Platyceroidini, a new tribe of North American stag beetles(Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae)

The tribe Platyceroidini is created to accommodate two genera of North American stag beetles, Platyceroides Benesh and Platyceropsis Benesh (Lucanidae: Lucaninae). These genera are removed from the tribe Platycerini Mulsant

\u3ci\u3ePlusiotis alfredolaui\u3c/i\u3e, a new sibling species of \u3ci\u3eP. badeni\u3c/i\u3e Boucard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae)

Plusiotis alfredolaui is described from the vicinity of Fortin de las Flores, Veracruz, Mexico. It is very closely related to P. badeni Boucard, and is nearly indistinguishable externally. The male and female genitalia, however, are very different from those of P. badeni

A new cryptic species of metallic \u3ci\u3eChrysina\u3c/i\u3e Kirby (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) from western Honduras

A new species of Chrysina Kirby (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae), Chrysina porioni Monzón and Hawks, is described from the Sierra del Merendón west of San Pedro Sula, Honduras. This species is very similar to C. ericsmithi (Monzón and Cano), with which it has long been confused. Resumen. Se describe una nueva especie de Chrysina Kirby (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae), Chrysina porioni Monzón y Hawks, de la Sierra del Merendón al oeste de San Pedro Sula, Honduras. Esta especies es muy parecida a C. ericsmithi (Monzón y Cano), con la cuál se ha confundido por mucho tiempo

A new cryptic species of metallic \u3ci\u3eChrysina\u3c/i\u3e Kirby (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) from western Honduras

A new species of Chrysina Kirby (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae), Chrysina porioni Monzón and Hawks, is described from the Sierra del Merendón west of San Pedro Sula, Honduras. This species is very similar to C. ericsmithi (Monzón and Cano), with which it has long been confused. Resumen. Se describe una nueva especie de Chrysina Kirby (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae), Chrysina porioni Monzón y Hawks, de la Sierra del Merendón al oeste de San Pedro Sula, Honduras. Esta especies es muy parecida a C. ericsmithi (Monzón y Cano), con la cuál se ha confundido por mucho tiempo

A review of the primary types of the Hawaiian stag beetle genus \u3ci\u3eApterocyclus\u3c/i\u3e Waterhouse (Coleoptera, Lucanidae, Lucaninae), with the description of a new species

The species of the Hawaiian stag beetle genus Apterocyclus Waterhouse (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) are reviewed following an examination of all primary types. Although the continued existence of the species is unknown and some possibly are extinct there are five recently extant species, including one species that is described here as new. The holotypes for all available names are pictured, and synonymies discussed and updated. Lectotypes are designated for Apterocyclus honoluluensis Waterhouse and A. munroi Sharp. A key to species and a revised catalog for the genus are provided

Plusiotis alfredolaui, a new sibling species of P. badeni Boucard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae)

Plusiotis alfredolaui is described from the vicinity of Fortin de las Flores, Veracruz, Mexico. It is very closely related to P. badeni Boucard, and is nearly indistinguishable externally. The male and female genitalia, however, are very different from those of P. badeni

A new species of \u3ci\u3eChrysina\u3c/i\u3e Kirby (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) from the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico, with notes on the type locality of \u3ci\u3eChrysina adelaida\u3c/i\u3e (Hope, 1841)

This paper presents a taxonomic review of the genus Boreocanthon Halffter, restored generic sta­tus, a group of ball-rolling (telocoprid) dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) endemic to North America. The genus, heretofore treated as a subgenus of Canthon, comprises 13 species, each keyed, diagnosed, illustrated and presented with information on distribution, relationships, and biology (*signifies restored generic combination): *Boreocanthon ateuchiceps (Bates, 1887); B. coahuilensis (Howden, 1966); *B. depressipennis (LeConte, 1859c); *B. ebenus (Say, 1823); *B. forreri (Bates, 1887); *B. integricollis (Schaef­fer, 1915); *B. lecontei (Harold, 1868); *B. melanus (Robinson, 1948); *B. praticola (LeConte, 1868); *B. probus (Germar, 1823); *B. puncticollis (LeConte, 1866); *B. simplex (LeConte, 1857); as well as Boreocanthon halff­teri Edmonds here described as a new species. Other actions taken are a) Canthon mixtus Robinson declared junior subjective new synonym of Boreocanthon puncticollis; b) Canthon bisignatus Balthasar, 1939, declared junior subjective new synonym of Boreocanthon simplex; c) Boreocanthon coahuilensis (Howden) new ge­neric combination; and d) neotype designated for the type species of the genus Boreocanthon, Ateuchus ebenus Say, 1823, here Boreocanthon ebenus (Say). La localidad tipo aproximada de Chrysina adelaida (Hope, 1841) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) se fija en las montañas del sureste de México. Chrysina occidentalis Robacker and Hawks se describe como una nueva especie de la Sierra Madre Occidental en el noroeste de México con base en comparaciones morfométricas de adultos y cápsulas genitales con las de C. adelaida del sureste de México y con las de C. adelaida (de los autores) de la vecina estados al sur de la Sierra Madre Occidental

AN OVERVIEW OF THE CLASSIFICATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE MAJOR SCARAB BEETLE CLADES (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEOIDEA) BASED ON PRELIMINARY MOLECULAR ANALYSES

We present a preliminary overview of our molecular phylogenetics research on the superfamily Scarabaeoidea. The molecular data consists of 28S ribosomal DNA sequences (mainly D2 and D3 expansion regions) for over 600 taxa and 18S ribosomal DNA sequences (mainly E17 to E35 expansion regions) for over 150 representative taxa within the lineages sampled. Based on our preliminary molecular phylogenetic results, Scarabaeoidea includes three major groups: 1) Geotrupidae, Passalidae, and Pleocomidae; 2) Lucanidae, Diphyllostomatidae, Trogidae, and Glaresidae; and 3) Hybosoridae, Ochodaeidae, Glaphyridae, and Scarabaeidae. The broad evolutionary patterns within the Scarabaeoidea are discussed with respect to phylogeny and evolution

Sex differences in cognitive flexibility are driven by the estrous cycle and stress-dependent

Stress is associated with psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and panic disorders. Women are more likely to be diagnosed with these stress-related psychiatric disorders than men. A key phenotype in stress-related psychiatric disorders is impairment in cognitive flexibility, which is the ability to develop new strategies to respond to different patterns in the environment. Because gonadal hormones can contribute to sex differences in response to stress, it is important to consider where females are in their cycle when exposed to stress and cognitive flexibility testing. Moreover, identifying neural correlates involved in cognitive flexibility could not only build our understanding of the biological mechanisms behind this crucial skill but also leads to more targeted treatments for psychiatric disorders. Although previous studies have separately examined sex differences in cognitive flexibility, stress effects on cognitive flexibility, and the effect of gonadal hormones on cognitive flexibility, many of the findings were inconsistent, and the role of the estrous cycle in stress-induced impacts on cognitive flexibility is still unknown. This study explored potential sex differences in cognitive flexibility using an operant strategy shifting-paradigm after either control conditions or restraint stress in freely cycling female and male rats (with estrous cycle tracking in the female rats). In addition, we examined potential neural correlates for any sex differences observed. In short, we found that stress impaired certain aspects of cognitive flexibility and that there were sex differences in cognitive flexibility that were driven by the estrous cycle. Specifically, stress increased latency to first press and trials to criterion in particular tasks. The female rats demonstrated more omissions and perseverative errors than the male rats; the sex differences were mostly driven by proestrus female rats. Interestingly, the number of orexinergic neurons was higher in proestrus female rats than in the male rats under control conditions. Moreover, orexin neural count was positively correlated with number of perseverative errors made in cognitive flexibility testing. In sum, there are sex differences in cognitive flexibility that are driven by the estrous cycle and are stress-dependent, and orexin neurons may underlie some of the sex differences observed