Investigation of organic composition of potential plants as alternative fiber in paper making industry

Malaysia was known as a country that rich with a source of agro waste material. Three different crops had been studied which include the pineapple (Ananas Comosus) leaf, corn (Zea mays) stalk and Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum). Those crops were characterized as agro waste material in Malaysia and have a high potential to become an alternative fiber. The objective of this work was to analysis the chemical composition which are pineapple leaf, corn stalk and Napier grass; to investigate the properties of hand sheet made from those crops; to determine the influence of different pulping process and process variables on the physical and chemical properties. Every chemical components analyse; Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Ash and Lignin content by TAPPI Test Method. All of three samples were undergo acidic and alkali pulping process. Fiber Analyser was used for fiber analysis and SEM use for observation on sample. From pulping process, the step will continue for papermaking. Lastly, tensile, bursting, folding, and tearing tester machine will test paper production. Result shows that pineapple leaf gives high cellulose content (66.2%) and lower lignin content (4.2%) compared corn stalk and napier grass. Alkaline pulping shows a quality of pulp rather than acidic pulping process due to the pulp strength and colour of fiber. Corn stalk gives a high potential to be an alternative for mechanical properties viewed. High tensile index (90.99 Nm/g), burst 2 index (6.64 kPa*m /g) and fold index (3.51 Nm) by corn stalk paper rather than pineapple leaf and napier grass but lower in tear index (2.85 Nm /g). This wass due to the long fiber length by pineapple leaf about 13.36 mm from SEM images. This arrangement form and effect a structure of fiber. Based on all tests, corn stalk materials have high potential to be fiber substitution but pineapple leaf and napier grass have their own characteristic to be alternative fiber. This research also promote green technology where one of the solid waste material technology for waste from agricultural residue.

Development of heterogeneous base catalyst for transesterification reaction

Among the many possible clean fuel sources, biodiesel derived from vegetable oil (VO) attracts attention as a promising one for substitution or blending with conventional diesel-based fuels. The current process utilizes alkali hydroxide dissolved in methanol for catalyzing the transesterification. However, the homogeneous catalyst gives a problem to environmental which would be leading the environmentally toxic. Therefore, the heterogeneous base catalyst should be developing to replace the homogeneous base catalyst as prevention. Here, the Calcium Oxide (CaO) loaded on Alumina (CaO/Al2O3) is used as the heterogeneous base catalyst for transesterification of Palm Oil and Methanol. The CaO/Al2O3 was prepared by using impregnation method and calcined at 650°C for 5 hours and characterized by Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Both of equipment showed that Calcium Oxide is successfully supported by Alumina which 50% Calcium Oxide loading on Alumina is the best result. Then the catalyst was tested for the transesterification between palm oil and methanol. The transesterification reaction between palm oil and methanol is carried out at different parameter such as reaction temperature, mass ratio of catalyst to oil and molar ratio of methanol to oil. Then, the sample is analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC). The result showed that the higher conversion of biodiesel is obtained by adding CaO catalyst of 3.5%, reaction temperature of 65°C and molar ratio of methanol to oil of 14:1. The higher total conversion of biodiesel is 48.82%. As a conclusion, the biodiesel conversion increased when there are increase in reaction temperature, amount of catalyst loading and molar ratio of methanol to oil

Learning chemistry using 3D approach : 3D atomic cubic

This research is about the development of the 3D courseware named as 3D-Atomic Cubic as a tool for teaching and learning Chemistry subject. This 3D-Atomic Cubic courseware contains all multimedia elements used to attract students’ attention for learning the contents. This courseware is specifically developed for a topic in Chemistry subject for student of Mechanical Engineering in Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM). The questionnaire is the instrument used in this research to determine the problem statement. Based on the questionnaires, Properties of Matter topic is identify as the most difficult topic, because students need to understand and visualize the arrangement of the atom in Cubic Cell. One of their problems faced when learning this topic is student enable to imagine the arrangement of the atom easily. By using traditional approach, the visualization of the model is using two dimensional (2D) models, as a result student hard to imagine the real scenario. This research is focusing on delivery approach of learning by using three dimensional (3D) approaches in studying Chemistry subject. The advantages gained from this research can benefit the students, lecturers, education industry, high institution and also the public. The development methodology of 3D Atomic Cubic courseware was developed using life cycle of 3D Atomic Cubic that based on the ADDIE model. This methodology consist five phase represents a series of task that help to ensure the development efforts stay on tract, on time and on target. Completing each phase is an important element for the instructional design process. For the preliminary analysis, 52 students from the whole Mechanical Engineering students who already took Chemistry subject are involved in determining the difficult topic in Chemistry subject. For evaluation on the effectiveness of 3D-Atomic Cubic Courseware, 52 of Mechanical Engineering students from UTeM is involved and they are divided by two which are Conventional and Experimental Group. From the analysis of the result, both of conventional and experiment group showed an improvement but the student who use 3D-Atomic Cubic courseware get higher mark. This shows that 3D-Atomic Cubic courseware can be used as teaching aid material in classroom since it shows those students who use the courseware get better result. This research found that a 3D element is very useful in helping students to understand chemistry subject especially in visualizing the arrangement of the atom

Cadangan merekabentuk galeri kaligrafi di Ukay Boulevard, Lot Pt 2633, Jalan Lingkaran Tengah 2 daerah Gombak Selangor Darul Ehsan / Amirul Firdaus Mohd Hatta

Tulisan tertua di Malaysia iaitu kaligrafi khat telah di guna pakai sejak dari sebelum masihi. Tetapi, di era yang kian membangun kini penggunaan kaligrafi jawi kini kian dilupakan oleh golongan muda dan penduduk Malaysia. Kaligrafi jawi atau khat merupakan tulisan yang berasal dari Arab, dimana penggunaannya meluas digunakan dalam penyebaran islam sehinggalah ia masuk dan digunakan di Malaysia. Tujuan cadangan merekabentuk galeri kaligrafi di Ukay Boulevard, Lot PT 2633, Jalan Lingkaran Tengah 2 Daerah Gombak Selangor Darul Ehsan adalah untuk mengembangkan pengetahuan kaligrafi kepada rakyat Malaysia dan untuk memartabatkan juga mempertingkatkan penggunaan kaligrafi hingga ke peringkat yang tertinggi. Terdapat beberapa galeri yang masih menerapkan unsur-unsur khat jawi berdasarkn pemerhatian dan penyelidikkan yang dijalankan contohnya di galeri Selangor Shah Alam, dimana galeri tersebut kurang tarikan pelanggan dan modul pameran yang digunakan telah lama sejak dari pembukaan galeri tersebut. Diwani Kraf merupakan satu pengusaha yang mengeluarkan dan menghasilkan produk kaligrafi dan juga turut membuka kelas khat diatas tujuan untuk mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan kaligrafi tersebut. Terdapat beberapa isu yang menjadi titik tolak di dalam cadangan merekabentuk galeri baru ini, antaranya ialah tiada tempat yang sesuai untuk mempamirkan hasil karya, kekurangan ruang dan ketiadaan kedai untuk menjual hasil-hasil produk tersebut. Di bawah persetujuan Persatuan Seni Khat Malaysia projek ini adalah untuk menyediakan tempat yang lebih sesuai untuk tujuan pameran dan galeri di dalam memartabatkan seni khat di masa hadapan. Konsep yang diadiptasikan di dalam galeri ialah 'Kesucian Intipati Khat' dimana kesucian makna dalam tulisan khat yang terdiri dari ayat Quran adalah suci dan sebaik baik kalimah Allah. Inilah yang ingin di sampaikan kepada pengunjung bahwasanya kecantikkan dan kesenian tulisan khat itu bukan sahaja terletak pada bentuk dan kecantikkan luaran tetapi dari makna ayat Quran itu sendiri. Unsur unsur khat seperti Nastaliq 'tergantung', melengkung, bersambung, dan berbentuk digunakan dalam unsur rekabentuk galeri. Moden kontemporari, Hi-tech, dan futuristik adalah gambaran bagi rekabentuk galeri

UMP associates internalise Rukun Negara as key for unity

Pekan, 26 August 2020 - ‘A pipe shapes flowing water, consensus shapes flowing words’, that is the old adage that Malaysians need to hold in maintaining national harmony and unity

Simulation of Syngas Production via Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane in a Fluidized Bed Reactor

The paper produced is to present the simulation results of an experiment. The experiment is about the reaction engineering of carbon dioxide reforming of methane in a fluidized bed reactor. The model to be constructed will be used to analysed mechanism and activity of the reaction. Carbon dioxide reforming is the latest method of obtaining syngas a valuable feedstock for many petrochemical industries. The product varies from naphtha to diesel and fuel additives in automotive industry. The project involves a study on surface engineering that is catalytic mechanism and activity of the process. Generally the study is based on a journal, which has been selected as the case study. Upon understanding of the basic mechanism, a simple simulation will be carried out for the selected process. Extensive literature review will give sufficient information towards the development of the model. Some calculations were made in order to obtain some parameters and variables, which will be used in the computer simulation. From the model created, it is found that the concentration profile along the catalyst bed drops at a very high rate before slowing down. Factors affecting the behavior of the reactant concentration will be discussed further

The Study of Tensile Failure on Thin Plate Hybrid Composites with Drilled Hole

This report basically presents the research that had been done on the topic "The Study of Tensile Failure on Thin Plate Hybrid Composites with Drilled Holes". This study involves using had lay up technique on fabrication of 2.0mm thickness plate samples of 55% volume fraction of woven cloth carbon fiber and woven cloth glass fiber of orientation of0/90/0/90 in polyester matrix. Using a 5mm HSS drill bit, the samples are drilled using CNC drilling machine with feed rate of 0.05mm/rev and 0.15mrn/rev, and spindle speed of690, 790, 1250, 1340,2500, and 2700 RPM. The damage extension due to the drilling are observed and measured using 3D Non Contact machine and the damage factor are carried out to analyze the effect drilling parameters to the samples. Surface roughness of the feed rate is measured using Profilometer for alternative to measure the drilling effect. Tensile test using UTM I OOkN machine is used to acquire the tensile properties of each of the sample along with the undrilled ones. Analysis including using Scanning Electron Microscopic for microscopic view for the surface of the drilled area, delamination extension due to the tensile force, damage factor of drilled area and surface roughness are compiled together and compared to investigate the relation of each of the data to the tensile properties

COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE OF HIZBUT TAHRIR INDONESIA (HTI) IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CADRE IN NORTH SUMATERA

This study aimed to analyze the communication techniques applied Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) in the development of cadres in North Sumatra. The approach used in this research is qualitative approach, with reason to understand the problem in its natural setting, and interpret this phenomenon based on the meaning given by the informant, also because this research is multidimensional which is the result of various situation complexity, so it needs to be analyzed the context around it . The informant of this research is determined by purposive technique that is explored based on the purpose of this research, with informant plan amounted to 6 (six) people that is 1 (one) management and 5 (five) person responsible lajnah. Based on the data obtained, the results of this study are, there are three communication techniques applied by the HTI in cadre development activities are: (1) informative techniques, namely by providing information about HTI and the main ideas it develops, to all levels of society both students , students, scholars, intellectuals, as well as influential figures in society such as government leaders, legislators, leaders of mass organizations, leaders of political parties, etc., as well as members of the cadre at the general level of learning, general level, (2) persuasive techniques by inviting them to join and support HTI preaching through dialogue, discussion, bulletin sharing, magazines, etc., and (3) the technique of human relationships by giving advice inter-personal to the community or members experiencing problems through consultation activities Key Words: Communication Technique, Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia, The Development of Cadre.

Effectiveness of interpersonal communication on patient satisfaction in goverment out patient clinics, in the district of Kuala Langat, Selangor , 1997

A cross sectional study was carried out in the District of Kuala Langat, Selangor in February 1997. The intention is to determine the relationship between effective communication of individuals towards patient satisfaction and factors that influence effective communication. The study was carried out in outpatient clinics of six health clinics and a district hospital which involves 336 patients selected using universal sampling. The data was obtained using guided questionnaires. The outcome of the study shows significant relationship between effective communication and patient satisfaction (t = 3.06, p < 0.05). Communication media, verbal communication and non verbal communication are also the factors that shows significant relationship towards effective communication. Other factors studied such as patient age, sex and ethnic group, doctor's attitude, sex of the doctor and doctor's communication skill do not show any significant relationship towards effective communication. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out between media factor, verbal communication and non-verbal communication against effective communication. The result shows that a doctor using media during interaction with a patient, communicates 2.8 times more effective than a doctor who does not utilise the media. For a doctor using verbal communication with easily understood language, the communication is 3.4 times more effective than a doctor who does not use an easily understood language. Meanwhile, a doctor who use non-verbal communication, produce 2.3 times more effective communication as compared to a doctor who did otherwise. By controlling all the confounding factors at the same time, the three factors above still shows significant relationship. This indicates that the factors are the predictive factors towards effective communication. Since effective communication by doctors is an important factor in ensuring patient satisfaction, therefore a comprehensive study should be carried out by taking into consideration other factors which would contribute to effective communication and patient satisfactio

Oil Palm Leaf and Corn Stalk – Mechanical Properties and Surface Characterization

AbstractAgro waste can be defined as waste from agricultural plant. Oil palm leaf and corn stalk can be categorized as ago waste material. At first, the comparison between oil palm leaf and corn stalk by mechanical properties from soda pulping process. After that, this study focusing on surface characterization by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Both materials have a potential due to the mechanical properties (tensile, tear, burst and fold) and surface characterization but corn stalk shows more in strength and compactness due to fibre characterization compared to oil palm leaf. This study promoting the green technology in developing a friendly product and suitable to be used as an alternative pulp in paper making industry