Balanced Incomplete Block Design with Control Treatment

  The theory of design and analysis of experiments has been primarily developed by statisticians engaged mostly in agricultural research. The theory has now found applications in other fields of research, because it is based on general principles concerning the statistical behavior of observations which arise either freely in nature or in artificial laboratory conditions (Badrldin and Kshirsagar,1990). Incomplete block designs were developed to suit experiments where the number of experimental units per block is less than the number of treatments. The concept of incomplete block designs augmented by a control was first introduced by Das (1954). He considered  the case where (q ³ 1) new treatments are introduced into the design and all included in each block. He concluded that  q should be chosen as low as possible to keep the block size to a reasonable level. Pearce (1960) considered the case where a Balanced Incomplete Block (B. I. B.) design is supplemented by a control, where the test treatments are replicated r times except the control which is  replicated r0 times, while all pairs of treatments occurs l times in blocks, the supplemented treatment occurs l0 times with any other treatment(Ture,1982). Pesek (1974) considered the case of a B. I. B. design having an extra control in each block. He utilized Rao’s general formulas to obtain the variances of the elementary treatment contrast between any pair of test treatment and any treatment and the control. He also obtained the efficiency factor of this design and showed that this design is more efficient than a B. I. B. design for comparing treatments with a control, but is less efficient for pair wise comparisons between the test treatments. Many times, for important new drugs and for serious diseases, investigations are carried out simultaneously at various locations under different climatic conditions, for a series of treatments. In such cases, the result of all such investigations need to be combined to produce an overall estimate of the effect of treatment contrast to the control

Towards improving the quality of operations in higher education institutions under the Six Sigma methodology

نتطرق في هذه الورقة البحثية إلى منهجية ستة سيجما بالتركيز على مراحل ديمايك (التعريف، القياس، التحليل، التحسين، الرقابة)، ومدى إمكانية تطبيقها على تحسين جودة العمليات بمؤسسات التعليم العالي، وذلك من خلال إبراز مفهوم منهجية ستة سيجما وأهم مميزاتها وتطبيقاتها، مع إظهار الضرورة والأهمية التي آلت إليها خدمات التعليم العالي في تبني طرق حديثة لتحسين العمليات والخدمات المقدمة استنادا إلى توفر المتطلبات الأساسية في الجامعات لنجاح ستة سيجما وهي كل من المتطلبات البشرية والتنظيمية والتقنية، مع تقديم مقترح عملي لتطبيق منهجية ديمايك بقطاع التعليم العالي بناءا على بعض الدراسات السابقة.We discuss in this paper the subject of Six Sigma in particular DMAIC methodology (Define, Measure, Analysis, Improve & Control), and the extent to which they can be applied to improve the quality of higher education institutions, starting with the concept of Six Sigma traits and applications, with show the necessity and importance of higher education services in adopting modern methods to improve operations and services. In addition, we have referred to the availability of basic requirements in universities and the success of the Six Sigma, such as: human requirements, organizational and technical

Idiopathic Gastric Rupture in a Child: Critical Situation

Idiopathic gastric rupture is extremely rare condition in children. We report herein a 4-years-old girl with Idiopathic GR who presented with shock. Resuscitation and early surgical intervention led to saving the child's life. Index Word: Gastric rupture, Pneumoperitoneum, Abdominal distension, Resuscitation

ZAKAT ET FINANCEMENT SOCIAL : ANALYSE DE L’EXPÉRIENCE DE L’ALGÉRIE ET DE LA MALAISIE

Zakat is a legal handout that has been a means of social financing for centuries. It allows the redistribution of wealth and plays an important role in reducing poverty. The objective of this article is to know how Zakat can be a social financing tool that helps the poor and the destitute to get out of poverty? By examining the experience of two countries that centralize, collect and distribute Zakat, namely: the Zakat Fund of Algeria and the Zakat Fund of Malaysia "Selangor". This paper reviews the strategies put in place by these two funds for the distribution of Zakat and compares them in order to raise some proposals and challenges to overcome. The results obtained have allowed us to conclude that the institutionalization of Zakat allows this pillar to fully play its role as a means of financing intended for the poor in the form of consumption aid or project financing. The experience of Malaysia remains very developed compared to that of Algeria, since it is older, collecting significant funds, as it intervenes in several areas to improve the quality of life of the poor and allow them to get out of poverty and become donors of Zakat

Concentration ratio and entry barriers asdeterminants of market power for mobile services operators in Algeria

تطرقنا في هذه الورقة البحثية إلى معايير ومقاييس تحديد القوة السوقية لمتعاملي الهاتف النقال بالجزائر،أين قمنا بطرح مجموعة من المفاهيم المتعلقة بالقوة السوقية ووضعية الهيمنة ضمن إطار قانون المنافسة بالجزائر مع تحديد مفهوم درجة التركيز وكذا نظرية حواجز الدخول بافتراض أنهما من أهم محددات ومعايير قياس القوة السوقية في أي صناعة أو سوق، وتمت الاستعانة كبداية ببعض من إحصائيات القطاع وبمؤشرات القياس كمؤشر جيني، ومؤشر هيرشمان هيرفنديل، والاستعانة ثانيا بمصادر حواجز الدخول في السوق ومالها من تأثير في الحصول على قوة سوقية، وبما يتسم به قطاع الهاتف النقال بالجزائر من معوقات تحد من رغبة متعاملين جدد محتملين من الدخول مستقبلا.We discussed in this paper the criteria and standards that determine the Algerian mobile phone market power and the status of dominance within the framework of competition law, with defining various concepts of the concentration indexes as well as the theory of barriers to entry, assuming they are the most important determinants for measuring market power in any industry or market. In the first phase we used some of the sector statistics by measuring the Gini index, Hirschman Herfindahl index. In the second phase we used various sources of barriers to entry and their impact on market power

Rapid Detection of Enteroviruses in Public Water Supplies

Microbiolog