2,179 research outputs found
The Biological Standard of Living in the two Germanies.
Physical stature is used as a proxy for the biological standard of living in the two Germanies before and after unification in an analysis of a cross-sectional sample (1998) of adult heights, as well as among military recruits of the 1990s. West Germans tended to be taller than East Germans throughout the period under consideration. Contrary to official proclamations of a classless society, there were substantial social differences in physical stature in East-Germany. Social differences in height were greater in the East among females, and less among males than in the West. The difficulties experienced by the East-German population after 1961 is evident in the increase in social inequality of physical stature thereafter, as well as in the increasing gap relative to the height of the West-German population. After unification, however, there is a tendency for East-German males, but not of females, to catch up with their West-German counterparts
Cranked Relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov Theory: Superdeformed Bands in the Region
Cranked Relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov (CRHB) theory is presented as an
extension of Relativistic Mean Field theory with pairing correlations to the
rotating frame. Pairing correlations are taken into account by a finite range
two-body force of Gogny type and approximate particle number projection is
performed by Lipkin-Nogami method. This theory is applied to the description of
yrast superdeformed rotational bands observed in even-even nuclei of the mass region. Using the well established parameter sets NL1 for the
Lagrangian and D1S for the pairing force one obtains a very successful
description of data such as kinematic () and dynamic ()
moments of inertia without any adjustment of new parameters. Within the present
experimental accuracy the calculated transition quadrupole moments agree
reasonably well with the observed data.Comment: 6 pages including 4 PostScript figures, uses RevTex, revised version,
Phys.Rev. C, Rapid Communications, in pres
Superfluid to normal phase transition and extreme regularity of superdeformed bands
We derive the exact semiclassical expression for the second inertial
parameter for the superfluid and normal phases. Interpolation between
these limiting values shows that the function changes sign at the
spin , which is critical for a rotational spectrum. The quantity
turns out to be a sensitive measure of the change in static pairing
correlations. The superfluid-to-normal transition reveals itself in the
specific variation of the ratio versus spin with the
plateau characteristic of the normal phase. We find this dependence to be
universal for normal deformed and superdeformed bands. The long plateau with a
small value explains the extreme regularity of
superdeformed bands.Comment: 30 pages in LaTeX, 6 figures (PostScript). To be published in
Yadernaya Fizika (Physics of Atomic Nuclei), special edition dedecated to the
90th birthday of Prof. I. I. Gurevit
The helicase HAGE prevents interferon-a-induced PML expression in ABCB5+ malignant melanoma-initiating cells by promoting the expression of SOCS1
The tumour suppressor PML (promyelocytic leukaemia protein) regulates several cellular pathways involving cell growth, apoptosis, differentiation and senescence. PML also has an important role in the regulation of stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Here, we show the involvement of the helicase HAGE in the transcriptional repression of PML expression in ABCB5 + malignant melanoma-initiating cells (ABCB5 + MMICs), a population of cancer stem cells which are responsible for melanoma growth, progression and resistance to drug-based therapy. HAGE prevents PML gene expression by inhibiting the activation of the JAK-STAT (janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription) pathway in a mechanism which implicates the suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (SOCS1). Knockdown of HAGE led to a significant decrease in SOCS1 protein expression, activation of the JAK-STAT signalling cascade and a consequent increase of PML expression. To confirm that the reduction in SOCS1 expression was dependent on the HAGE helicase activity, we showed that SOCS1, effectively silenced by small interfering RNA, could be rescued by re-introduction of HAGE into cells lacking HAGE. Furthermore, we provide a mechanism by which HAGE promotes SOCS1 mRNA unwinding and protein expression in vitro
Space charge in drift chambers operated with the Xe,CO2(15%) mixture
Using prototype modules of the ALICE Transition Radiation Detector we
investigate space charge effects and the dependence of the pion rejection
performance on the incident angle of the ionizing particle. The average pulse
height distributions in the drift chambers operated with the Xe,CO2(15%)
mixture provide quantitative information on the gas gain reduction due to space
charge accumulating during the drift of the primary ionization. Our results
demonstrate that the pion rejection performance of a TRD is better for tracks
which are not at normal incidence to the anode wires. We present detailed
simulations of detector signals, which reproduce the measurements and lend
strong support to our interpretation of the measurements in terms of space
charge effects.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Nucl.Instrum.Meth.
A. Data files available at http://www-alice.gsi.de/tr
Quantum transport through STM-lifted single PTCDA molecules
Using a scanning tunneling microscope we have measured the quantum
conductance through a PTCDA molecule for different configurations of the
tip-molecule-surface junction. A peculiar conductance resonance arises at the
Fermi level for certain tip to surface distances. We have relaxed the molecular
junction coordinates and calculated transport by means of the Landauer/Keldysh
approach. The zero bias transmission calculated for fixed tip positions in
lateral dimensions but different tip substrate distances show a clear shift and
sharpening of the molecular chemisorption level on increasing the STM-surface
distance, in agreement with experiment.Comment: accepted for publication in Applied Physics
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