Shapes of Multiquadratic Extensions

Ph.D

The Legal Framework of the External Relations of the European Economic Community and the European Coal and Steel Community With Lebanon

The present thesis, "The legal framework of the external relations of the European Economic Community and the European Coal and Steel Community with Lebanon", examines the legal aspects of the external relations of these two Communities with respect to Lebanon, with special reference to their common commercial policy and development policy. In examining twenty five years of relationship between the two parties, the thesis endeavours to answer whether Lebanon, at any time, received special treatment from the EEC corresponding to the historical, political, economic, cultural and geographical close ties between them as reflected in the legal rules which provides the framework for the EEC-Lebanese trade and commercial relations. The thesis, moreover, evaluates the developments in the legal framework of these relations in the light of the developments in international trade rules and whether the European Communities' agreements with Lebanon responded to Lebanon's special characteristics and level of development and consequently responded to its special needs. Furthermore, the thesis assesses the contribution of the contractual relationship of the relevant parties to the development of their trade relations, with particular emphasis on Lebanon's exports to the EEC markets

Recycled Concrete Used in Subbase in Potential Use for Road Base and Cement Bounded Material (CBM)

"Structure life cycle and economic developments in Qatar can lead to reconstruction as well as demolition of structures such as buildings and roads. One of the main wastes from demolition work is concrete and reinforced concrete. Concrete dumped as waste in landfills in Qatar, so this paper will emphasis utilizing the concrete waste through means of recycling and reusing in the road construction market. Qatar’s benefit is to decrease pollution, generating economic benefits and become more self-sustainable and save its existing resources. This paper will focus on the fine recycled concrete (FRC) 0-5 mm as a fine aggregate material in the mix design for constructing the base road layers under the Asphalt layers and how using crushed concrete can increase the quality and change the classification of the base aggregate mixes. After the process of concrete crushing, the crushed material will be produced and used as fine aggregate in a fixed amount of fine crushed concrete which can improve the properties of the mix design for base road construction (aggregate base) produced in different production dates. This can decrease the use and import of sand (dune sand and washed sand) from overseas, in the mix designs for Subbase, Road Base and Cement bounded material (CBM) and increase the quality in Qatar. The paper will verify the use of fine crushed concrete (FRC) in the aggregate mixes to upgrade the quality of the fine aggregate material used in the road construction (Goonan, 1998).

Vacuum Zero Point Energy and its Statistical Correlations in dS Background

We study the vacuum zero point energy associated to a scalar field with an arbitrary mass and conformal coupling in a dS background. Employing dimensional regularization scheme, we calculate the regularized zero point energy density, pressure and the trace of the energy momentum tensor. It is shown that the classical relation $\langle T \rangle =-4 \langle \rho \rangle$ for the vacuum stress energy tensor receives anomalous quantum correction which depends on the mass and the conformal coupling while the relation $\langle \rho \rangle = - \langle P \rangle$ does hold. We calculate the density contrast associated to the vacuum zero point energy and show that $\delta \rho \sim \langle \rho \rangle$ indicating an inhomogeneous and non-perturbative distribution of the zero point energy. Finally, we calculate the skewness associated to the distribution of the zero point energy and pressure and show that they are highly non-Gaussian.Comment: 23 page

ROLE OF CUTANEOUS AFFERENTS IN THE CONTROL OF FINE MOVEMENTS

An increase in the quantity of afferents has been observed to be less useful to normal individual, therefore to patients suffering from neurological problems. To determine the effect of reduction of cutaneous afferents in the control of fine movements.Sixty healthy individuals, age between 20 and 25 years, were randomized into 2 groups.Main outcome measures: The speed of movements was measured with a specific device constructed specially to this study, related to digital chronometer that detects 1/100 of the second. T-test was performed for outcome measure and to evaluate individual difference within groups in the presence of significance. The position at the edge of the support show an increase in the speed of the fine movement by 82% than the position completely on the support

ROLE OF CUTANEOUS AFFERENTS IN THE CONTROL OF FINE MOVEMENTS

An increase in the quantity of afferents has been observed to be less useful to normal individual, therefore to patients suffering from neurological problems. To determine the effect of reduction of cutaneous afferents in the control of fine movements.Sixty healthy individuals, age between 20 and 25 years, were randomized into 2 groups.Main outcome measures: The speed of movements was measured with a specific device constructed specially to this study, related to digital chronometer that detects 1/100 of the second. T-test was performed for outcome measure and to evaluate individual difference within groups in the presence of significance. The position at the edge of the support show an increase in the speed of the fine movement by 82% than the position completely on the support

Improvement of Sn-Pp Solder by addition Ag Element

هذا البحث يختص بدراسة لحام سبائك قصدير رصاص على أجزاء مختلفة من الفولاذ واطئ الكاربون، سبيكة البراص والنحاس. اذ يتم دراسة الخواص الميكانيكية والكهروكيميائية وكذلك الخواص الكهربائية للسبيكة الناتجة من عملية الصب وبعد لحامها على الأجزاء المختلفة. وقد تم تحقيق أهداف هذا البحث من خلال الاختبارات التي شملت اختبار البنية المجهرية، اختبار الشد، اختبار تافل (فحص تيار ومقاومة التآكل)، اختبار التوصيلية الكهربائية. ومن النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها حيث كانت مقاومة الشد اعلى ما يمكن لسبيكة (97%Sn+1.5%Pb+1.5%Ag) عند مقارنتها مع السبائك أخر وكانت أفضل نتيجة لحام على قطعة الفولاذ واطئ الكاربون عند مقارنتها مع مقاومة الشد للملحومات الأخرى على سبيكة البراص او النحاس ونتائج التوصيل الكهربائي أيضا أظهرت سبيكة (97%Sn + 1.5%Pb + 1.5%Ag) اعلى توصيلية كهربائية، وذلك بسبب تأثير إضافة الفضة على سبيكة قصدير رصاص. وكانت السبيكة (60%Sn-40%Pb) أفضل ما يمكن عند اجراء فحص مقاومة التآكل وقد أجري الفحص في ماء البحر (sea water).This research is devoted to study the soldering of Sn-Pb alloy on different part (copper, low carbon steel, brass) .the Sn-Pb alloy produced in different percentage of Pb and addition of Ag by casting, and show the effect on electrochemical, mechanical and electrical properties. The mechanical and physical properties includes microstructure, tensile, electrical  conductivity and electrochemical have been achieved for this research through tests that include microstructure test, tensile test, tafel Potentiostatic, electrical conductivity test, X-Ray Fluorescent Analysis (XRF).  From results obtained in this study, a higher tensile strength  was found for (Sn97%+Pb1.5%+Ag1.5%) when its compared with other alloy, and the best result in soldering was with carbon steel because it has  higher strength compared with brass andcopper. The electrical conductivity result showed that the alloy (Sn97%+Pb1.5%+Ag1.5%) has higher electrical conductivity

EVALUATION OF KNEE FLEXORS AND EXTENSORS MUSCLE STRENGTH AFTER LIGAMENTOPLASTY FOR ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT AFTER 6 MONTHS OF SURGERY

The alteration of the strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings after six months of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) induces a decrease in performance and can cause injury. Hypothesis: The muscular strength of the operated side of anterior cruciate ligament after 6 months of surgery shows some muscular weakness in the quadriceps and hamstrings in comparison with the healthy side. Motor performance will be dependent on the total recovery of muscle strength of these young athletes. Purpose: This study evaluated the isokinetic muscle strength parameters after 6 months of anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation in young athletes. Methods: We measured muscle strength of 50 patients, 6 months after surgery after ACL reconstruction. The parameters used to evaluate the strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings were the: peak torque, average power, total work, max repetition total work and the ratio agonist / antagonist (AGO/ANTAG). They were studied at various speeds: 120, 180.300 degrees / sec. Results: muscle strength in the operated side after 6 months of conservative treatment shows a deficit only at the level of the quadriceps muscle in comparison with the healthy side. Conclusion: hamstrings are recovered more quickly than the quadriceps

CRITERIA FOR THE RETURN TO SPORT AFTER RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (RACL)

Background: One of the objectives of the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (RACL) is the return of athletes to existing activity before the injury. Thus, it is essential to understand the variables that influence the return. Associations between the return to sport and the variables representing the strength of the quadriceps, instability and symmetry of the members, and the psychological state have not been studied in athletes following the RACL. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to summarize the literature relating to the proposed variables to be associated with the return to sport following a reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Method: During this study, we searched electronic databases, PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Database to find the most recent articles about returning to the sport after the RACL criteria. Therefore, the articles included in this review meets these criteria: 1) patients who underwent a RACL; 2) reported at least one measurement of quadriceps strength, symmetry between members, and the psychological state; 3) the return to the sport identified by subjective measures or action to identify the level of sports participation of patients; and 4) any relationship analysis between the measures and the return to sport. Conclusion: Despite the fact that there are a number of important criteria influencing the return to sport, some have remained critical which have been considered and supported. By analyzing the items, the following results were obtained as described below: A quadriceps strength [IQ = 90%] and a motivating psychological state are the two criteria that ensures sport participation and reduction of the rate of re-injury or injury to the contralateral side. However, other criteria should not be neglected, with a view of their interaction with quadriceps strength and psychological status influence on the overall condition of the athlete wishing to return to the sport

Impact of Excess Body Weight on Health-Related Quality of Life Among Adults in Lebanon

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of excess body weight on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). A convenience sample of 320 adults was recruited from different health centers in Lebanon. Body mass index (kg/m2 ) was calculated based on measured weight and height. Participants were divided into three groups: normal-weight (18.5-24.9), overweight (25.0-29.9) and obese (≥30.0). HRQoL was assessed using the Short-Form health survey questionnaire (SF-36). The eight scales as well as the physical (PCS-36) and mental (MCS-36) component summary measures of the SF-36 were calculated and compared statistically among the three groups. The impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) on HRQoL was also examined through linear regressions, adjusting for sociodemographics, health behaviors and presence of chronic diseases. The results show that overweight and obese men reported reduced HRQoL on all physical scales, while overweight/obese women reported impairments on only two subscales: bodily pain and general health perceptions. PCS-36 showed lower scores in the obese and overweight subjects than the reference group. With regard to mental well-being, obese men and women displayed lower scores on vitality, social functioning and mental health subscales compared to the normalweight group. Additionally, MCS-36 showed lower scores in obese subjects. Results from linear regressions revealed significant negative correlations between BMI and both PCS-36 and MCS-36. In conclusion, overweight adults experience significantly worse physical HRQoL, while obese adults suffer from reduced physical and mental HRQoL. This highlights the importance of development and implementation of effective prevention strategies to improve HRQoL among adults with overweight and obesity