Irrationality as a determinant of gender stereotyping towards women

Irrational thinking can be considered to be the key concept of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) and has been conceptualized as rigid und inflexible adherence to absolutistic thinking and person evaluations. Based on this definition we predicted a positive relation between irrationality and gender stereotyping towards women. Established reliable scales were used to assess the constructs in a non-student sample (N = 240). In line with assumptions we were able to detect a significant positive relation between irrationality and gender stereotyping while controlling for the Big Five, life satisfaction, sex and age. Implications for interventions concerning stereotypes are outlined

High-Speed Optical In-House Networks Using Polymeric Fibers

Data communication over polymer optical fibers (POF) is a good alternative method for local area networks to use an optical medium to transmit data in short-range environments like cars or copper in-house networks on the basis of IEEE 802.3. Many companies offer transceivers for the area of Ethernet networks in the visible wavelength range. In the first part of the chapter, a system comparison of manufacturers with interoperability check is presented. Here, the real transfer rates within a manufacturer and between all manufacturers are measured as a cross-check. In the second part of the chapter, the limitation of bandwidth due to the use of only one wavelength channel is discussed. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a promising candidate to significantly increase bandwidth in POF to more than 40 Gbit/s. Here, the problems in the development and manufacture of a demultiplexer (DEMUX) for WDM over POF as well as the results of the optical separation of four wavelength channels are described. At least, the possible extension of a WDM grid of ITU G.694.2 is discussed, which seems to be a hopeful candidate to introduce a standardized WDM grid for POF in the visible range to reach data rates of 40 Gbit/s up to 50 m POF

FSI of high performance high-lift devices with circulation control via conditioned coandã-jets

Current transport aircraft are limited to airports with comparatively long runways for take-off and landing. An aircraft with short take-off and landing capabilities is under investigation at the Collaborative Research Center 880. The aircraft employs circulation controlled high lift devices where high velocity air is blown through a slot in front of the flap. These high performance high-lift devices allow take-off and landing of the aircraft at runways of 800 m length. The curved flap leading edge induces a Coandˇa effect with the jet resulting in an attached flow up to the tip of the flap even at high deflection angles of up to 85 . Examination of the aeroelasticity of the wing is of high importance because of the sensitivity of the Coandˇa effect to perturbation through deformation and consequential change in flow. The large pressure gradients can play a significant role in the effective use of this jet system. Preliminary studies have shown an influence on aerodynamic performance due to slot deformation. Small changes in the aerodynamic characteristics can have adverse effects on the stall behavior. A flap section model of the wing is used to analyze the performance for several flight states. This high detail model allows capturing fine effects over the whole wing chord and on the slot region while still including wing deformations. The aerodynamic performance of the aeroelastic flap section model is compared to the characteristics of the rigid airfoil. The analyzed flight states give an insight into the influence of the deformation on the flow. Additionally the effects of jet momentum variation on aerodynamics is shown and the dominant stall phenomena presented. The local relative change in pressure can reach values between 10 and 20 % and has an influence on the stall behavior of the section. The change in aerodynamic performance illustrates the influence of small deformations on the sensitive circulation control

Realization of an Economical Polymer Optical Fiber Demultiplexer

Polymer Optical Fiber (POF) can be and are being used in various fields of applications. Two of the main fields are the automotive and the home entertainment sector. The POF can be applied in several different optical communication systems as automotive multi-media busses or in-house Ethernet systems. The requirements of bandwidth are increasing very fast in these sectors and therefore solutions that satisfy these demands are of high actuality. One solution is to use the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technique. Here, several different wavelengths can carry information over one POF fiber. All wavelengths that are transmitted over the fiber, must be separated at the receiver to regain and redirect the information channels. These separators are so-called Demultiplexers. There are several systems available on the market, which are all afflicted with certain disadvantages. But all these solutions have one main disadvantage, they are all too expensive for most of the applications mentioned above. So the goal of this study is to develop an economical Demultiplexer for WDM transmission over POF. The main idea is to separate the chromatic light in its monochromatic components with the help of a prism with low reciprocal dispersive power. The prism and the other assemblies, which are needed to adjust the optical path, should be manufactured in injection molding technique. This manufacturing technique is a very simple and economical way to produce a mass production applicable Demultiplexer for POF.Comment: 2006 International Students and Young Scientists Workshop "Photonics and Microsystems

Three domain thermal and mechanical fluid-structrure interaction analysis applied to cooled rocket thrust chambers

Regeneratively cooled combustion chamber and nozzle structures are exposed to extreme temperature gradients in space and time. One sided wall heating during the hot run generates thermomechanical loads that induce high heat fluxes on the surface and consequently high stresses inside the thin cooling channel structures. In order to address the strong interaction between the structure and the different flow fields a coupled simulation considering the thermal and mechanical interactions is desirable. The present study covers both physical couplings in a partitioned approach applied to the steady state case of a subscale thrust chamber. Furthermore, this study will present a novel full parametric 3D modelling approach for cooled rocket thrust chambers, which is specifically designed to reduce computational expense in FSI analyses by applying non conforming symmetry conditions across coupling interfaces. The parametrization ranges from thrust chamber contour design through CAD modelling up to grid generation of the individual domains. Further extension of the parametric approach allows the analysis of thermal protection systems applied inside the combustion chamber

Interaction strength between proteins and polyelectrolyte brushes : a small angle X-ray scattering study

We present an investigation of amp; 946; lactoglobulin adsorption onto spherical polyelectrolyte brushes SPBs by small angle X ray scattering SAXS . The SPB consists of a polystyrene core onto which long chains of poly styrene sulfonate are grafted. The amount and the distribution of proteins adsorbed in the brush layer at low ionic strength can be derived from SAXS. The analysis of the SAXS data reveals additionally that some of the protein molecules form aggregates of about six monomers in the adsorbed state. Furthermore, the position and the amount of slightly bound protein can be detected by the combination of the SAXS results and the SPB loading after extensive ultrafiltration. The total amount of adsorbed protein is compared to data derived from isothermal titration calorimetry. The comparison of both sets of data demonstrates that the protein molecules in the inner layers of the spherical polyelectrolyte brush are firmly bound. Proteins located in the outer layers are only weakly bound and can be washed out by prolonged ultrafiltratio

Optical Inhouse Networks

Optical fiber networks are currently the standard for delivering high bandwidth to customers. Various access technologies to business networks with a very high bandwidth up to access networks for buildings and individual consumers have emerged. In the area of business networks, bandwidths of 10 Gb/s have become established, while in the area of customer bandwidths of 100 Mb/s to 1 Gb/s are used. This chapter will focus on the optical network connections inside buildings. The use of optical glass fibers or/and polymeric optical fibers in different network topologies in connection to high-speed actual WIFI- technologies will be discussed

SAA fibrils involved in AA amyloidosis are similar in bulk and by single particle reconstitution: a MAS solid-state NMR study

AA amyloidosis is one of the most prevalent forms of systemic amyloidosis and affects both humans and other vertebrates. In this study, we compare MAS solid-state NMR data with a recent cryo-EM study of fibrils involving full-length murine SAA1.1. We address the question whether the specific requirements for the reconstitution of an amyloid fibril structure by cryo-EM can potentially yield a bias towards a particular fibril polymorph. We employ fibril seeds extracted from in to vivo material to imprint the fibril structure onto the biochemically produced protein. Sequential assignments yield the secondary structure elements in the fibril state. Long-range DARR and PAR experiments confirm largely the topology observed in the ex-vivo cryo-EM study. We find that the β-sheets identified in the NMR experiments are similar to the β-sheets found in the cryo-EM study, with the exception of amino acids 33–42. These residues cannot be assigned by solid-state NMR, while they adopt a stable β-sheet in the cryo-EM structure. We suggest that the differences between MAS solid-state NMR and cryo-EM data are a consequence of a second conformer involving residues 33–42. Moreover, we were able to characterize the dynamic C-terminal tail of SAA in the fibril state. The C-terminus is flexible, remains detached from the fibrils, and does not affect the SAA fibril structure as confirmed further by molecular dynamics simulations. As the C-terminus can potentially interact with other cellular components, binding to cellular targets can affect its accessibility for protease digestion