation of ABTS. In phase-1, fermentation time (5–8 days), extraction temperature (40–60 °C), extraction time (45–60 min.) and solvent (ethanol, 50%; 0.5 ml HCL + 99.5 ml methanol) were tested for maximizing extraction process. The optimum conditions of phenolic recovery were achieved at 8 days fermentation time, 40 °C extraction temperature, 45 min. extraction time with 50% ethanol as solvent, with values of 169.19 mg GAE/g for TPC, 262.7 VCEAC µmol/g for DPPH and 281.86 VCEAC µmol/g for ABTS. TPC were found to be positively correlated (p < 0.05) with DPPH and ABTS under these conditions. In phase-2, a central composite design was applied for design of experiments and model building using extraction time and extraction temperature as process variables for further maximizing the extraction of TPC. The optimized conditions using RSM for maximizing the extraction of total phenolic compounds were: ethanol concentration, 50%; extraction temperature, 44.5 °C and extraction time, 23.8 mins. Under these conditions, 176.82 mg GAE/g of total phenolic compounds were extracted which was very close to the predicted value of 173.2 mg GAE/g. The model was validated at these optimal points