Evaluation of the impact of Acacia nilotica and Annona senegalensis as potential sources of phytogenic compounds on performances of commercial broiler chickens

The study investigated the impact of Acacia nilotica and Annona senegalensis leaves, as potential sources of phytogenics in broiler diets through a completely randomized design experiment. For both plants, chickens in control were fed diets without phytogenic sources, while the chicken in the test groups T2, T3, and T4, were fed with diets containing 200 g leaves per kg of feed, 200 g seed (ANS) per kg of feed, and 100 g each of both leaves and seeds per kg of feed, respectively. Performance parameters including body weight, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio was recorded while haematological parameters including white blood cells, haematocrit, platelets, haemoglobin, and red blood cells of the chickens were assessed at the end of the study. The results showed that broilers fed diet containing both Acacia nilotica leaves and seeds (T4) had the highest body weight at 8 weeks (5011.10g, p<0.05), total feed intake (4100.00g, p<0.05), weight gain (4298.70g, p<0.05), and the most efficient feed-to-gain ratio (0.95, p<0.05). The broiler chickens fed diets containing Annona senegalensis leaves and seeds showed no significant differences in final body weight or weight gain compared to the control group (p = 0.414), with T3 having the highest average final body weight (3480g). However, feed intake patterns varied significantly, with T2 having the lowest average feed intake (2993g, p<0.05), and the control group having the highest feed intake, while no significant differences were observed in feed conversion ratios (FCR) among all groups, indicating similar feed efficiency across diets. Supplementation with Acacia nilotica leaves and seeds significantly increased white blood cell counts (p<0.05) in broiler chickens, with T2, T3, and T4 showing higher values (98.78 x 106/μL, 101.08 x 106/μL, and 101.24 x 106/μL, respectively) compared to control (82.98 x 106/μL). Conversely, Annona senegalensis leaves and seeds did not significantly affect white blood cell counts or other haematological parameters (p>0.05). This study demonstrates the potential of Acacia nilotica and Annona senegalensis as promising phytogenic alternatives for enhancing broiler chicken performance. However further research is warranted to explore the specific bioactive compounds in the test ingredients for these effects and optimize their use in poultry diets for sustainable and productive poultry production

PERFORMANCE OF FP 200 PVDF MEMBRANE EQUIPMENT IN POLYPHENOL PURIFICATION FROM PINK GUAVA JUICE WASTE

Juice processing plants, such as pink guava, still contain substances that have economic value such as anti-oxidant polyphenols. The polyphenols recovery process is carried out using a membrane separation FP 200 PVDF type, by reason of the membrane separation process without using heat to avoid damage from the polyphenols structure. The duration of the recovery process affects the performance of flow rate of the membrane, there is a decrease in the flow rate of 0.033 ml/min for the process in TMP 1 bar and 0.038 ml/min and 0.044 ml/min for TMP 2 and 3 bars respectively. Cleaning is done to improve membrane performance, cleaning using HNO3 is more effective than just using clean water. The process of recovery of polyphenols was carried out at 1 bar TMP and resulting 54% recovery of polyphenols. After the cleaning process % recovery of polyphenols decreases compared to the results of the first recovery. SEM shows the absorption of polyphenols and other contaminants in the pores of the membrane, thus affecting the performance of the membran

Quality of raw milk available at different markets of Mymensingh region of Bangladesh

The experiment was performed to evaluate the quality of raw milk available at different markets of Mymensingh region of Bangladesh. For this purpose the raw milk samples were collected from different markets of Mymensingh (T1), Jamalpur (T2), Netrokona (T3) and Serpur (T4) districts and immediately transferred to the Dairy Technology and Microbiology Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh for analysis. Parameters studied to monitor the quality of milk samples were physical (colour, flavour, taste, texture and specific gravity), chemical (acidity, fat, ash, protein, lactose, TS and SNF) and microbiological (total viable count and coliform count). Organoleptic test revealed that the raw milk samples of Mymensingh (T1) district were yellowish white 66.66%, Whitish 33.33%; Jamalpur (T2) were yellowish white 66.66%, light yellowish white 33.33%; Netrokona (T3) were yellowish white 100% and Serpur (T4) were yellowish white 33.33%, light yellowish white 33.33% and Whitish 33.33%. Samples of T₁, T2 and T3 had normal flavor (pleasant aromatic flavour) but only T4 had 33.33% abnormal flavour. All the raw milk samples were slightly sweet in taste. Milk samples collected from Netrokona (T3) showed normal texture (free flowing liquid) but Mymensingh (T₁), Jamalpur (T₂) and Serpur (T4) had free flowing liquid 66.66% and thin texture 33.33%.The specific gravity of all raw milk samples were more or less same (1.026±0.00). There were significant (P< 0.01) differences in chemical parameters (fat and protein) between the raw milk samples.Highest fat (34.30 ±1.00 g/kg) was found in Mymensingh (T₁) and highest protein (31.90±0.20 g/kg) was found in Serpur (T4). The overall percentage of acidity was 0.16 ±0.01. The average total viable count (cfu/ml) and coliform count (cfu/ml) were 19.26x10³ and 559.164, respectively and it was observed that total viable count (cfu/ml) and coliform count (cfu/ml) of milk samples were high.Itis concluded thatthe raw milk quality of different markets of Mymensingh region of Bangladesh was more or less similar butdid not fulfill the legal standard of milk composition. Poor hygienic milking, improper cleaning of dairy utensils, unhygienic handling during marketing of raw milk and use of adulterated with addition of water mayresponsible for unhealthy and inferiority of the milk

Screening of seven poultry species for endoparasites in some live-birds markets within Kaduna metropolis

The study aimed to determine the prevalence rate, the level of endoparasites infestation among breeds of birds and most infested parasite in the birds in some live bird markets. 245 faecal samples were collected from some species of birds in 7 live bird markets in Kaduna metropolis undergo sedimentation and floatation for survey of endoparasites. The result showed that 14 (5.7%) samples were positive for endoparasites. There were prevalence variations among different endoparasites such as Ascaridia galli (2%), Raillietina tetragona (0.4%), Subular brumpti (0.4%) and Eimeria oocyst (2.9%). The endoparasites in local chicken revealed Eimeria oocyst and Ascaridia gallias 5.7% and 14.3% respectively, but layers reported Eimeria oocysts 8.6%. While Broilers recorded 2.9% of Eimeria oocyts, Raillietina tetragona and Subular brumpti each. Pigeon also recorded 2.9% of Eimeria oocyts. In Checheniya market, 1 (2.9%) was positive for Ascaridia galli and in Library market, Eimeria oocyst and Ascaridia galli had 1 (2.9%), while in Kasuwan Barci, Eimeria oocyst and Raillietina tetragona had 1 (2.9%), and Kawo market had 1 (2.9%) with Subbular brumpti., Railway market had 2 (5.7%) , with Eimeria oocyst, and in Sabo market, Eimeria oocyst and Ascaridia galli had 1 (2.9%) while in Station market, Eimeria oocyst and Ascaridia galli had 2 (5.7%). Conclusively, this study observed a less prevalence of endoparasitism of poultry with 5.7% prevalence rate and Eimeria oocyst was implicated as the most infested parasite in live bird markets within Kaduna metropolis. Keywords: Screening, Endoparasites, Live-birds Markets, Species of birds

Head injury evaluation strategy for sepak takraw ball heading: a systematic review

Since Sepak Takraw was introduced in 1965 in South East Asian Peninsular (SEAP) Games, the players have intensively trained the heading ball as the main movement during the game. The impacts of repetitive Takraw ball heading, however, can lead to brain traumatic injuries such as concussion, internal bleeding and dizziness. This article set out the current trend and research gap on head impact injury during sepak takraw ball heading. Guided review method using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement has identified 26 related studies from Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases. This review from 2014 to 2021 resulted in only one article has been carried out on sepak takraw ball heading head injury and 25 articles on soccer and lacrosse. Six main themes have resulted from further review of the articles in measurement strategy, type of head impact, measurement tool, output data, subject category, and head protector in sepak takraw to study the ball heading head impacts. A total of 26 sub-themes further has been produced by the six themes.Several recommendations are proposed to conduct laboratory experimental studies considering ball-to-head heading only and studying headband for concussion reduction considering both linear and angular kinematics as the head injury predictors

Topology influence on TCP congestion control performance in multi-hop ad hoc wireless

Wireless ad hoc nodes are freely and dynamically self-organize in communicating with others.Each node can act as host or router.However it actually depends on the capability of nodes in terms of its current power level, signal strength, number of hops, routing protocol, interference and others.In this research, a study was conducted to observe the effect of hops count over different network topologies that contribute to TCP Congestion Control performance degradation.To achieve this objective, a simulation using NS-2 with different topologies have been evaluated.The comparative analysis has been discussed based on standard observation metrics: throughput, delay and packet loss ratio.As a result, there is a relationship between types of topology and hops counts towards the performance of ad hoc network.In future, the extension study will be carried out to investigate the effect of different error rate and background traffic over same topologies

Perceptions on the accessibility of Islamic banking in the UK—Challenges, opportunities and divergence in opinion

This study examines the views of UK-based Muslims, Islamic Scholars and Islamic banking employees on the current state of the latter industry, both in practical terms and as regards engagement with the nation’s large, but often marginalised Islamic community. The British Government has recently championed the Islamic banking sector and committed to supporting it as a means of addressing financial services needs and consolidating London’s position as the global centre for Islamic investment. The analysis adds to the substantive literature in two principal ways: (i) by contextualising the evidence via the notions of empowerment, engagement and social justice that underpin both the state’s attempts to foster growth and the central tenets of Islam; and (ii) by placing comparison of the opinions of key groups at the heart of the investigation. The findings reveal that while progress has been made, UK-based Muslims see several substantive impediments to access, including the complex terminology of Islamic banking products, the lack of internet banking facilities and branch networks as well as a generalised lack of interest in marketing on the part of the institutions. Whilst some coincidence of perception is evident, the views of bankers are shown to be out of line with those of the other parties in a number of key areas. For example, bankers appear to see less potential in the role of the internet as a medium for spreading awareness than do either potential customers or religious scholars. The paper therefore concludes with a call for multi-party Ijtihad and Qiyas (deductive analogy) that will encourage industrial outreach and, in so doing, support long-term growth