Capelin investigations in the Barents Sea in May - June 1973

The main aim of the investigation was to find the status of the capelin stock in the Barents Sea before the start of the summer fishery. The abundance was measured by acoustic means. The total distribution of the stock was found and also the relationship between the different year-classes. The main part of the stock was located along the polar front between Bear Island and Hope Island. The 1971 year-class dominated and was found to be rather rich, making together with the 1972 year-class more than 80 % of the stock. Adult capeling was mostly found in mixture with young capelin and only exceptionally recorded as catchable shoals

Comparison of gene expression in HCT116 treatment derivatives generated by two different 5-fluorouracil exposure protocols

BACKGROUND: Established colorectal cancer cell lines subjected to different 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment protocols are often used as in vitro model systems for investigations of downstream cellular responses to 5-FU and to generate 5-FU-resistant derivatives for the investigation of biological mechanisms involved in drug resistance. We subjected HCT116 colon cancer cells to two different 5-FU treatment protocols in an attempt to generate resistant derivatives: one that simulated the clinical bolus regimens using clinically-achievable 5-FU levels, the other that utilized serial passage in the presence of increasing 5-FU concentrations (continuous exposure). HCT116 Bolus3, ContinB, and ContinD, corresponding to independently-derived cell lines generated either by bolus exposure or continuous exposure, respectively, were characterized for growth- and apoptosis-associated phenotypes, and gene expression using 8.5 K oligonucleotide microarrays. Comparative gene expression analyses were done in order to determine if transcriptional profiles for the respective treatment derivatives were similar or substantially different, and to identify the signaling and regulatory pathways involved in mediating the downstream response to 5-FU exposure and possibly involved in development of resistance. RESULTS: HCT116 ContinB and ContinD cells were respectively 27-fold and >100-fold more resistant to 5-FU and had reduced apoptotic fractions in response to transient 5-FU challenge compared to the parental cell line, whereas HCT116 Bolus3 cells were not resistant to 5-FU after 3 cycles of bolus 5-FU treatment and had the same apoptotic response to transient 5-FU challenge as the parental cell line. However, gene expression levels and expression level changes for all detected genes in Bolus3 cells were similar to those seen in both the ContinB (strongest correlation) and ContinD derivatives, as demonstrated by correlation and cluster analyses. Regulatory pathways having to do with 5-FU metabolism, apoptosis, and DNA repair were among those that were affected by 5-FU treatment. CONCLUSION: All HCT116 derivative cell lines demonstrated similar transcriptional profiles, despite the facts that they were generated by two different 5-FU exposure protocols and that the bolus exposure derivative had not become resistant to 5-FU. Selection pressures on HCT116 cells as a result of 5-FU challenge are thus similar for both treatment protocols

Facies model for a coarse-grained, tide-influenced delta : Gule Horn Formation (Early Jurassic), Jameson Land, Greenland

Acknowledgements: Funding for this project was provided from the Research Council of Norway through the Petromaks project 193059 and the FORCE Safari Project. Arild Andresen (University of Oslo) and Aka Lynge (POLOG) are thanked for logistical support, Björn Nyberg (Uni Research CIPR and University of Bergen) for assistance in the field, Arve Næss (Statoil) for providing data and assistance during the planning phase, Julien Vallet and Huges Fournier (Helimap Systems SA) for data acquisition. Riegl LMS GmbH is acknowledged for software support. We thank Brian Willis and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful and thorough reviews and Mariano Marzo for editorial comments.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Neonatal Resuscitation Skill-Training Using a New Neonatal Simulator, Facilitated by Local Motivators: Two-Year Prospective Observational Study of 9000 Trainings

Globally, intrapartum-related complications account for approximately 2 million perinatal deaths annually. Adequate skills in neonatal resuscitation are required to reduce perinatal mortality. NeoNatalie Live is a newborn simulator providing immediate feedback, originally designed to accomplish Helping Babies Breathe training in low-resource settings. The objectives of this study were to describe changes in staff participation, skill-training frequency, and simulated ventilation quality before and after the introduction of “local motivators” in a rural Tanzanian hospital with 4000–5000 deliveries annually. Midwives (n = 15–27) were encouraged to perform in situ low-dose high-frequency simulation skill-training using NeoNatalie Live from September 2016 through to August 2018. Frequency and quality of trainings were automatically recorded in the simulator. The number of skill-trainings increased from 688 (12 months) to 8451 (11 months) after the introduction of local motivators in October 2017. Staff participation increased from 43% to 74% of the midwives. The quality of training performance, measured as “well done” feedback, increased from 75% to 91%. We conclude that training frequency, participation, and performance increased after introduction of dedicated motivators. In addition, the immediate constructive feedback features of the simulator may have influenced motivation and training quality performance.publishedVersio

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Short Analogues of the Marine Antimicrobial Peptide Turgencin A: Effects of SAR Optimizations, Cys-Cys Cyclization and Lipopeptide Modifications

We have synthesised short analogues of the marine antimicrobial peptide Turgencin A from the colonial Arctic ascidian Synoicum turgens. In this study, we focused on a central, cationic 12-residue Cys-Cys loop region within the sequence. Modified (tryptophan- and arginine-enriched) linear peptides were compared with Cys-Cys cyclic derivatives, and both linear and Cys-cyclic peptides were N-terminally acylated with octanoic acid (C8 ), decanoic acid (C10) or dodecanoic acid (C12). The highest antimicrobial potency was achieved by introducing dodecanoic acid to a cyclic Turgencin A analogue with low intrinsic hydrophobicity, and by introducing octanoic acid to a cyclic analogue displaying a higher intrinsic hydrophobicity. Among all tested synthetic Turgencin A lipopeptide analogues, the most promising candidates regarding both antimicrobial and haemolytic activity were C12-cTurg-1 and C8-cTurg-2. These optimized cyclic lipopeptides displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations of 4 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and the fungus Rhodothorula sp. Mode of action studies on bacteria showed a rapid membrane disruption and bactericidal effect of the cyclic lipopeptides. Haemolytic activity against human erythrocytes was low, indicating favorable selective targeting of bacterial cells

Økonomien i jordbruket på Østlandet. Utviklingstrekk 2002-2006. Tabellsamling 2002-2006

«Driftsgranskinger i jord- og skogbruk» er en årlig regnskapsundersøkelse der det på landsbasis deltar ca. 1 000 gårdsregnskap hvert år. Skatteregnskapene gjøres om til driftsregnskap og suppleres med tall for avlinger og arbeidsforbruk. Grunnlagsmaterialet for denne regnskapsundersøkelsen er omfattende, og mange data på distriktsnivå er det ikke mulig å få med i den landsdekkende publikasjonen. Ett av formålene ved å utgi denne publikasjonen er å gjøre tall for enkeltproduksjoner og for fylker enkeltvis tilgjengelig. NILF lager også slike oversikter for andre deler av landet, som Rogaland og Agderfylkene, Vestlandet, Trøndelag og Nord-Norge. En tabellsamling med tall for enkeltproduksjoner og fylker for 2002-2006 har en dominerende plass i notatet. Notatet inneholder en kortfattet tekstdel som diskuterer og framhever trender i utviklingen i økonomien i jordbruket de siste fem årene generelt, og utviklingen i 2006 spesielt. Tallene brukt i femårsoversiktene er deflatert etter konsumprisindeksen, mens tallene som er brukt i tabellsamlingen er nominelle kroner for hvert år. Det er noe utskifting av deltakerne i driftsgranskingene fra år til år, men kontinuiteten er god, og derfor vil trendene over fem år gi en god oversikt over den økonomiske utviklingen i jordbruket i landsdelen. I tillegg er totaløkonomien på brukene godt dokumentert. […

Økonomien i jordbruket på Østlandet. Utviklingstrekk 2001-2005. Tabellsamling 2001-2005

«Driftsgranskinger i jord- og skogbruk» er en årlig regnskapsundersøkelse der det på landsbasis deltar ca. 1 000 gårdsregnskap hvert år. Skatteregnskapene gjøres om til driftsregnskap og suppleres med tall for avlinger og arbeidsforbruk. Grunnlagsmaterialet for denne regnskapsundersøkelsen er omfattende, og mange data på distriktsnivå er det ikke mulig å få med i den landsdekkende publikasjonen. Ett av formålene ved å utgi denne publikasjonen er å gjøre tall for enkeltproduksjoner og for fylker enkeltvis tilgjengelig. NILF lager også slike oversikter for andre deler av landet, som Rogaland og Agderfylkene, Vestlandet, Trøndelag og Nord-Norge. En tabellsamling med tall for enkeltproduksjoner og fylker for 2001-2005 har en dominerende plass i notatet. Notatet inneholder en kortfattet tekstdel som diskuterer og framhever trender i utviklingen i økonomien i jordbruket de siste fem årene generelt, og utviklingen i 2005 spesielt. Tallene brukt i femårsoversiktene er deflatert etter konsumprisindeksen, mens tallene som er brukt i tabellsamlingen er nominelle kroner for hvert år. Det er noe utskifting av deltakerne i driftsgranskingene fra år til år, men kontinuiteten er god, og derfor vil trendene over fem år gi en god oversikt over den økonomiske utviklingen i jordbruket i landsdelen. I tillegg er totaløkonomien på brukene godt dokumentert