8,216 research outputs found
The FERRUM project: Experimental lifetimes and transition probabilities from highly excited even 4d levels in Fe ii
We report lifetime measurements of the 6 levels in the 3d6(5D)4d e6G term in
Fe ii at an energy of 10.4 eV, and f -values for 14 transitions from the
investigated levels. The lifetimes were measured using time-resolved
laser-induced fluorescence on ions in a laser-produced plasma. The high
excitation energy, and the fact that the levels have the same parity as the the
low-lying states directly populated in the plasma, necessitated the use of a
two-photon excitation scheme. The probability for this process is greatly
enhanced by the presence of the 3d6(5D)4p z6F levels at roughly half the energy
difference. The f -values are obtained by combining the experimental lifetimes
with branching fractions derived using relative intensities from a hollow
cathode discharge lamp recorded with a Fourier transform spectrometer. The data
is important for benchmarking atomic calculations of astrophysically important
quantities and useful for spectroscopy of hot stars.Comment: A&A, accepte
Recommended from our members
Transition Probabilities Of Astrophysical Interest In The Niobium Ions Nb+ And Nb2+
Aims. We attempt to derive accurate transition probabilities for astrophysically interesting spectral lines of Nb II and Nb III and determine the niobium abundance in the Sun and metal-poor stars rich in neutron-capture elements. Methods. We used the time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence technique to measure radiative lifetimes in Nb II. Branching fractions were measured from spectra recorded using Fourier transform spectroscopy. The radiative lifetimes and the branching fractions were combined yielding transition probabilities. In addition, we calculated lifetimes and transition probablities in Nb II and Nb III using a relativistic Hartree-Fock method that includes core polarization. Abundances of the sun and five metal-poor stars were derived using synthetic spectra calculated with the MOOG code, including hyperfine broadening of the lines. Results. We present laboratory measurements of 17 radiative lifetimes in Nb II. By combining these lifetimes with branching fractions for lines depopulating the levels, we derive the transition probabilities of 107 Nb II lines from 4d(3)5p configuration in the wavelength region 2240-4700 angstrom. For the first time, we present theoretical transition probabilities of 76 Nb III transitions with wavelengths in the range 1430-3140 angstrom. The derived solar photospheric niobium abundance log epsilon(circle dot) = 1.44 +/- 0.06 is in agreement with the meteoritic value. The stellar Nb/Eu abundance ratio determined for five metal-poor stars confirms that the r-process is a dominant production method for the n-capture elements in these stars.Integrated Initiative of Infrastructure RII3-CT-2003-506350Swedish Research CouncilKnut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationBelgian FRS-FNRSFRIAUS National Science Foundation AST-0607708, AST-0908978Astronom
Evidence against anomalous compositions for giants in the Galactic Nuclear Star Cluster
Very strong Sc I lines have been found recently in cool M giants in the
Nuclear Star Cluster in the Galactic Center. Interpreting these as anomalously
high scandium abundances in the Galactic Center would imply a unique
enhancement signature and chemical evolution history for nuclear star clusters,
and a potential test for models of chemical enrichment in these objects. We
present high resolution K-band spectra (NIRSPEC/Keck II) of cool M giants
situated in the solar neighborhood and compare them with spectra of M giants in
the Nuclear Star Cluster. We clearly identify strong Sc I lines in our solar
neighborhood sample as well as in the Nuclear Star Cluster sample. The strong
Sc I lines in M giants are therefore not unique to stars in the Nuclear Star
Cluster and we argue that the strong lines are a property of the line formation
process that currently escapes accurate theoretical modeling. We further
conclude that for giant stars with effective temperatures below approximately
3800 K these Sc I lines should not be used for deriving the scandium abundances
in any astrophysical environment until we better understand how these lines are
formed. We also discuss the lines of vanadium, titanium, and yttrium identified
in the spectra, which demonstrate a similar striking increase in strength below
3500 K effective temperature.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Enceladus: Cassini observations and implications for the search for life
Aims. The recent Cassini discovery of water vapor plumes ejected from the south pole of the Saturnian satellite, Enceladus, presents a unique window of opportunity for the detection of extant life in our solar system.
Methods. With its significant geothermal energy source propelling these plumes >80 km from the surface of the moon and the ensuing large temperature gradient with the surrounding environment, it is possible to have the weathering of rocks by liquid water at the rock/liquid interface. For the cases of the putatively detected salt-water oceans beneath the ice crusts of Europa and Callisto, an isolated subsurface ocean without photosynthesis or contact with an oxidizing atmosphere will approach chemical equilibrium and annihilate any ecosystems dependent on redox gradients unless there is a substantial alternative energy source. This thermodynamic tendency imposes severe constraints on any biota that is based on chemical energy. On Enceladus, the weathering of rocks by liquid water and any concomitant radioactive emissions are possible incipient conditions for life. If there is CO, CO2 and NH3 present in the spectra obtained from the plume, then this is possible evidence that amino acids could be formed at the rock/liquid interface of Enceladus. The combination of a hydrological cycle, chemical redox gradient and geochemical cycle give favorable conditions for life.
Results. We discuss the search for signatures of these species and organics in the Cassini UVIS spectra of the plume and implications for the possible detection of life
Conceptual mechanization studies for a horizon definition spacecraft attitude control subsystem, phase A, part II, 10 October 1966 - 29 May 1967
Attitude control subsystem for spin stabilized spacecraft for mapping earths infrared horizon radiance profiles in 15 micron carbon dioxide absorption ban
The FERRUM project: Transition probabilities for forbidden lines in [FeII] and experimental metastable lifetimes
Accurate transition probabilities for forbidden lines are important
diagnostic parameters for low-density astrophysical plasmas. In this paper we
present experimental atomic data for forbidden [FeII] transitions that are
observed as strong features in astrophysical spectra.
Aims: To measure lifetimes for the 3d^6(^3G)4s a ^4G_{11/2} and 3d^6(^3D)4s b
^4D_{1/2} metastable levels in FeII and experimental transition probabilities
for the forbidden transitions 3d^7 a ^4F_{7/2,9/2}- 3d^6(^3G)4s a ^4G_{11/2}.
Methods: The lifetimes were measured at the ion storage ring facility CRYRING
using a laser probing technique. Astrophysical branching fractions were
obtained from spectra of Eta Carinae, obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging
Spectrograph onboard the Hubble Space Telescope. The lifetimes and branching
fractions were combined to yield absolute transition probabilities.
Results: The lifetimes of the a ^4G_{11/2} and the b ^4D_{1/2} levels have
been measured and have the following values, 0.75(10) s and 0.54(3) s
respectively. Furthermore, we have determined the transition probabilities for
two forbidden transitions of a ^4F_{7/2,9/2}- a ^4G_{11/2} at 4243.97 and
4346.85 A. Both the lifetimes and the transition probabilities are compared to
calculated values in the literature.Comment: 5 pages, accepted for publication in A&
Transesterificação de óleos vegetais para fins combustíveis.
Amostras de óleos de soja, algodão, colza, girassol e amendoim, depois de refinação alcalina, foram submetidos à transesterificações com metanol e etanol. Observou-se que enquanto as reações com metanol ou etanol anidro p.a. se processam facilmente com altos rendimentos e recuperação quase total do glicerol, as reações com etanol anidro comercial são mais complicadas não havendo separação do glicerol, ocorrendo grandes perdas. Foi desenvolvido, na EMBRAPA-CTAA, um processo que permite a obtenção dos ésteres etílicos, com etanol anidro comercial com conversão quase completa dos triglicerídios e separação do glicerol por adição de uma certa quantidade de glicerol.bitstream/item/118260/1/transesterificacao-de-oleos-vegetais.pd
Proprioception and Tension Receptors in Crab Limbs: Student Laboratory Exercises
The primary purpose of these procedures is to demonstrate for teaching and research purposes how to record the activity of living primary sensory neurons responsible for proprioception as they are detecting joint position and movement, and muscle tension. Electrical activity from crustacean proprioceptors and tension receptors is recorded by basic neurophysiological instrumentation, and a transducer is used to simultaneously measure force that is generated by stimulating a motor nerve. In addition, we demonstrate how to stain the neurons for a quick assessment of their anatomical arrangement or for permanent fixation. Staining reveals anatomical organization that is representative of chordotonal organs in most crustaceans. Comparing the tension nerve responses to the proprioceptive responses is an effective teaching tool in determining how these sensory neurons are defined functionally and how the anatomy is correlated to the function. Three staining techniques are presented allowing researchers and instructors to choose a method that is ideal for their laboratory
- …