Hydrogen production by gasification of Kenaf under subcritical liquid?vapor phase conditions

In this study, Kenaf biomass was gasified under subcritical liquid-vapor conditions and effect of initial water amount on gas composition and hydrogen production was evaluated at different temperatures. Gasification was carried out in a batch type reactor, with various initial water volumes (0, 12, 25, 50, 75 mL), at different temperatures (250, 275, 300, 325 °C) and with different catalysts (Ru/C, Pt/C, Na2CO3, Fe2O3, CaO, CaCO3 and RuCl3). The results revealed that the gasification efficiency and hydrogen selectivity are dramatically varied with initial water percentage that was fed to the reactor. The gaseous products obtained from hydrothermal gasification of kenaf were mainly H2, CO2, and in lower but varying amounts, CH4 and C2H4. Water soluble RuCl3 was found to be more effective than water insoluble Ru/C catalyst on biomass gasification. RuCl3 catalyst has a high catalytic activity for kenaf gasification with greater H2 selectivity. Maximum total gas (462.5 mL) and H2 mole fraction in the gaseous product (44.5%) were obtained at 250 °C with RuCl3 catalyst. The maximum carbon conversion (%) was also obtained with RuCl3 as 71.3%. Water behaves as both the reaction medium and the second main reactant beside biomass, during the subcritical liquid-vapor phase gasification process. © 2018 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLCÇukurova Üniversitesi: FBA?2017?9823This study was funded by Çukurova University Research Grant (Project numbers: FBA?2017?9823 )

RE: Pityriasis rosea in chronic hepatitis C

[No abstract available

COVID-19: booster(s) vs. hospitalization and Intensive Care Unit admission

OBJECTIVE: As the pandemic continues, different vaccine protocols have been implemented to maintain the protection of vaccines and to provide protection against new variants. The aim of this study was to assess hospitalized patients’ vaccination status and document the efficacy of boosters. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The patients that were hospitalized due to COVID-19 were enrolled from 28 hospitals in Turkey for five months from September 2021. 5,331 confirmed COVID-19 patients from collaborating centers were randomly enrolled to understand/estimate the distribution of vaccination status in hospitalized patients and to compare the efficacy of vaccination/booster protocols. RESULTS: 2,779 men and 2,552 women of which 2,408 (45.2%) were admitted to Intensive Care Units participated in this study. It was found that the highest risk reduction for all age groups was found in groups that received 4 doses. Four doses of vaccination for every 3.7 people under 50 years of age, for every 5.7 people in the 50-64 age group, and for every 4.3 people over 65 years of age will prevent 1 patient from being admitted to intensive care. Regardless of the type of vaccine, it was found that the risk of ICU hospitalization decreased in those who were vaccinated compared to those who were not vaccinated. Regardless of the type of vaccine, the ICU risk was found to decrease 1.25-fold in those who received 1 or 2 doses of vaccine, 1.18-fold in those who received 3 doses, and 3.26-fold in those who received 4 doses. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that the addition of a fourth dose is more effective in preventing intensive unit care even in disadvantaged groups

COVID-19: booster(s) vs. hospitalization and Intensive Care Unit admission.

OBJECTIVE: As the pandemic continues, different vaccine protocols have been implemented to maintain the protection of vaccines and to provide protection against new variants. The aim of this study was to assess hospitalized patients' vaccination status and document the efficacy of boosters. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The patients that were hospitalized due to COVID-19 were enrolled from 28 hospitals in Turkey for five months from September 2021. 5,331 confirmed COVID-19 patients from collaborating centers were randomly enrolled to understand/estimate the distribution of vaccination status in hospitalized patients and to compare the efficacy of vaccination/booster protocols. RESULTS: 2,779 men and 2,552 women of which 2,408 (45.2%) were admitted to Intensive Care Units participated in this study. It was found that the highest risk reduction for all age groups was found in groups that received 4 doses. Four doses of vaccination for every 3.7 people under 50 years of age, for every 5.7 people in the 50-64 age group, and for every 4.3 people over 65 years of age will prevent 1 patient from being admitted to intensive care. Regardless of the type of vaccine, it was found that the risk of ICU hospitalization decreased in those who were vaccinated compared to those who were not vaccinated. Regardless of the type of vaccine, the ICU risk was found to decrease 1.25-fold in those who received 1 or 2 doses of vaccine, 1.18-fold in those who received 3 doses, and 3.26-fold in those who received 4 doses. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that the addition of a fourth dose is more effective in preventing intensive unit care even in disadvantaged

Regional Development Agencies in Turkey: Are They Examples of Obligated Policy Transfer?

Policy transfer, Obligated policy transfer, European Union, Regional policy, Regional development agencies, Turkey,