Nuclear Hormone Receptor Expression in Mouse Kidney and Renal Cell Lines

Nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) are transcription factors that regulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, immune responses, and inflammation. Although several NHRs, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and PPARα, demonstrate a renoprotective effect in the context of diabetic nephropathy (DN), the expression and role of other NHRs in the kidney are still unrecognized. To investigate potential roles of NHRs in the biology of the kidney, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to profile the expression of all 49 members of the mouse NHR superfamily in mouse kidney tissue (C57BL/6 and db/m), and cell lines of mesangial (MES13), podocyte (MPC), proximal tubular epithelial (mProx24) and collecting duct (mIMCD3) origins in both normal and high-glucose conditions. In C57BL/6 mouse kidney cells, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) and COUP-TFIII were highly expressed. During hyperglycemia, the expression of the NHR 4A subgroup including neuron-derived clone 77 (Nur77), nuclear receptor-related factor 1, and neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 significantly increased in diabetic C57BL/6 and db/db mice. In renal cell lines, PPARδ was highly expressed in mesangial and proximal tubular epithelial cells, while COUP-TFs were highly expressed in podocytes, proximal tubular epithelial cells, and collecting duct cells. High-glucose conditions increased the expression of Nur77 in mesangial and collecting duct cells, and liver x receptor α in podocytes. These data demonstrate NHR expression in mouse kidney cells and cultured renal cell lines and suggest potential therapeutic targets in the kidney for the treatment of DN

Study of Thin Iron Films for Polarization Analysis of Ultracold Neutrons

The TUCAN (TRIUMF Ultra-Cold Advanced Neutron) collaboration aims to search for the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) with unprecedented precision. One of the essential elements for the nEDM measurement is a polarization analyzer of ultracold neutrons (UCNs), whose main component is a magnetized thin iron film. Several thin iron films were deposited on aluminum and silicon ubstrates and were characterized by vibrating sample magnetometry and cold-neutron reflectometry. A magnetic field required to saturate the iron film is $\sim$12 kA/m for those on the aluminum substrates and 6.4 kA/m for the silicon substrates. The magnetic potential of the iron films on the Si substrate was estimated to be 2 T by the neutron reflectometry, which is sufficient performance for an UCN polarization analyzer of the nEDM measurement.Comment: Proceedings of the 24th International Spin Symposium (SPIN 2021), 18-22 October 2021, Matsue, Japa

カンゴ ケイ ダイガクセイ ノ ケンコウ ド ト セイカツ シュウカン ノ ジッタイ

背景 人々のライフサイクルにおける青年期は, 体格や体力が最も充実し疾患が発症しにくいため日常生活に乱れが生じやすくなる時期でもある. これまでの研究では, 青年期である学生の日常生活と健康状態に関する研究は多く報告されている. しかし, 看護系大学生を対象にした健康状態と生活習慣を調査した研究は少ない. 目的 看護系大学生の健康度と生活習慣の実態を明らかにすることを目的とした. 方法 2011年7月中旬から12月, A大学看護学部の1年生に, 健康度・生活習慣診断検査 (DIHAL2) 及び, 独自に作成した基本属性調査用紙を用いた自己記入式質問紙調査を実施した. 結果・考察 対象看護系大学生の運動面における生活習慣では, 運動意識がやや低い傾向, 食事面及び休息面における生活習慣ではもう少し (中間位) の傾向, 嗜好品面における生活習慣では非常に優れている傾向がみられた. また健康度・生活習慣パターン判定 (総合判定) では, 健康度生活習慣要注意型46.4%, 健康度生活習慣充実型24.6%, 健康度要注意型15.9%, 生活習慣要注意型13.0%であった. 今回対象とした看護系学生は, 健康度及び生活習慣共に望ましくない者が過半数弱を占めていた. これは, 大学生には健康度生活習慣要注意型が最も多いという先行研究で述べられている結果と同傾向であり, 日常生活にみだれが生じやすくなる青年期の特徴と同傾向であった. 結論 A大学看護学部1年生69名の健康度と生活習慣の実態を検討したところ, 健康度及び生活習慣共に望ましくない健康度生活習慣要注意型が最も多くみられ, 大学生の結果に共通すると共に青年期の特徴と同傾向であることが明らかになった.Background The adolescent period is the one during which we can fulfill our physical potential, making us less likely to fall ill. This is also a period, however, during which our lifestyle tend to be irregular by placing too much confidence in it. Objective/Methods In order to clarify the actual health and lifestyle of nursing students, students completed a revised version of the Diagnostic Inventory of Health and Lifestyle (DIHAL2). Result/Discussion Results indicated that the respondents had lifestyles that substantially ignored exercise; however, their lifestyles did emphasize diet and rest (somewhat) and they markedly moderated use of alcohol, tobacco, coffee, and other drugs. In addition, ascertaining health and lifestyle patterns (determined overall) indicated that 46.4% of respondents had risky health and lifestyle behaviors, 24.6% had adequate health and lifestyle behaviors, 15.9% had risky health behaviors, and 13.0% had risky lifestyle behaviors. Almost a majority of the nursing students who responded to this survey had risky health and lifestyle behaviors. This trend coincides with results of previous studies indicating that college students most often have risky health and lifestyle behaviors. The same trend is a sign of adolescence, when everyday routines are most readily disrupted.Conclusions We need to advise students to become conscious of the importance of their own health and lifestyle for fulfilling nursing jobs in the days ahea

Regulation of NR4A nuclear receptors by p38

In Drosophila, the melanization reaction is an important defense mechanism against injury and invasion of microorganisms. Drosophila tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, also known as Pale) and dopa decarboxylase (Ddc), key enzymes in the dopamine synthesis pathway, underlie the melanin synthesis by providing the melanin precursors dopa and dopamine, respectively. It has been shown that expression of Drosophila TH and Ddc is induced in various physiological and pathological conditions, including bacterial challenge; however, the mechanism involved has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that ectopic activation of p38 MAPK induces TH and Ddc expression, leading to upregulation of melanization in the Drosophila cuticle. This p38-dependent melanization was attenuated by knockdown of TH and Ddc, as well as by that of Drosophila HR38, a member of the NR4A family of nuclear receptors. In mammalian cells, p38 phosphorylated mammalian NR4As and Drosophila HR38 and potentiated these NR4As to transactivate a promoter containing NR4A-binding elements, with this transactivation being, at least in part, dependent on the phosphorylation. This suggests an evolutionarily conserved role for p38 MAPKs in the regulation of NR4As. Thus, p38-regulated gene induction through NR4As appears to function in the dopamine synthesis pathway and may be involved in immune and stress responses

Long-term complete remission of early hematological relapse after discontinuation of immunosuppressants following allogeneic transplantation for Sezary syndrome

Sezary syndrome (SS) is a leukemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and is chemo-resistant. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a promising therapy for SS; however, relapse is common. Therapeutic options after relapse have not been established. We managed an SS patient with hematological relapse within one month after transplantation. After discontinuation of immunosuppressants, she achieved complete remission and remained relapse-free. The chimeric analyses of Tcells showed that the full recipient type became complete donor chimera after immunological symptoms. This clinical course suggested that discontinuation of immunosuppressants may result in a graftversus- tumor effect, leading to the eradication of lymphoma cells

Dose Measurements through the Concrete and Iron Shields under the 100 to 400 MeV Quasi-Monoenergetic Neutron Field (at RCNP, Osaka Univ.)

Shielding benchmark experiments are useful to verify the accuracy of calculation methods for the radiation shielding designs of high-energy accelerator facilities. In the present work, the benchmark experiments were carried out for 244- and 387-MeV quasi-monoenergetic neutron field at RCNP of Osaka University. Neutron dose rates through the test shields, 100-300 cm thick concrete and 40-100 cm thick iron, were measured by four kinds of neutron dose equivalent monitors, three kinds of wide-energy range monitors applied to high-energy neutron fields above 20 MeV and a conventional type rem monitor for neutrons up to 20 MeV, placed behind the test shields. Measured dose rates were compared one another. Measured results with the wide-energy range monitors were in agreement one another for both the concrete and the iron shields. For the conventional type rem monitor, measured results are smaller than those with the wide-energy range monitors for the concrete shields, while that are in agreements for the iron shields. The attenuation lengths were obtained from the measurements. The lengths from all the monitors are in agreement on the whole, though some differences are shown. These results are almost same as those from others measured at several hundred MeV neutron fields

Multinucleation followed by an acytokinetic cell division in myxofibrosarcoma with giant cell proliferation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Multinucleated cells are frequently seen in association with a malignant neoplasm. Some of these multinucleated cells are considered to be neoplastic. The mechanism of neoplastic multinucleation remains unknown, but is considered to be induced by either cell-cell fusion or acytokinetic cell division. Myxofibrosarcoma consists of spindled and pleomorphic tumor cells and bizarre multinucleated giant cells. Some of these multinucleated cells are considered to be neoplastic.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We studied the mitotic activity of the multinucleated cells by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry, and the dynamics and differentiation by live-cell video microscopy in the two myxofibrosarcoma cell lines to determine whether the mechanism of multinucleation is cell-cell fusion or acytokinetic cell division</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A Ki-67 immunohistochemical analysis revealed a high positive rate of multinucleated cells, as well as mononuclear cells, and mitotic ability was shown in the multinucleated cells. In live-cell video microscopy, most of the multinucleated cells were induced via the process of acytokinetic cell division.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The current study indicates that a vulnerability of the cytoskeleton components, such as the contractile ring, causes multinucleation to occur from the telophase to the cytokinesis of the cell cycle.</p