Environmental audit of industrial waste

In this industrialization era, an environmental audit is become more complex which is a very strict action are needed in minimize a wastage. Employing an environmental management system is a significant undertaking but an extremely worthwhile one for any organisation. Certification has developed a step by step guide to aid companies in implementing the standard during their journey to ISO 14001 certification. This report discussed on manageable and unmanageable wastage in different companies. These activities give an impact also consequences to environment and lead to poor organization management

Corporate Governance Reform in Banking: Risk Governance and Performance of Commercial Banks in Asia Emerging Markets

The banking institutions worldwide, including banks in emerging Asia have been operating in more challenging and more uncertain environment after the 2007 financial calamity. In ensuring an optimal functioning of the banking sector, Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) highlighted the importance of effective corporate governance in the banking sector. Observing from the suggestion for banks to reform their corporate governance, this study is conducted to examine the relationship between risk governance mechanism and bank performance. Using a sample of 109 banks with 545 observations in eight Asia emerging economies for a period of 2011-2015, it is evidenced that risk governance mechanism is significantly and positively related with bank performance represented by its liquidity. Therefore, risk governance is vital for banks betterment in Asia emerging market to weather future negative effects as well as to restore and maintain their resilience

Environmental management systems (EMS)

The chapter aimed to review the environmental management system (EMS) on the company’s workplace. The implementation of EMS ISO 14001 was reviewed at two companies; Fujitsu Component Sdn. Bhd. and Evergreen Fibreboard Bhd. The company with EMS ISO 14001 policy has effects to implement proper waste management system. More cooperation and knowledge implementation required in maintain ongoing environmental payback, cost savings and contribute to building attractive work place traditions

Critical micelle concentration and the effect of solution age on drag reduction performance of anionic surfactants

In the present study, Ammonium lauryl sulfate was introduced as new drag reducing agent in aqueous media flowing through pipelines. A built-up rig with ratio of pipe length to diameter (L/D) is equal to 59 was used to achieve the purpose of this work which to test the critical micelle concentration and the effect of using different ages of solution for 300ppm (wt) of anionic surfactants. The drag reduction performance of the surfactant under investigation was also analyzed for different concentrations and flow rate of anionic surfactants, which 200ppm, 300ppm, 400ppm, 500ppm and 600ppm, respectively. It was found that the starting point of critical micelle concentration of ammonium sulfate lauryl was detected within range 140 to 200 ppm. The highest drag reduction was achieved is 50% at Re equal to 11235 for 600ppm of solution and the fresh solution gave better drag reduction compared to other ages of solution. The drag reduction decreases as the age of solution increases. After 4 days, the ammonium lauryl sulfate increases the drag in pipes

Experimental investigations on biopolymer in enhancing the liquid flow in microchannel

Drag reduction has been incorporated in various industrial fields. Most of the works proved that drag reduction is efficient in turbulent flow. It is also observed that polymers can enhance the laminar flow which could be a milestone in medical field. In this work, five straight microchannels with fixed depth of 100, 50, and 60 μm in width and 200, 300, 400, and 500 μm in length were designed and fabricated using direct writing method. Xanthan gum as bio‐based drag reducing additive was chosen and diluted with deionized water to investigate its feasibility in enhancing the laminar flow in the microchannel. Eight different concentrations of xanthan gum ranging from 20 to 500 ppm were used to evaluate the effect of concentration on drag reduction performance using pressure measurement. The maximum flow increment of 34.90% was achieved by utilizing 500 ppm of xanthan gum at an operating pressure of 100 mbar in the microchannel with a width of 500 μm

Polyhydroxybutyrate for improved oil recovery: a literature review / Norrulhuda Mohd Taib, Norfarisha Achim and Zulkafli Hassan

In this study the role of polymer flooding as one of the most efficient processes to enhance oil recovery (EOR) is discussed. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a bio-based polymer that has potential application for use in polymer flooding. This polymer is reviewed with particular emphasis on the effect of concentration, shear rate, salinity, hardness and temperature on polymer viscosity. Initial findings showed that PHB owned higher resistant as compared to mechanical degradation and thermal stability of HPAM as well as XG

Clinical and laboratory features of JAK2 v617f, CALR, and MPL mutations in Malaysian patients with classical myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)

Mutations of JAK2V617F, CALR, and MPL genes confirm the diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). This study aims to determine the genetic profile of JAK2V617F, CALR exon 9 Type 1 (52 bp deletion) and Type 2 (5 bp insertion), and MPL W515 L/K genes among Malaysian patients and correlate these mutations with clinical and hematologic parameters in MPN. Mutations of JAK2V617F, CALR, and MPL were analyzed in 159 Malaysian patients using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction, including 76 polycythemia vera (PV), 41 essential thrombocythemia (ET), and 42 primary myelofibrosis (PMF) mutations, and the demographics of the patients were retrieved. The result showed that 73.6% JAK2V617F, 5.66% CALR, and 27.7% were triple-negative mutations. No MPL W515L/K mutation was detected. In ET and PMF, the predominance type was the CALR Type 1 mutation. In JAK2V617F mutant patients, serum LDH was significantly higher in PMF compared to PV and ET. PV has a higher risk of evolving to post PV myelofibrosis compared to ET. A thrombotic event at initial diagnosis of 40.9% was high compared to global incidence. Only one PMF patient had a CALR mutation that transformed to acute myeloid leukemia. JAK2V617F and CALR mutations play an important role in diagnostics. Hence, every patient suspected of having a myeloproliferative neoplasm should be screened for these mutations

Catalytic cracking of castor oil via microwave assisted method

Castor oil extracted from seeds of Ricinus Communis plant has an immense potential being used to yield valuable hydrocarbons with shorter chain length. Castor oil contains chemical structures of heavy hydrocarbons and long chains may undergo a cracking process which are similar to that as in petrochemical industries. However, cracking process requires extremely high temperature and energy input. This research came by with an attempt to reduce waste of energy using both microwave assisted method and modified metal catalyst, Zn/ZSM-5 to provide sufficient energy for cracking process to occur at comparatively low temperature. Wet impregnation method was used for Zn/ZSM-5 catalyst preparation and the experiments were carried out via microwave-assisted method. The microwave effect on the temperature and mass of condensate formed was investigated at three different output powers; 650, 700 and 750 W, under different Zn/ZSM-5 concentrations; 5, 8 and 10 wt% for 1 h. Results showed that cracking of castor oil is feasible at low temperature (<250 ◦C) using modified Zn/ZSM-5 via microwave assisted method. The highest yield of total mass of condensate (5.61%) was obtained from 750 W output power and 10 wt% Zn/ZSM-5 catalyst concentration. In addition, the highest cracking percentage (97.7%) was obtained from 750 W output power and 5 wt% Zn/ZSM-5 catalyst concentration. Valuable cracked compounds such as octane for fuel products and undecylenic acid for pharmaceutical uses were obtained