Peranan Dan Sumbangan Masyarakat Aceh Di Kedah Dari Tahun 1900-2000

Hubungan Kedah-Aceh mempunyai sejarah yang unik dan bermula sejak dari tahun 1600-an M. Masyarakat Aceh mula bermigrasi dan bermukim di beberapa daerah di Kedah dan akhirnya membentuk komuniti masyarakat Aceh Kedah-Aceh relation has a very unique history and dated from as early as 1600. Since then, Acehnese descendants started to reside in several districts and established the Acehnese community in Keda

Potential for using climate forecasts in spatio-temporal prediction of dengue fever incidence in Malaysia submitted

Dengue fever is a viral infection transmitted by the bite of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. It is estimated that nearly 40% of the world’s population is now at risk from Dengue in over 100 endemic countries including Malaysia. Several studies in various countries in recent years have identified statistically significant links between Dengue incidence and climatic factors. There has been relatively little work on this issue in Malaysia, particularly on a national scale. This study attempts to fill that gap. The primary research question is ‘to what extent can climate variables be used to assist predictions of dengue fever incidence in Malaysia?’. The study proposes a potential framework of modelling spatio-temporal variation in dengue risk on a national scale in Malaysia using both climate and non-climate information. Early chapters set the scene by discussing Malaysia and Climate in Malaysia and reviewing previous work on dengue fever and dengue fever in Malaysia. Subsequent chapters focus on the analysis and modelling of annual dengue incidence rate (DIR) for the twelve states of Peninsular Malaysia for the period 1991 to 2009 and monthly DIR for the same states in the period 2001 to 2009. Exploratory analyses are presented which suggest possible relationships between annual and monthly DIR and climate and other factors. The variables that were considered included annual trend, in year seasonal effects, population, population density and lagged dengue incidence rate as well as climate factors such as average rainfall and temperature, number of rainy days, ENSO and lagged values of these climate variables. Findings include evidence of an increasing annual trend in DIR in all states of Malaysia and a strong in-year seasonal cycle in DIR with possible differences in this cycle in different geographical regions of Malaysia. High population density is found to be positively related to monthly DIR as is the DIR in the immediately preceding months. Relationships between monthly DIR and climate variables are generally quite weak, nevertheless some relationships may be able to be usefully incorporated into predictive models. These include average temperature and rainfall, number of rainy days and ENSO. However lagged values of these variables need to be considered for up to 6 months in the case of ENSO and from 1-3 months in the case of other variables. These exploratory findings are then more formally investigated using a framework where dengue counts are modelled using a negative binomial generalised linear model (GLM) with a population offset. This is subsequently extended to a negative binomial generalised additive model (GAM) which is able to deal more flexibly with non-linear relationships between the response and certain of the explanatory variables. The model successfully accounts for the large amount of overdispersion found in the observed dengue counts. Results indicated that there are statisti�cally significant relationships with both climate and non-climate covariates using this modelling framework. More specifically, smooth functions of year and month differentiated by geographical areas of the country are significant in the model to allow for seasonality and annual trend. Other significant covariates included were mean rainfall at lag zero month and lag 3 months, mean temperature at lag zero month and lag 1 month, number of rainy days at lag zero month and lag 3 months, sea surface temperature at lag 6 months, interaction between mean temperature at lag 1 month and sea surface temperature at lag 6 months, dengue incidence rate at lag 3 months and population density. Three final competing models were selected as potential candidates upon which an early warning system for dengue in Malaysia might be able to be developed. The model fits for the whole data set were compared using simulation experiments to allow for both parameter and negative binomial model uncertainty and a single model preferred from the three models was identified. The ‘out of sample’ predictive performance of this model was then compared and contrasted for different lead times by fitting the model to the first 7 years of the 9 years monthly data set covering 2001-2009 and then analysing predictions for the subsequent 2 years for lead time of 3, 6 12 and 24 months. Again simulation experiments were conducted to allow for both parameter and model uncertainty. Results were mixed. There does seem to be predictive potential for lead times of up to six months from the model in areas outside of the highly urbanised South Western states of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor and such a model may therefore possibly be useful as a basis for developing early warning systems for those areas. However, none of the models developed work well for Kuala Lumpur and Selangor where there are clearly more complex localised influences involved which need further study. This study is one of the first to look at potential climatic influences on dengue incidence on a nationwide scale in Malaysia. It is also one of the few studies worldwide to explore the use of generalised additive models in the spatio-temporal modelling of dengue incidence. Although, the results of the study show a mixed picture, hopefully the framework developed will be able to be used as a starting point to investigate further if climate information can valuably be incorporated in an early warning system for dengue in Malaysi

Perantau yang diterima: Diaspora Aceh ke Kedah dari aspek historikal

Pengkajian mengenai hubungan historikal Kedah-Aceh menjelaskan mengenai sesuatu komuniti itu muncul dan berkembang menurut perspektif masing-masing.Migrasi atau perantau dari Aceh sudah lama muncul dan menetap di negeri Kedah Darul Aman. Komuniti Aceh terutama di Yan, Kedah adalah paling lengkap dari segi jati diri dan identiti akar budaya asal serta memberi sumbangan dalam politik, ekonomi dan sosial termasuklah pelbagai aspek kehidupan.Terdapat dua gelombang penghijrahan iaitu sebelum kedatangan penjajah dan selepas kedatangannya terutama dari Belanda yang membawa kepada penghijrahan secara besar-besaran ke sini.Sultan Kedah sendiri tidak menyekat kehadiran perantau Aceh ke Kedah malah menggalakkan mereka untuk bersama-sama mengembangkan syiar Islam dan pembangunan negeri.Agama menjadi pemangkin semangat patriotik dan solidariti yang tinggi untuk mengusir golongan penjajah barat selanjutnya telah berjaya memperkukuhkan ikatan perhubungan dua negeri yang sedia ada.Hidup bersama tanpa prejudis dan berkongsi suka duka membawa kesejahteraan walapun latarbelakang yang berbeza namun darah Melayu menguatkan hubungan perpaduan yang sedia terjalin.Impaknya migrasi Aceh berjaya merubah kehidupan mereka dari yang susah kepada kesenangan apabila tinggal dan menetap di negara yang makmur dan aman seperti Kedah.Kedah bumi bertuah menjadi syurga kepada sebilangan besar migrasi dari Indonesia amnya dan Aceh khasnya dari dahulu hingga kini.Hasilnya mereka dapat memiliki kekayaan dan kesejahteraan hidup dalam aspek sosio ekonomi dan politik tanpa had

Exploring the Environmental Reporting Practices of Islamic Banks: A Case of Malaysia and Indonesia

This study aims to explore the specific CSR practices i.e. the dimension of environment from an Islamic perspective. The three key principles in Islam, which comprise of vicegerent (khalifah), divine accountability, and obligation to enjoin good and forbid evil guide the understanding of business organizations’ engagement to care for the natural environment. Annual reports (2007-2011) of six full-fledged Islamic banks in Malaysia and Indonesia have been analysed via content analysis method. The environmental information reported has been collected using a combined index developed from the AAOIFI’s (2005) guidelines and significant prevailing literature. It is found that despite the indication of preserving the environment through banks’ business activities, the environmental reporting practices of all the banks in both countries are yet to improve.The study offers insights pertaining to the influence of religion i.e. Islam on the extent of environmental reporting practice. Keywords: environmental reporting, Islamic bank, annual report, Malaysia, Indonesi

SMEs involvement in the Halal industry as part of Fardhu Kifayah’s responsibility

This concept paper will discuss how the involvement of SMEs in the Halal industry can be considered as fulfilling the Fardhu Kifayah's responsibilities. The concept of Halal and how it relates to Fardhu Kifayah will be discussed based on previous studies and further discussion on how SME involvement in the production and distribution of Halal products contributes to the responsibility of Fardhu Kifayah to the Muslim community. The discussion in this paper is expected to benefit SMEs, all the bodies involved in the development of the Halal industry as well as academics who are interested in studying the concept of Halal and Fardhu Kifayah

Green Human Resource Management: A Case Of Malaysia

Green human resource management (GHRM) has become a key business strategy for the significant organizations where human resource departments play an active part in going green at the organizations. The main purpose of this study focused on training and development of Employee Knowledge, Employee Skill and Employee Attitude towards the implementation of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM). A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed via email to the organizations who implemented GHRM in Malaysia, but only 100 were returned. The results of the analysis indicated employee skills as the most significant factors for organization to implement GHRM. For the practicality of this study, GHRM is anticipated to be well implemented when the employee skills are emphasize

Halal Certification among SMEs in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah

Halal is an important concept that enables and simplifies consuming process of food and beverage products especially for Muslim consumers. The study believes that the development of Halal is a communally obligatory (fardhu kifayah) for that SMEs and a personally obligatory (fardhu ain) for the Muslim consumer. The Government of Malaysia has already recognized the importance of SMEs, implemented various policies; action plans, and also introduced Halal related programs to assist the SMEs. The objectives of the study are to identify the awareness and perception towards Halal certification among SMEs in Sabah. 42 SMEs were participated in the study; the results indicated that they are aware of the role of Halal certification, and how Halal will make them competitive in the market. Majority of them are keen to become Halal certified company however the SMEs responded that to be Halal certified company the process is expensive and complicated. This paper is hoped to contribute to better understanding of current situation of how Halal certification can help SMEs to grow their businesses. Further study on this matter is suggested in order to gain more accurate, interesting and detailed information on the issue

Malay Symbols In Malaysian Visual Art From 1970 - 2003

A search for national identity in visual art begins from the resolution of National Congress of Culture in 1970s. The congress changed the local artist’s attitude and has developed awareness to in-depth study on Malay culture and Malay symbols. Traditional forms of art such as batik, woodcarving, songket, tales, legends, literature and Malay architecture has provided visual references to the artist and as a result, various styles have emerged from exploring the Malay culture in the context of form and content, which has later reshaped the Malaysian Art scene. The aim of this study is to investigate the development of Malay symbols in the Malaysian Visual Art from 1970s until 2003 and factors that contribute to it. This paper will establish the transformation of idea on the Malay culture and tradition in visual art as the art movement that was neglected in the development of Malaysian Contemporary Art. Observation will be employed, as well as books, catalogues and articles reviewed as references to investigate the development of visual art. The artwork will be examined from the Permanent Collection Inventory from 1958 to 2003 of the National Visual Art Gallery publication. A total of 298 artworks have been identified and using judgmental sampling methods, 72 artworks has been retrieved. The final data were compiled and analyzed using Minitab version 16.2.1.0. The analyses results of histogram and bar chart as well as pareto chart year are used to summarize the findings. The finding indicates that the decades of 90s has appeared to be the most active period of the resurgence of the Malay symbols in Malaysian Visual Art. However in the year 2000 to 2003, studies indicate a decline on the depiction of idea from Malay symbols by Malaysian artist. This research provides information on the development of visual art specifically on Malay symbols in Malaysian Art History and to persuade young artists to persistently utilize Malay symbols in the work of art as to preserve the national heritage

Empowering single mothers in Sabah

Life can be challenging for single mothers. They are viewed as the most vulnerable social groups in society who often lack educational attainment, skills and social networks; thus limiting their opportunities to compete in the labour market. Consequently, single mothers struggle to achieve financial independence and to support the well-being of their family. To help single mothers build a better life, it is crucial to provide single mothers with solid institutional support programmes. This paper explores the extent to which the institutional support programmes designed for single mothers are in accordance with the needs and expectation of the single mothers in Sabah. The views obtained from the leaders of the single mother associations show that the support programmes are useful for single mothers; however, the programmes are still inadequate to lift them out of poverty. Suggestions for improvement of the institutional support programmes for single mothers are highlighted

MALAYSIA-INDONESIA BILATERAL RELATIONS: EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE STAGE OF KNOWLEDGE OF GENERATION X AND Y INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA

Malaysia and Indonesia are traditionally neighboring countries in ASEAN and sharing a historical background, language, culture, and religion. It is undeniable fact that Malaysia-Indonesia relations are often influenced by current national issues such as water territorial, Indonesian immigrants, national product, and others.  Reviews These issues always sparked conflicts and Provoked various actions from Indonesians and dieting. Normally, Indonesians are more sensitives compared with dieting when faced with this situation as well. This article focuses on knowledge and understanding of X and Y Indonesian generation on Malaysia-Indonesia bilateral relations. This article incorporates the qualitative method with primary data obtained through a questionnaire distributed amongst respondents. Respondents are consisted of UIN's first-degree students and staff s and were selected by purposive sampling. Apart from that, focus group discussion and interview session was held to get a view from respondents. This article found that X and Y Indonesian generations have a good understanding of Malaysia. They are also usually aware of the importance of Malaysia-Indonesia bilateral relations. In addition, they acknowledged Malaysia as an essential country for Indonesia's present interest. Respondents also showed high sensitivity regarding competition between Malaysia and Indonesia. The important finding of this writing is both generations s acknowledge the fact that they are closest neighboring country and a good relationship should be maintained in facing the global challeng