The influence of ZIS fund distribution, social aid shopping, and subsidy shopping to poverty in Indonesia

Indonesia has 10 percent of the poor population. Getting rid of that poverty gap, instruments that have been made are needed. One of the instruments is the distribution of ZIS funds by the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS), then spending aid social services by the central government, and subsidy spending by the central government. Then with this poverty problem, the importance of emphasizing the distribution of ZIS funds in Indonesia, spending on social assistance, spending on subsidies, and research on poverty. This study aims to analyze the effect of ZIS funds distribution, Social Aid Expenditures, and Subsidy Expenditures on poverty in Indonesia in the 2013-2017 period. The sample of this study consisted of 4, namely ZIS data obtained at the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS), then spending on social aid, expenditure on subsidies, and finally, data on poverty obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The method used is a quantitative method by testing the classical assumptions. The results of this study are according to the results of the F test that the three independent variables (ZIS, Social Aid, and Subsidies) simultaneously influence the dependent variable (poverty)

In vitro study of antimicrobial activity of fermented coconut water extrected with different solvents against pseudomonas fuscovaginae, causal agent of sheath brown rot of rice / Nurul Basyeroh Hasan

Sheath Brown Rot (SBR) caused by Pseudomonas fuscovaginae is a devastating bacteria rice disease, currently getting an attention from researchers and government from various countries. Such a control management is on how to control the disease from spread and become more serious. Hence, the aim for study, is to screening antimicrobial activity of fermented coconut water extracted with different solvents against pathogen of SBR and to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of fermented matured coconut water extracted with different solvents. The inhibition zone was determined using agar well difussion method and the result showed that the aqoues and methanol extraction give a reaction to the pathogen. The highest inhibition zone was on methanol extraction with the mean of inhibition zone diameter where recorded is 2.02 cm. Meanwhile, for determination of MIC and MBC for methanol extract, it was discovered that 20% concentraction of the exctract was enough to inhibit the growth the pathogen and 30% concentraction could kill the pathogen. This study suggested that methanol extract could be used as formulation for fermented mature coconut water in controlling SBR

HYBRID CONTRACT: Konstruksi Akad dalam Produk Perbankan Syariah

The innovation of Islamic Bank’s products is an indicator of the ability of Islamic bank to adapt with the needs of modern human being. Basically, Islamic bank has been done some of innovation efforts, one of the effort is by engineering akad in fiqh muamalah. Some of akadin fiqh muamalah are not only adopted, but also adapted by Islamic bank so that in line with the people needs. The Islamic principal of freedom is the main capital of facing the complexity of economic problems and the highdemands of people in case of the role of Islamic bank.Hybrid contract (al-’uqud al-murakkabah) is an example of Islamic Bank strategy to develop bussiness innovation. Hybrid contract is a dealing of two parties to have muamalah that covers two or more akad. Hybrid contract has been used in many varians of Islamic bank’s products. For example IMBT, property financing (MMQ), syariah card, take over financing, Islamic pledge, current account product, Islamic checking account financing, Islamic bonds, and Islamic hedging. Keyword: Hybrid contract, Islamic bank

Tinjauan Penerapan Pungutan Pajak dan Zakat Menurut Konsep Ekonomi Islam di Indonesia

This paper deals with the source of the country's sources of income in the modern era it is more known for its tax obtained from the community for the purposes of the State for the prosperity of the community. Taxes in Islam was taught by the Prophet Muhammad SAW certainly different provisions and type so that it provides insight for us to assess how the difference in the terms and conditions of the religion taught in the modern era of the levy by the State to the people so that we can assess, read and take heed and which one is better and can be applied in the life of a country. The purpose of this paper is to expose about the wealth tax, income tax, (zakat), a land tax (kharaj), tax farming (usr), a protection tax (Jizya), a tax customs import tax, (ushur), the spoils of war (ghanimah and fa'i) along with the conditions that exist in tenet of Islam

Minimum soil disturbance planting for rice-based rotations in northwest Bangladesh: Effects on plough pan and water balance

Soil degradation in the rice-based cropping system of Bangladesh has prompted research to switch from conventional tillage (CT) to minimum soil disturbance crop establishment, featuring strip planting (SP) and increased crop residue retention. However, the new residue retention levels and crop establishment methods need to be tested for their water use efficiency. Therefore, two field trials were initiated to evaluate the effects of SP and bed planting (BP) with increased crop residue retention on soil physical properties, components of the water balance and water productivity in two rice-based crop rotations. Field trials were conducted during 2015-2017 in two long-term conservation agriculture (CA) experimental fields established since 2010 in two regions of northwest Bangladesh, namely 1) Alipur, the alluvial soil region, and 2) Digram, the High Barind Tract (HBT) region. The trials consisted of three tillage treatments in the main plots - SP, BP and CT. The subplots comprised of two levels of residue retention - high residue (HR) and low residue (LR). High residue and LR treatment involved the retention of respectively 50 % and 20 % by the height of the previous crop, either anchored or loose. Strip planting and BP were done with a Versatile Multi-crop Planter mounted on a two-wheel tractor (2-WT). Seven years of continuous CA practices have provided evidence that minimum soil disturbance and increased residue retention have altered the soil physical properties in both silty loam soil at Alipur and silty clay loam soil at Digram. The physical changes were reflected in the reduction of soil BD, enhancement of total porosity (TP) and reduction of penetration resistance (PR) in the 0-20 cm soil depth. High residue treatment reduced BD from 1.37 to 1.33 g cm-3 at Alipur and 1.27 to 1.24 g cm-3 at Digram soil in the 0-10 cm soil depth compared to the LR treatment. High residue retention increased macroporosity by an average of 55 % over LR treatment. Irrespective of residue retention, the average (two soils) decrease in BD was 4.5 % and 2.6 % in 0-10 cm depth for SP and BP treatment, respectively, compared to CT. The highest BD of 1.65 g cm-3 was achieved at 10-20 cm soil depth in the CT plot, which clearly indicates a massive plough pan at this depth. However, BD of the plough pan was reduced by 3.8 % in the SP and 4.6 % in the BP treatment indicating the amelioration of subsoil compaction due to the absence of puddling over seven years. Penetration resistance in the plough pan was also decreased from 2.15 MPa (CT) to 1.93 MPa (SP) at Alipur and 2.55 MPa (CT) to 2.32 MPa (SP) at Digram. In the silty loam soil, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) at 0-10 cm under CT was 1.00 cm hr-1 which was increased to 1.39 cm hr-1 by SP and to 1.52 cm hr-1 by BP. In the silty clay loam soil, Ksat at 0-10 cm was increased from 0.32 cm hr-1 under CT to 0.66 cm hr-1 by SP and to 0.81 cm hr-1 by BP. In 10-20 cm soil depth, Ksat increased from 0.22 cm hr-1 under CT to 0.48 cm hr-1 by SP and to 0.43 cm hr-1 by BP. Soil compaction by a 2-WT with a single wheel-pass, two wheel-passes, and four wheel-passes with and without extra loading was also tested in non-CA fields adjacent to the two long-term trials. At 0-5 cm depth, soil BD with a single wheel pass was 1.37 g cm-3, which increased to 1.40 g cm-3 after two passes, and further increased to 1.47 g cm-3 with four passes. The BD of 0-5 cm depth with no extra loading was 1.37 g cm-3 which was increased to 1.39 g cm-3 with 100 kg extra loading and further increased to 1.43 g cm-3 with 200 kg extra loading. At 5-10 cm depth, compaction by CT involving four passes indicated that a 2-WT, when frequently trafficked at this depth for many years, creates a dense soil layer that is reasonably related to the formation of the plough pan. The least limiting water range (LLWR) range could be a good indicator of soil quality in soil compaction studies since the LLWR concept includes the effects of several growth-limiting factors such as matric potential, aeration and penetration resistance that are integrated into a single parameter. Conventional tillage had a larger LLWR which is also comparable to the LLWR of strip tillage single wheel pass treatment. Conservation agriculture practice facilitates tillage, fertilizer and seeding operation in a single pass. Thus, single wheel pass traffic by a low weight 2-WT may not create measurable compaction in the surface soil and the subsurface soil. High rice residue retention treatment increased wheat yield by 7-18 % in the whole study period (2015-2017) compared to low residue retention. Strip planting increased wheat yield by 18-25 % compared to CT in the three years. By contrast, BP increased wheat yield by 16 % compared to CT in 2015 but not in 2016 or 2017. Strip planting saved 15-36 % irrigation water for wheat growth compared to CT in three years. In contrast to SP, BP saved only 8-25 % irrigation water than CT. Irrigation water productivity of wheat was higher under SP (2.2 kg m-3) than that under BP (1.7 kg m-3) and CT (1.3 kg m-3). The results suggest that SP performed better than BP in terms of crop productivity and irrigation water productivity. Total water losses under SP continuous flooding irrigation were 80.0-125.0 cm, while the values were 82.0-123.0 cm for BP and 66.0-86.0 cm for CT. Deep drainage during the rice crop for SP, BP and CT accounted for about 41 %, 44 %, and 39 % of the total loss, respectively. Alternate wetting and drying irrigation reduced the drainage losses by 35 %, 26 % and 48 % for SP, BP and CT, respectively. The yield of rice ranged from 6.1-6.9 t ha-1, 6.1-6.6 t ha-1 and 6.5-6.7 t ha-1 for SP, BP and CT, respectively. Irrigation water productivity for rice was higher under CT (0.88 kg m-3) compared to SP (0.66 kg m-3) and BP (0.60 kg m-3). Improved crop yield under SP with residue retention should encourage smallholder farmers to adopt minimum soil disturbance planting in the rice-based rotation. However, altered water balance in the non-puddled minimum soil disturbance plot may require more irrigation for rice while allowing greater infiltration to groundwater. In contrast, for wheat, SP and HR had positive effects on water use and water productivity. Since water lost by deep percolation returns to the groundwater and is potentially available for reuse, non-puddled rice can beneficially increase groundwater recharge when practised in a large command area. Hence, CA practices appear to decrease the requirement for groundwater for irrigation of dry season wheat while increasing the potential for groundwater recharge, but this needs further investigation. Keywords: Barind area (Bangladesh); bed planting; conservation agriculture; conventional tillage; deep drainage; least limiting water range; minimum soil disturbance; number of wheel passes; soil compaction; strip planting; water balance

Analytical Solution For The First Order Reversible Reaction System Through Flow Graph Theory Approach

An analytical solution for the first order reversible reaction was derived using the flow theory approach. Reversible reactions are the chemical reactions that results in an equilibrium mixture of reactants and products. The usage of flow graph theory was simpler and more direct in solving the exact solution which then will eliminate the classical integration, Laplace transform and eigenvalue methods. The flow graph was based the image of reaction stoichiometry and the ratio of consumption and formation flow graph was used to find an analytical solution of the reaction system. In this report, the analytical solutions for the two species and three species reaction system were derived and verified with the numerical integration of the governing ordinary differential equations by using MATLAB software

Strategi Pembelajaran PAI Anti Radikalisme di SMP Negeri 1 Ngoro Jombang

Radikalisme ini merupakan suatu paham yang sangat berbahaya jika berkembang dikalangan remaja. Oleh karena itu dalam mencegah bahaya radikalisme ini tidak cukup jika hanya menggunakan jalur hukum, polisi, dan pemerintahan saja, akan tetapi juga perlu melibatkan dunia pendidikan. Pendidikan disini yang dimaksud adalah pendidikan di sekolah formal, mengapa demikian, karena pendidikan formal merupakan pendidikan yang dilaksanakan dengan cara yang teratur , konsisten, sistematis, direncanakan, dan mempunyai jenjang sehingga lebih terarah. Berangkat dari kasus tersebut peneliti berkesempatan untuk mengadakan penelitian di SMP Negeri 1 Ngoro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) langkah-langkah pembelajaran PAI dalam mencegah radikalisme di mulai dengan (a) Pendahuluan, salam, berdoa dan mengulang dengan singkat materi yang kemarin, (b) Penyampaian materi baru kemudian anak  diuji satu per satu di hadapan guru (c) Pembelajaran ditutup dengan do’a dan pemberian motivasi ataupun kuis-kuis kepada siswa. (2) strategi pembelajaran PAI dalam mencegah radikalisme dilakukan dengan dua cara: (a) dilakukan pembelajara PAI didalam kelas. (b) pembelajaran dalam mencegah radikalisme diluar kelas yaitu melalui pendekatan kepada siswa, melakukan pembiasaan-pembiasaan yang dapat membentuk pribadi siswa, membuat kelas khusus diluar jam sekolah untuk menjelaskan bahaya radikalisme, melakukan acara-acara keagamaan salah satunya dengan upacara peringatan hari santri, peringatan isro’ mi’roj, dan juga membuat buku pribadi siswa yang berisi tentang tata tertib sekolah dan juga point-point pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh siswaRadicalism is a very dangerous notion if it develops among adolescents. Therefore, in preventing the danger of radicalism, it is not enough to only use legal channels, the police and the government, but also need to involve the world of education. Education here means education in formal schools, why is that, because formal education is education that is carried out in an orderly, consistent, systematic, planned, and has a level so that it is more directed. Departing from this case, the researcher had the opportunity to conduct research at SMP Ngoro 1 Ngoro. The results showed that: (1) PAI learning steps in preventing radicalism began with (a) Introduction, greeting, praying and repeating the material yesterday, (b) Submission of new material then the child is tested one by one before the teacher (c) Learning closes with prayer and giving motivation or quizzes to students. (2) PAI learning strategies in preventing radicalism are carried out in two ways: (a) PAI learning is carried out in the classroom. (b) learning in preventing radicalism outside the classroom that is through approaches to students, making habituation that can shape students' personalities, making special classes outside school hours to explain the dangers of radicalism, conducting religious events, one of which is with the santri day memorial service, commemoration isro 'mi'roj, and also makes a student's personal book that contains school rules and also points of violations committed by student

ANALISIS KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS DAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN DARING MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA MICROSOFT TEAMS

This research was conducted to analyze science process skills (SPS) and students' interest in learning at SMP Negeri 62 Surabaya while learning uses media Microsoft Teams. This type of research is categorized as descriptive quantitative. The participants selected in this study were students of class VIII B, with 35 students. The instrument used in this study was a test instrument with 18 multiple choice questions covering 6 SPS indicators and a non-test instrument in the form of a questionnaire containing 20 selected questions. This research using  descriptive data analysis techniques. The research’s results are obtaining an average SPS level for class VIII B students in the sufficient group with a percentage of 52%. The highest skill is in the conclusion indicator with percentage of 74%, while the students’ lowest skill is in the indicator measuring with a large percentage of 20%. For the average student interest in learning using media, it falls into the very interested group with a total percentage of 74.2%. It can be concluding that the level of SPS for grade VIII B students of SMP Negeri 62 Surabaya is in the sufficient group so that there is a need for improvement in the SPS-based learning process and students' interest in online learning is in the very interested group so that media is Microsoft Teams suitable for use in the learning process. The implication of this research can be used as a reference and separate in designing learning that can increase SPS and student interest in learning

Factors Shaping the Evolution of the Islamic Cultural History (SKI) Curriculum in Madrasahs (1973-2013)

Purpose – This research undertakes an exploration of the factors shaping the evolution and continuity of the Islamic Cultural History (SKI) curriculum in madrasahs between 1973 and 2013. It zeroes in on five predominant influences: political, economic, social, cultural, and ideological. Design/methods/approach – A historical research method was the primary tool, with data from various written records—comprising legal documents, regulations, and textbooks. A chronological lens was employed for analysis, with categorizations influenced by pertinent regulations and the prevailing zeitgeist. Findings – Of the factors, political dimensions, especially government stances and policies, took precedence in curriculum development. Furthermore, aspects like economic strides, prevailing social conditions, and national ideologies such as Pancasila (Indonesian state philosophy) bore significance in shaping the curriculum. The insights gathered suggest a pivotal role of socio-political dynamics and scientific progress in dictating madrasah curriculum changes. Research implications/limitations – While this investigation furnishes deep insights into a specific period, its temporal scope poses limitations, suggesting a potential exploration post-2013 and scrutiny of other influencing variables. Practical implications – The study underscores the pressing need for the continual evolution of Islamic education in Indonesia, aiming to cater to societal shifts. There is an evident emphasis on weaving together diverse threads, upholding universal tenets, and championing local sagacity