Improvement of mechanical properties and fatigue life of stainless steel 316L in 0,9 % NaCl environment by applying shot peening and plasma nitriding treatments

Among metallic biomaterials, AISI 316L has the cheapest price yet but the lowest mechanical properties and it is prone to corrosion. Bone plate failure is often triggered by dynamics load, crevice or pitting corrosion, or a combination of fatigue and crevice or pitting corrosion attack at the same time. Shot peening and plasma nitriding are surface treatments that enhance material properties. This work examined the shot peening duration effects and plasma nitriding on surface to the depth hardness, roughness, droplet contact angle, and fatigue life in environment containing rich chloride ions. The results revealed that shot peening and plasma nitriding improved both surface layer roughness and hardness. Furthermore, shot peening and plasma nitriding reduced droplet contact angle and enhanced the fatigue life of the material

Remediasi Miskonsepsi Menggunakan Media Lectora Inspire pada Materi Teori Kinetik Gas Siswa Kelas XI Man 1 Pontianak

The one group pretest postest pre experimental design was conducted to remedy student\u27s misconception of the kinetic theory of efficent by implementing the lectora inspire program. A series of aims question of the modification Certainty of Response Index of three option multiple choice test was administered to prompt this misconception among grade students of the goverment religious secondary school at Pontianak city. Eleven student participated in this study. Result indicated that the lectora inspire can be used to reduce the number of students misconception (ES=2,67). It is suggested that the lectora inspire program can be used as an alternative remediation activity of the physics concepts

Resistance of bonded premolars to four artificial ageing models post enamel conditioning with a novel calcium-phosphate paste

Background: This in vitro study compares a novel calcium-phosphate etchant paste to conventional 37% phospho-ric acid gel for bonding metal and ceramic brackets by evaluating the shear bond strength, remnant adhesive and enamel damage following water storage, acid challenge and fatigue loading. Material and Methods: Metal and ceramic brackets were bonded to 240 extracted human premolars using two ena-mel conditioning protocols: conventional 37% phosphoric acid (PA) gel (control), and an acidic calcium-phosphate (CaP) paste. The CaP paste was prepared from ?-tricalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate powders mixed with 37% phosphoric acid solution, and the resulting phase was confirmed using FTIR. The bonded premolars were exposed to four artificial ageing models to examine the shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive rem-nant index (ARI score), with stereomicroscopic evaluation of enamel damage. Results: Metal and ceramic control subgroups yielded significantly higher (p ? 0.05) SBS (17.1-31.8 MPa) than the CaP subgroups (11.4-23.8 MPa) post all artificial ageing protocols, coupled with higher ARI scores and evidence of enamel damage. In contrast, the CaP subgroups survived all artificial ageing tests by maintaining adequate SBS for clinical performance, with the advantages of leaving unblemished enamel surface and bracket failures at the enamel-adhesive interface. Conclusions: Enamel conditioning with acidic CaP pastes attained adequate bond strengths with no or minimal adhesive residue and enamel damage, suggesting a suitable alternative to the conventional PA gel for orthodontic bonding

Water quality and water spinach productivity in aquaponic systems using fine bubbles (FBS)

Fine bubbles (FBs) merupakan teknologi baru dalam sistem akuaponik yang diharapkan mampu meningkatkan produksi ikan dan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pemberian tekanan fine bubbles (FBs) yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas air dan produktivitas kangkung dalam sistem akuaponik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari – Maret 2022 di Green House Ciparanje Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah pemberian tekanan FBs masing-masing 0 atm (A), 5,25 atm (B), 5,5 atm (C), 5,75 atm (D). Parameter kualitas air yang diukur terdiri atas parameter fisika (suhu) dan kimia (oksigen terlarut, pH, amonia, dan nitrat). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian tekanan FBs 5,75 atm menghasilkan suhu berkisar 24,4℃ - 26,5℃, kandungan oksigen terlarut sebesar 7,83 mg, pH 6,98 – 8,07, konsentrasi amonia 0,002 mg L-1, yang berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan ikan yang baik serta konsentrasi nitrat 0,316 mg L-1 yang berpengaruh pada produktivitas tanaman yang lebih tinggi, menghasilkan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman 128,83 cm, bobot tanaman 140,60 g, dan jumlah daun 284 helai.ABSTRACTThe fine bubbles (FBs) is a new technology in aquaponic system that is expected to improve the fish and plant productivity. This study aimed to determine the application of fine bubbles pressure in improving water quality and water spinach in an aquaponic system. The research was conducted from January to March 2022 at Ciparanje Green House, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. This study used an experimental method of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications. The treatments used were FBs pressure of 0 atm (A), 5.25 atm (B), 5.5 atm (C), 5.75 atm (D). The water quality parameters measured consisted of physical (temperature) and chemical (dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia, and nitrate) parameters. The results showed that the pressure of FBs 5.75 atm generated temperatures ranging from 24.4oC - 26.5 oC, dissolved oxygen content of 7.83 mg L-1, pH 6.98 – 8.07, ammonia concentration 0.002 mg L-1 which affected on good fish growth and nitrate concentration 0.316 mg L-1 which affected higher plant productivity, resulting plant height of 128.83 cm, a plant weight of 140.60 g, and the number of leaves of 284 leaves

In vitro bond strengths post thermal and fatigue load cycling of sapphire brackets bonded with self-etch primer and evaluation of enamel damage

This in vitro study compares a self-etch primer (SEP) to an etch-and-rinse (EaR) for bonding sapphire brackets by evaluation of the enamel etch-pattern, shear bond strength, amount of remnant adhesive and enamel surface damage following thermal and fatigue cyclic loading. Ceramic (sapphire) brackets were bonded to 80 extracted human premolars using two enamel etching protocols: conventional EaR using 37% phosphoric acid (PA) gel (control), and a SEP (Transbond Plus). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n=20 teeth) according to the time of bracket debonding: after 24 h water storage or following 5000 thermo-cycles plus 5000 cycles fatigue loading, to determine the shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI score), with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation of enamel condition. The control subgroups consistently exhibited significantly higher (p<0.05) SBS mean values (23.4-29.8 MPa) than the SEP subgroups (15.1-22.4 MPa) at both bracket debonding time points. However, the SEP subgroups yielded milder etch-patterns and attained SBS values above the minimum requirement range for clinical performance. In addition, the higher SBS of control subgroups was accompanied with higher ARI scores and enamel damage grades than SEP subgroups as confirmed by SEM. Thermocycling and fatigue significantly reduced the SBS of all subgroups, with a non-significant drop in the amount of adhesive residue or enamel damage. The use of SEP can be a suitable alternative to the conventional PA gel for sapphire bracket bonding as it maintains suitable bond strength and has the potential to produce both less remnant adhesive and enamel damage

Perencanaan Penggantian Jembatan Juwet Kabupaten Pemalang

Juwet Bridge is located approximately one kilometer to the south of Comal Bridge Pemalang District is one of the alternative bridges used when the Comal Bridge collapsed. In this final Juwet Bridge which has a width of only 3 meters is designed with a larger capacity and functioned as an alternative pathway Comal Bridge. Planning on aspects of traffic using a design life of 20 years with the growth of the vehicle based on a linear regression of 642 veh / year and using two scenarios, there are normal conditions (2 Comal Bridge function) and incidental conditions (only 1 Comal Bridge functioning). Initial planning, the alternative pathway using a type 2/2 UD. In normal conditions, the distribution of traffic flow 70% for Comal Bridge and 30% for Juwet Bridge produce a degree of saturation (DS) under 0.75 over the life of the plan. In the incidental conditions, the distribution of traffic flow 60% for Comal Bridge and 40% for Juwet Bridge, DS value is 0.81. Assuming then use 2/2 type UD with 8 meters wide still used. New Juwet Bridge continue to use steel as the structure and the upper structure of reinforced concrete for the structure underneath. Planned implementation within 8 months at a cost of Rp. 36.4 billion. In this final project scope of the planned bridge elements include work for the overall structure of the bridge and approach bridge. Given this new Juwet Bridge when congestion occurs on the Pantura line around Comal Bridge, the bridge is able to be an alternative pathway in servicing and reducing the burden of most of the traffic flow on the Pantura line

Integrated geospatial approach for adaptive rainwater harvesting site selection under the impact of climate change

The impact of global climate change on water resources is a pressing concern, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, where water shortages are becoming increasingly severe. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) offers a promising solution to address these challenges. However, the process of selecting suitable RWH sites is complex. This paper introduces a comprehensive methodology that leverages various technologies and data sources to identify suitable RWH locations in the northern region of Iraq, considering both historical and future scenarios. The study employs remote sensing and geographic information systems to collect and process geospatial data, which are essential for the site selection process. AHP is utilized as a decision-making tool to assess and rank potential RWH locations based on multiple criteria, helping to prioritize the most suitable sites. The WLC approach is used to combine and weigh various factors, enabling a systematic evaluation of site suitability. To account for the uncertainty associated with future climate conditions, a stochastic weather generator is employed to simulate historical and future precipitation data for period (1980–2022) and (2031–2100). This ensures that the assessment considers changing climate patterns. Historical precipitation values ranged from 270 to 490 mm, while future projections indicate a decrease, with values varying from 255 to 390 mm. This suggests a potential reduction in available water resources due to climate change. The runoff for historical rainfall values ranged from 190 mm (poor) to 490 mm (very good). In the future projections, runoff values vary from 180 mm (very poor) to 390 mm (good). This analysis highlights the potential impact of reduced precipitation on water availability. There is a strong correlation between rainfall and runoff, with values of 95% for historical data and 98.83% for future projections. This indicates that changes in precipitation directly affect water runoff. The study incorporates several criteria in the model, including soil texture, historical and future rainfall data, land use/cover, slope, and drainage density. These criteria were selected based on the nature of the study region and dataset availability. The suitability zones are classified into four categories for both historical potential and future projections of RWH zones: very high suitability, covering approximately 8.2%. High suitability, encompassing around 22.6%. Moderate suitability, constituting about 37.4%. Low suitability, accounting for 31.8% of the study region. For the potential zones of RWH in the future projection, the distribution is as follows: very high suitability, approximately 6.1%. High suitability, around 18.3%. Moderate suitability, roughly 31.2%. Low suitability, making up about 44.4% of the study region. The research's findings have significant implications for sustainable water resource management in the northern region of Iraq. As climate change exacerbates water scarcity, identifying suitable RWH locations becomes crucial for ensuring water availability. This methodology, incorporating advanced technology and data sources, provides a valuable tool for addressing these challenges and enhancing the future of water management to face of climate change. However, more investigations and studies need to be conducted in near future in the study region

Whole-brain imaging of freely-moving zebrafish

One of the holy grails of neuroscience is to record the activity of every neuron in the brain while an animal moves freely and performs complex behavioral tasks. While important steps forward have been taken recently in large-scale neural recording in rodent models, single neuron resolution across the entire mammalian brain remains elusive. In contrast the larval zebrafish offers great promise in this regard. Zebrafish are a vertebrate model with substantial homology to the mammalian brain, but their transparency allows whole-brain recordings of genetically-encoded fluorescent indicators at single-neuron resolution using optical microscopy techniques. Furthermore zebrafish begin to show a complex repertoire of natural behavior from an early age, including hunting small, fast-moving prey using visual cues. Until recently work to address the neural bases of these behaviors mostly relied on assays where the fish was immobilized under the microscope objective, and stimuli such as prey were presented virtually. However significant progress has recently been made in developing brain imaging techniques for zebrafish which are not immobilized. Here we discuss recent advances, focusing particularly on techniques based on light-field microscopy. We also draw attention to several important outstanding issues which remain to be addressed to increase the ecological validity of the results obtained

Biomarker discovery and redundancy reduction towards classification using a multi-factorial MALDI-TOF MS T2DM mouse model dataset

Diabetes like many diseases and biological processes is not mono-causal. On the one hand multifactorial studies with complex experimental design are required for its comprehensive analysis. On the other hand, the data from these studies often include a substantial amount of redundancy such as proteins that are typically represented by a multitude of peptides. Coping simultaneously with both complexities (experimental and technological) makes data analysis a challenge for Bioinformatics

Geographical Assessment of the Natural Environment at Al-Huwaizah Marsh, Eastern Of Misan Governorate (Iraq)

In this article, Al-Huwaizah Marsh, one of the biggest wetlands in southern Iraq, has been studied. The spatial analysis approach was used to study the spatial relationships between the elements of the natural environment on the one hand, and their relationship to the distribution of organisms in Al-Huwaizah Marsh on the other hand. A geographic information system (GIS) was established and fed with the data contained in the topographical, geological, pedological, and hydrological maps issued by the various Iraqi institutions. The study hypothesis indicated that the abiotic elements of the ecosystem (location, surface, geological structure, climate, and soil) played a direct role in the geographical distribution of biotic elements (animals and plants) of Al-Huwaizah Marsh. Al-Huwaizah Marsh is a natural depression that collects water during floods and is distinguished by providing an ideal environment for different species of birds, fish, mammals, and plants to live. The four most significant waterbodies of Al-Huwaizah Marsh are Al-Edhaim, Umm Al-Na'aj, Al-Sanaf, and AlJakka