853 research outputs found
Hope modified the association between distress and incidence of self-perceived medical errors among practicing physicians: prospective cohort study.
The presence of hope has been found to influence an individual's ability to cope with stressful situations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between medical errors, hope and burnout among practicing physicians using validated metrics. Prospective cohort study was conducted among hospital based physicians practicing in Japan (N = 836). Measures included the validated Burnout Scale, self-assessment of medical errors and Herth Hope Index (HHI). The main outcome measure was the frequency of self-perceived medical errors, and Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between hope and medical error. A total of 361 errors were reported in 836 physician-years. We observed a significant association between hope and self-report of medical errors. Compared with the lowest tertile category of HHI, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of self-perceived medical errors of physicians in the highest category were 0.44 (95%CI, 0.34 to 0.58) and 0.54 (95%CI, 0.42 to 0.70) respectively, for the 2(nd) and 3(rd) tertile. In stratified analysis by hope score, among physicians with a low hope score, those who experienced higher burnout reported higher incidence of errors; physicians with high hope scores did not report high incidences of errors, even if they experienced high burnout. Self-perceived medical errors showed a strong association with physicians' hope, and hope modified the association between physicians' burnout and self-perceived medical errors
Characterization of the distribution of the Lly\alpha emitters in the 53W002 field at z = 2.4
We present the results of our wide-field narrow band imaging of the field
around the radio galaxy 53W002 at z = 2.390 with Subaru/Suprime-Cam. A custom
made filter NB413 centered at 4140 \AA\ with the width of 83 \AA\ is used to
observe the 31' x 24' area around the radio galaxy. We detected 204 Ly\alpha
emitters (LAEs) at z = 2.4 with a rest frame equivalent width larger than 25
\AA\ to the depth of 26 AB mag (in NB413). The entire LAE population in the
53W002 field has an average number density and distributions of equivalent
width and size that are similar to those of other fields at z ~ 2. We identify
a significant high density region (53W002F-HDR) that spreads over ~ 5' x 4'
near 53W002 where the LAE number density is nearly four times as large as the
average of the entire field. Using the probability distribution function of
density fluctuation, we evaluate the rareness probability of the 53W002F-HDR to
be 0.9^{+2.4}_{-0.62}%, which corresponds to a moderately rich structure. No
notable environmental dependency at the comoving scale of 10 Mpc is found for
the distributions of the Ly\alpha equivalent width and luminosity in the field.
We also detected 4 Ly\alpha blobs (LABs), one of which is newly discovered.
They are all found to be located in the rims of high density regions. The
biased location and unique morphologies in Ly\alpha suggest that galaxy
interaction play a key role in their formation.Comment: 26 pages, 12 figure
Large Cosmic Variance in the Clustering Properties of Lyman Alpha Emitters at z~5
We reported in a previous paper the discovery of large-scale structure of
Lyman Alpha emitters (LAEs) at z=4.86+-0.03 with a projected size of 20 Mpc x
50 Mpc in narrow-band data of a 25' x 45' area of the Subaru Deep Field
(Omega_0=0.3, lambda_0=0.7, H0=70 km/s/Mpc). However, the surveyed area, which
corresponds to 55 Mpc x 100 Mpc, was not large enough that we can conclude that
we are seeing a typical distribution of z~5 LAEs. In this Letter, we report the
results of follow-up imaging of the same sky area using a new narrow-band
filter (NB704, lambda_c=7046 A and FWHM=100 A) to detect LAEs at z=4.79, i.e.,
LAEs lying closer to us by 39 Mpc on average than the z=4.86 objects. We detect
51 LAEs at z=4.79+-0.04 down to NB704=25.7, and find that their sky
distribution is quite different from the z=4.86 LAEs'. The clustering of z=4.79
LAEs is very weak on any scales and there is no large-scale high- contrast
structure. The shape and the amplitude of the angular correlation function are
thus largely different between the two samples. These results demonstrate a
large cosmic variance in the clustering properties of LAEs on scales of ~ 50
Mpc.Comment: 4 pages (uses emulateapj5.sty), accepted for ApJ
Diffuse Lyman Alpha Haloes around Lyman Alpha Emitters at z=3: Do Dark Matter Distributions Determine the Lyman Alpha Spatial Extents?
Using stacks of Ly-a images of 2128 Ly-a emitters (LAEs) and 24 protocluster
UV-selected galaxies (LBGs) at z=3.1, we examine the surface brightness
profiles of Ly-a haloes around high-z galaxies as a function of environment and
UV luminosity. We find that the slopes of the Ly-a radial profiles become
flatter as the Mpc-scale LAE surface densities increase, but they are almost
independent of the central UV luminosities. The characteristic exponential
scale lengths of the Ly-a haloes appear to be proportional to the square of the
LAE surface densities (r(Lya) \propto Sigma(LAE)^2). Including the diffuse,
extended Ly-a haloes, the rest-frame Ly-a equivalent width of the LAEs in the
densest regions approaches EW_0(Lya) ~ 200 A, the maximum value expected for
young (< 10^7 yr) galaxies. This suggests that Ly-a photons formed via shock
compression by gas outflows or cooling radiation by gravitational gas inflows
may partly contribute to illuminate the Ly-a haloes; however, most of their
Ly-a luminosity can be explained by photo-ionisation by ionising photons or
scattering of Ly-a photons produced in HII regions in and around the central
galaxies. Regardless of the source of Ly-a photons, if the Ly-a haloes trace
the overall gaseous structure following the dark matter distributions, it is
not surprising that the Ly-a spatial extents depend more strongly on the
surrounding Mpc-scale environment than on the activities of the central
galaxies.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Large-scale Filamentary Structure around the Protocluster at Redshift z=3.1
We report the discovery of a large-scale coherent filamentary structure of
Lyman alpha emitters in a redshift space at z=3.1. We carried out spectroscopic
observations to map the three dimensional structure of the belt-like feature of
the Lyman alpha emitters discovered by our previous narrow-band imaging
observations centered on the protocluster at z=3.1. The feature was found to
consist of at least three physical filaments connecting with each other. The
result is in qualitative agreement with the prediction of the 'biased'
galaxy-formation theories that galaxies preferentially formed in large-scale
filamentary or sheet-like mass overdensities in the early Universe. We also
found that the two known giant Lyman alpha emission-line nebulae showing high
star-formation activities are located near the intersection of these filaments,
which presumably evolves into a massive cluster of galaxies in the local
Universe. This may suggest that massive galaxy formation occurs at the
characteristic place in the surrounding large-scale structure at high redshift.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letter
- …