Financial crisis and dynamic the dependency between six international currencies volatility with sectors volatility: evidence from six Australian sectors

This paper investigates the influence of volatility of foreign exchange rate of the U.S., the U.K., Netherlands, Japan, China and Singapore to the volatility of the six Australian sectors within the investigated period controlling for the time periods global financial crisis 2007-2008.The volatility in this study was estimated using GARCH(1,1) models. Daily data is collected for a period of 2002 to 2014. The dataset is divided into three sub periods: before GFC (July 2002 to July 2007), during GFC (July 2007 to July 2009) and after GFC (July 2009 to July 2014). The estimated results find strong relationship between exchange rates for the six countries with six Australian sectors volatility, except health care sectors during GFC. The same relationship is evident before GFC, except banks sector. The statistically significant impact of these foreign exchange on the six Australian sectors continues after GFC, except materials sector is weakly significantly. This result is important for the investors and other market participants to understand the risk factors related to the sectors of the Australian stock market

Contagion risk for Australian authorised deposit-taking institutions

This paper investigates the contagion risk for Australian-owned authorized deposit taking institutions (ADIs) spilling from the US and UK banks. We hypothesized that Australian ADIs are prone to extreme shocks experienced by its US and UK counterparts. We define four discrete events for the Australian banking sector in terms of the number of banks exceeding at a time an extreme value. The extreme value is defined as the 90th percentile on the negative tail of the distribution of changes in the distance to default obtained through Black and Scholes (1973) and Merton (1974) formula. Then we fit a multinomial logistic model (MLM) to relate these events to the number of exceedances (extreme events) occurring in the US and the UK in the previous day for the time period September 2006 to September 2011. The MLM estimates reveal strong contagion effects for Australian ADIs from the US and UK banks

Bacteriuria in Children with Special Reference to Structural Abnormalities of Urinary Tract

Background and Aim: Urinary tract infection (UTI) can lead to adverse renal outcomes in the form of renal scarring and its consequences in children. Underlying congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) play a crucial role in UTI recurrence and its outcome. Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate children aged 1 month to 18 years with bacteriuria retrospectively to assess recent trends of antimicrobial resistance, underlying structural abnormalities of the urinary tract, and severity of symptoms associated with it. Ultrasonography was done in children under 2 years with a history of recurrent UTI to exclude associated structural abnormalities of the urinary tract.Results: Of 255 studied children, 58% were female. Ultrasonography of the kidney and bladder was performed in 116 children, which revealed CAKUT in 38% (n=44). Children with CAKUT commonly presented with fever (36%) alone or in combination with other features. The most common pathogen was E coli (60%), which was very sensitive to intravenous aminoglycosides (95-100%) and carbapenems (96%) but had less sensitive to cephalosporins (43%). E coli showed higher resistance to oral cephalosporins and quinolones (62% and 54%, respectively). E coli had a high (93%) and Klebsiella spp had a low (63%) sensitivity to nitrofurantoin.Conclusion: This study revealed that about one fifth of the children with bacteriuria had CAKUT. A higher resistance pattern was observed to commonly used oral antimicrobial agents, which eventually narrows down the choice of empirical antibiotic. Keywords: Child; Bacteriuria; Urinary Tract Infection; Urinary Tract Abnormalities

Oil and coal price shocks and coal industry returns: international evidence

This paper examines the effect of energy price shocks on coal sector stock returns and supplements studies evaluating the effect of oil prices on the stock price of oil and gas companies. A 1% increase in coal price return raises coal sector returns by between 0.22% and 0.30%. This result is robust across developed, emerging and differing groups of Asia-Pacific and Pacific countries, and is analogous with findings that a 1% increase in oil price raises the return of oil and gas companies by between 0.14% and 0.38% depending on country and time period studied. Oil price return also significantly influences coal sector return even controlling for coal price return. Relatively large increases in coal and oil price returns have statistically significant and disproportionate effects on raising coal sector returns. Market return, interest rate premium, and foreign exchange rate risk are also significant risk factors for excess coal sector stock returns. The sensitivity of coal sector returns to oil price shocks suggest a role for investment in stocks that rise when energy prices increase in a well balanced portfolio and in pursuing profitable investment strategies. Natural gas price returns do not influence coal sector returns in the presence of coal price returns

Analyzing Code Tracking Algorithms for Galileo Open Service Signal

The ever-increasing public interest on location and positioning services has originated a demand for higher performance Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs). Galileo Open Service (OS) signal, part of the European contribution to future GNSS, was designed to respond to the above demand. In all GNSSs, the estimation with high accuracy of the Line-Of-Sight (LOS) delay is a prerequisite. The Delay Lock Loops (DLLs) and their enhanced variants (i.e., feed-back code tracking loops) are the structures of choice for the commercial GNSS receivers, but their performance in severe multipath scenarios is still rather limited. In addition, the new satellite positioning system proposals specify the use of a new modulation, the Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) modulation, which triggers a new challenge in the code tracking stage. Therefore, in order to meet this emerging challenge and to improve the accuracy of the delay estimation in severe multipath scenarios, this thesis analyzes feed-back as well as feed-forward code tracking algorithms and proposes a novel algorithm, namely Peak Tracking (PT), which is a combination of both feed-back and feed-forward structures and utilizes the advantages inherent in these structures. In this thesis, the code tracking algorithms are studied and analyzed for Sine BOC (SinBOC) modulated Galileo OS signal for various multipath profiles in Rayleigh fading channel model. The performance of the analyzed algorithms are measured in terms of various well-known criteria such as Root-Mean-Square-Error (RMSE), Mean-Time-to-Lose Lock (MTLL), delay error variance and Multipath Error Envelopes (MEEs). The simulation results show that the proposed PT algorithm outperforms all other analyzed algorithms in various multipath profiles in good Carrier-to-Noise-Ratios (CNRs). The simulation results are compared with the theoretical Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) and the comparison shows that the delay error variance for PT algorithm approaches the theoretical limit with the increase in CNR. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can be considered as an excellent candidate for implementation in future Galileo receivers, especially when tracking accuracy is a concern. /Kir1

Efficacy of prophylactic phototherapy for prevention of hyperbilirubinemia in very low birth weight newborns

Background: Jaundice is a common clinical condition in newborn occurring in approximately 60% of term and 80% of preterm infants. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is universally common in all preterm infants especially in newborns with very low biLth weight. Low birth weight and premature infants are at major risk for exaggerated hyperbilirubinemia that can lead to bilirubin encephalopathy. Significant heterogeneity in the approach to the treatment of jaundiced neonates exists throughout the world. Phototherapy is the most common treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and could be most effective in preventing the sequelae of hyperbilirubinemia if initiated prophylactically. This randomized clinical trial has been proposed with the objective of assessing the efficacy of prophylactic photo therapy in preventing significant rise of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in premature neonates weighing less than 1500 gram and therefore to decrease the need for exchange transfusion and finally to reduce hospital stay due to hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial enrolled sixty newborns with birth weight less than 1500 gram. They were divided into two groups: 1) Prophylactic group, in whom phototherapy was started within 24 hours of birth and continued for 7 days and 2) Control group in whom therapeutic phototherapy was started considering serum bilirubin level and other clinical condi­tions as per institutional guidelines. Mean value of total serum bilirubin (TSB), duration of phototherapy, the need for exchange transfusion and duration of hospital stay in both groups were analyzed.Results: The maximum mean TSB level in prophylactic group was observed on 7th day and in control group it was observed on 3rd day of life. The total serum bilirubin levels were significantly lower in the 3rd and 5th days of life in the prophylactic group in comparison to control group (P value 0.001). Total serum bilirubin level exceeded therapeutic range in 6 (21 %) and 14 (50 %) newborns of the prophylactic group and control groups respectively (P value 0.026). No documented side effects of prophylactic photo­therapy was observed. Conclusion: The use of prophylactic photo therapy for infants weighing less than 1500 grn is effec­tive and sate when compared to the control group, considering satisfactory maintenance of low total serum bilimbin levels during first 7 days of life

Evaluation of optimizing Monteggia fracture-dislocation care: surgical innovations, radiological insights, and functional rehabilitation in adult patients

Background: Monteggia fractures, rare in adults, involve proximal ulna fracture and radial head dislocation. Managing these injuries poses challenges, fueling historical debates and driving advancements in internal fixation. Watson Jones' frustration highlights the ongoing pursuit of effective surgical approaches for optimal outcomes and functional limb restoration. his study aims to evaluate Monteggia fracture-dislocation treatment by analyzing radiological outcomes for structural insights and alignment post-surgery. Methods: This prospective observational study, conducted at Swapno general hospital, Mirpur-2, Dhaka, Bangladesh from 1st January 2021 to 31 January 2024, enrolled 30 patients with radiologically confirmed Monteggia fracture-dislocation. Surgical procedures involved creating an interval, anatomical reduction, and fixation, with regular follow-ups assessing outcomes, including range of motion, X-rays, and VAS scores, while statistical analysis utilized SPSS version 23. Results: The highest frequency percentage in the age distribution was observed among individuals aged 41-45, constituting 20% of the total sample, while the lowest frequencies were recorded in the 31-35 and >51 age groups, each representing 10% of the sample. Physical assault emerged as the leading cause of injury, accounting for 40% of cases, followed by road traffic accidents at 36.66% and falls at 23.33%. In terms of final outcomes, the majority of patients (43.33%) achieved a good outcome, while the lowest percentage (10%) resulted in poor outcomes.  Conclusions: In conclusion, addressing Monteggia fracture-dislocation in adults requires navigating inherent complexities. Modern internal fixation methods prove impactful, emphasizing the need for precise classification and stable anatomical reduction

Effect of Dominance on Atherosclerosis

Coronary arteries were studied on 110 postmortem human hearts during January 2000 to December 2001 in the department of Anatomy and Microbiology, Bangladesh Medical College to observed. The pattern of coronary dominance and its relation with atherosclerosis was observed. Atherosclerosis was found in 49(44.5%) samples, among which 37(56.%) were from male and 12(26.7%) from female hearts. This difference was significant (P\u3c0.01). Right dominance was observed in 72 (65.5%) cases while 17 (15.5%) had left dominance and 21 (19.1%) had balanced type of circulation. Balanced type of circulation was observed more among females (14; 66.7%) while left dominance was more frequent among males (13; 76.5 %). This deference on the basis of sex was significant (P\u3c0.05). Significant (P\u3c0.001) relationship was also observed between atherosclerosis and dominance of coronary artery. It may be concluded that atherosclerosis was present in almost half of the studied subjects and was found more among males. Left dominance was more frequently present among males it was associated with atherosclerosis

Myomectomy at the Time of Cesarean Section: A Prospective Multicentre Study

Objectives: To assess the safety and efficacy of myomectomy during cesarean section. Methods : The study design was a prospective multicentre study done in three tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka city. The subject were 30 pregnant women underwent elective or emergency myomectomy during cesarean section. All cesarean section myomectomy were performed by consultant. Intra-operative and post-operative complications such as change in haematocrit, length of operation, blood loss were estimated. Length of hospital stay was also recorded. Results : 50 Fibroid of various sizes (2-6cm) were removed from 30 women. Fibroid were on the anterior uterine wall with most being subserous and intramural. Four patients had one unit of whole blood transfusion in post-operative period. No hysterectomy was done at the time of cesarean section. There was no significant frequency of blood transfusion; incidence of post- operative fever and duration of operation. The mean duration of post operative hospital study was 7.3±1.2 days. Two patients subsequently became pregnant, were also underwent repeated cesarean section in the study period. Conclusion : In selected cases myomectomy during cesarean section does not appear to result in an increased risk of intrapartum or short-term postpartum morbidity if performed by an experienced practitioner. Cesarean myomectomy is a safe surgical options with no significant complications. Keywords : Cesarean section; myomectomy; uterine myoma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v4i2.8639 BSMMU J 2011; 4(2):102-10