Gay Community, Gay Identity and the Translated Text

Gay Community, Gay Identity and the Translated Text — In this paper, the author explores the multiple intersections of the notion "gay community" and "gay identity" with the problematic of translation. First, the notions of "community" and "identity" themselves are explored for their theoretical, political and personal ramifications for the gay subject. It is argued that the two notions engage in a constant process of redefinition in relation to each other and, in particular, that they can be seen to overlap if their respective concrete/imagined and internal/external dimensions are taken account of. The author goes on to suggest how translated literature represents a crucial site for the gay person's elaboration of a distinct subjectivity. Then, an example (Spanish-English) is given of a text whose exploration of emerging gay selfhoof is enhanced in translation. Finally, a passage (English-French) is studied in its source and target versions in order to identify the pressures that different cultural conceptions of sexual identity bring to bear upon textual products.Communauté gay et identité gay à l'intérieur de la traduction — Dans cet article, l'auteur explore les multiples notions de « communauté » et « d'identité » gays et les problèmes de traduction qui en découlent. Il examine d'abord les ramifications théoriques, politiques et personnelles que peuvent avoir ces deux notions pour le sujet gay. Il soutient que ces deux notions se redéfinissent mutuellement de façon constante, et plus précisément, qu'elles semblent se chevaucher lorsque leurs dimensions concrètes/imaginées et internes/externes entrent respectivement en jeu. L'auteur affirme que les oeuvres traduites jouent un rôle crucial dans la recherche de la subjectivité distincte des gays. Par la suite, il donne un extrait d'un texte espagnol-anglais traitant de l'émergence de l'identité gay qui est mise en valeur en traduction. Enfin, un texte anglais accompagné de sa traduction française permet de voir comment des conceptions culturelles distinctes de l'identité sexuelle se manifestent à travers l'écrit

How Do Predatory Lending Laws Influence Mortgage Lending in Urban Areas? A Tale of Two Cities

This paper examines the effects of predatory lending laws in the cities of Chicago and Philadelphia. The level of mortgage activity in each of the cities is compared during the pre- and post-legislative periods relative to other parts of the state to assess the impact of localized legislation. In Chicago, where the predatory lending law focused on banks, a subprime origination in the city was found to be more likely to be made by a nonbank after the passage of the law. In Philadelphia, however, where the predatory legislation was aimed at all financial service providers, a decline was observed in the likelihood of a subprime loan being originated in the city during the post-legislation period, with the minority and low-income market segments experiencing the largest reduction.

Effects of long term space environment exposure on optical substrates and coatings (S0050-2)

Eastman Kodak Company included twelve substrate and coating samples on the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) structure. There were three Fused Silica and three Ultra Low Expansion (ULE) uncoated glass samples, two ULE samples with a high reflectance silver coating, two Fused Silica samples with an antireflectance coating, and two Fused silica samples with a solar rejection coating. A set of duplicate control samples was also manufactured and stored in a controlled environment for comparison purposes. Kodak's samples were included as a subset of the Georgia Institute of Technology tray, which was located on row 5-E, tray S0050-2. This placed the samples on the trailing edge of the structure, which protected them from the effects of atomic oxygen bombardment. An evaluation of the flight samples for effects from the 5 year mission showed that a contaminant was deposited on the samples, a micrometeoroid impact occurred on one of the samples, and the radiation darkening which was expected for the glass did not occur. The results are listed in more detail

Disparities in mortgage lending, bank performance, economic influence and regulatory oversight

Large racial disparities in mortgage loan denial rates and low minority representation among applicants for mortgage credit have created concerns that mortgage lenders discriminate against minorities. This dissertation investigates factors that influence changes in these disparities in 25 MSAs in the U.S. during 1991-1997. During the latter portion of the sample period racial disparities in mortgage denial rates declined significantly, while minority representation in the mortgage applicant pool increased. Some industry observers attribute these changes to improvements in regulatory enforcement of the fair lending laws and Community Reinvestment Act (CRA). I hypothesize that improvements in economic conditions during the period that reduce default loss probabilities on mortgage loans contribute to reductions in denial rate disparities, since minorities represent a disproportionate percentage of the marginal loan applicants in this sample. I anticipate that improvements in the financial condition and performance of financial institutions may have had a similar effect. In Chapter 4 of the Dissertation, an empirical model is developed to formally test the joint affect of market forces, including changes in the economy and lender financial condition and performance, as well as regulatory influence on mortgage lending outcomes. The model incorporates the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data on characteristics of applicants for conventional home purchase mortgage loans in 25 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). These data are matched to census tract data from the 1990 U.S. census, bank-specific financial data from the bank reports of condition and income, and state and MSA-level macroeconomic series. A partial adjustment framework is employed to model lending institutions\u27 response to established \u27targets\u27 for racial disparities in denial rates and minority representation. Since these targets are jointly determined, the two-stage least squares (2SLS) method for estimating simultaneous equations is used to estimate the \u27disparity\u27 and \u27representation\u27 models. The results of the 2SLS estimation overall are not consistent with a regulation-induced shift in racial disparities in denial rates and minority representation, after controlling for market forces. While there is some evidence to support a regulatory influence on changes in minority representation, this effect is restricted to institutions that already have satisfactory performance ratings under CRA. The results suggest that changes in the mortgage market during the period disproportionally benefited the minority applicant group. Specifically, changes in the quality of the applicant pools, economic conditions in the MSAs under study, and the financial condition and performance of the lending institutions are found to have a statistically significant influence on mortgage lending outcomes

Should Acoustic Simulation Technology be Utilised in Architectural Practice? Does it have the Potential for BIM Integration?

The research presented in this paper, firstly, aims to convey the importance of our acoustic environment through focusing on the effects of undesirable acoustic conditions on cognitive abilities in spaces where cognitive performance is of the utmost concern, our learning environments. Secondly, it aims to investigate current state-of-the-art acoustic simulation methods, available platforms, and their levels of interoperability with architectural BIM authoring software. Structured interviews were carried out with 7 Irish architects and architectural technologists to determine if a disconnection between architectural design and acoustic performance exists and to identify the advantages and disadvantages of current workflows for acoustic performance evaluation. Additionally, industry opinions were gathered on whether it is measurable that our acoustic environments are at a disadvantage as a result of the apparent gap in available integrated acoustic evaluation solutions for a BIM-enabled design workflow, and finally to investigate industry demand for better integration of acoustic evaluation tools with BIM authoring platforms

The Influence of Bureau Scores, Customized Scores and Judgmental Review on the Bank Underwriting Decision-Making Process

In recent years commercial banks have moved toward automated forms of underwriting. This study employs unique bank loan-level data from a scoring lender to determine whether automated underwriting exhibits a potential ‘‘disparate impact’’ across income strata. The findings indicate that strict application of this custom scoring model leads to higher denial rates for low- to moderate-income borrowers when compared with both a naý¨ve judgmental system and a bureau scoring approach. These results suggest that financial regulators should focus more resources on the evaluation and study of customized scoring models.

Formation Constants of the Copper(II) Compounds of Pyridylalpyridylhydrazine

Bivalent copper and the Schiff\u27s base pyridylalpydidylhydrazine form two compounds, composed respectively of one molecule and of two molecules of the organic compound to one atom of copper, and having ultra violet absorption spectra differing only in the value of the molar extinction coefficients at the absorption maxima, 15,100 and 22,450, respectively at 345 mμ. The respective formation constants are 2.4 x 105 and 2.8 x 105 as determined from spectrophotometric data, the method used being unusual in that the ultra violet absorption data provided a direct measure of the free ligand present

Schiff\u27s Bases of Pyridylhydrazine as Analytical Reagents for Cobalt

Schiff s bases having functioned groups adjacent to the carbon-nitrogen bond so that chelation (ring formation) can occur with metal atoms are of interest because of the intense colors of the metal derivatives. Thus, the compound l,3-bis(2\u27-pyridyl)-2,3- diaza-l-propene (I) abbreviated PDP reported by Lions and Martin (1) and Geldard and Lions (2) forms a compound with cobalt so intensely colored as to offer promise of use in the analytical chemistry of cobalt. We have now investigated the cobalt, iron and nickel derivatives of PDP in detail and have investigated also certain similar Schiff\u27s bases such as 1-(2\u27 - hydrozyphenyl)-3-pyridyl-2,3-diaza-l-propene (II) , designated later at HPDP

EXPERT COACHES’ EXPERIENTIAL KNOWLEDGE IDENTIFIES THE NEED FOR GREATER REPRESENTATIVE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IN BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSES

Twenty expert coaches were interviewed exploring their conceptions of the fast-bowling technique and how they coached it. Coaches noted highly individualised techniques, that altered at varying times, due to game structure and tactical imperatives, which often required technical intervention. Previous have failed to identify these changes; however, these studies have not included a tactical context. Without taking these contexts into consideration, many changes in technique may have been missed in analysis. By following principles of ecological dynamics, the tactical environment that contextualises a technical analysis, alongside the psychological and emotional states of the athlete, can be used to design more closely representative experimental research settings

RNA Sequencing Reveals Novel Transcripts from Sympathetic Stellate Ganglia During Cardiac Sympathetic Hyperactivity.

Cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent age-related illness worldwide, causing approximately 15 million deaths every year. Hypertension is central in determining cardiovascular risk and is a strong predictive indicator of morbidity and mortality; however, there remains an unmet clinical need for disease-modifying and prophylactic interventions. Enhanced sympathetic activity is a well-established contributor to the pathophysiology of hypertension, however the cellular and molecular changes that increase sympathetic neurotransmission are not known. The aim of this study was to identify key changes in the transcriptome in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. We validated 15 of our top-scoring genes using qRT-PCR, and network and enrichment analyses suggest that glutamatergic signalling plays a key role in modulating Ca2+ balance within these ganglia. Additionally, phosphodiesterase activity was found to be altered in stellates obtained from the hypertensive rat, suggesting that impaired cyclic nucleotide signalling may contribute to disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis and sympathetic hyperactivity in hypertension. We have also confirmed the presence of these transcripts in human donor stellate samples, suggesting that key genes coupled to neurotransmission are conserved. The data described here may provide novel targets for future interventions aimed at treating sympathetic hyperactivity associated with cardiovascular disease and other dysautonomias