Para uma tanatologia dos estádios Olímpicos

The sociology of sport has over a 30-year history of developing a deeper understanding of urban life by conceptualizing the ways in which sport, both as a dominant cultural form, and as the infrastructure that houses it, is connected to the construct of community and identity.  Olympic stadiums, for example, are projected as symbols of global urban status, focal points for local collective identity, and as verification of urban regeneration success –that is, in a sense, as the concrete embodiment of the Olympic Dream.              So what happens when an Olympic stadium is abandoned or destroyed?  What happens when an Olympic stadium dies?  The purpose of this essay is to provoke thought about the role and meaning of Olympic stadium death. We draw upon media studies, gerontological, and thanatological literature to explore how former Olympic stadiums are presented in global media reports.  Situated in the notion that cultural objects have a biography of a life span much as individuals do (Kopytoff, 1986), we ultimately call for a thanatology of sports stadiums

Doubly Periodic Instanton Zero Modes

Fermionic zero modes associated with doubly periodic SU(2) instantons of unit charge are considered. In cases where the action density exhibits two `instanton cores' the zero mode peaks on one of four line-segments joining the two constituents. Which of the four possibilities is realised depends on the fermionic boundary conditions; doubly periodic, doubly anti-periodic or mixed.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

Evaluation of Functional Electrical Stimulation to Assist Cycling in Four Adolescents with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Introduction. Adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) often have difficulty participating in exercise at intensities necessary to improve cardiovascular fitness. Functional electrical stimulation- (FES-) assisted cycling is proposed as a form of exercise for adolescents with CP. The aims of this paper were to adapt methods and assess the feasibility of applying FES cycling technology in adolescents with CP, determine methods of performing cycling tests in adolescents with CP, and evaluate the immediate effects of FES assistance on cycling performance. Materials/Methods. Four participants (12–14 years old; GMFCS levels III-IV) participated in a case-based pilot study of FES-assisted cycling in which bilateral quadriceps muscles were activated using surface electrodes. Cycling cadence, power output, and heart rate were collected. Results. FES-assisted cycling was well tolerated (n = 4) and cases are presented demonstrating increased cadence (2–43 rpm), power output (19–70%), and heart rates (4-5%) and decreased variability (8–13%) in cycling performance when FES was applied, compared to volitional cycling without FES assistance. Some participants (n = 2) required the use of an auxiliary hub motor for assistance. Conclusions. FES-assisted cycling is feasible for individuals with CP and may lead to immediate improvements in cycling performance. Future work will examine the potential for long-term fitness gains using this intervention

New Instanton Solutions at Finite Temperature

We discuss the newly found exact instanton solutions at finite temperature with a non-trivial Polyakov loop at infinity. They can be described in terms of monopole constituents and we discuss in this context an old result due to Taubes how to make out of monopoles non-trivial topological charge configurations, with possible applications to abelian projection.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures (in 5 parts), latex using espcrc1.sty, presented at "QCD at Finite Baryon Density", April 27-30, 1998, Bielefeld, German

Screening and Assessment of Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Clinical Practice Guideline for Health Care Providers

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most common side effect of cancer treatment. Regular surveillance is recommended, but few clinical practice guidelines transparently assess study bias, quality, and clinical utility in deriving recommendations of screening and assessment methods. The purpose of this clinical practice guideline (CPG) is to provide recommendations for the screening and assessment of CRF for health care professions treating individuals with cancer. Following best practices for development of a CPG using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) Statement and Emergency Care Research Institute (ECRI) Guidelines Trust Scorecard, this CPG included a systematic search of the literature, quality assessment of included evidence, and stakeholder input from diverse health care fields to derive the final CPG. Ten screening and 15 assessment tools supported by 114 articles were reviewed. One screen (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer–Quality of Life Questionnaire–30 Core Questionnaire) and 3 assessments (Piper Fatigue Scale–Revised, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue, and Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System [PROMIS] Fatigue-SF) received an A recommendation (“should be used in clinical practice”), and 1 screen and 5 assessments received a B recommendation (“may be used in clinical practice”). Health care providers have choice in determining appropriate screening and assessment tools to be used across the survivorship care continuum. The large number of tools available to screen for or assess CRF may result in a lack of comprehensive research evidence, leaving gaps in the body of evidence for measurement tools. More research into the responsiveness of these tools is needed in order to adopt their use as outcome measures. Impact: Health care providers should screen for and assess CRF using one of the tools recommended by this CPG

Screening and Assessment of Cancer-Related Fatigue: An Executive Summary and Road Map for Clinical Implementation

Background: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) prevalence is reported as high as 90%. Cancer-related fatigue is multidimensional and associated with lower health-related quality of life. Effective screening and assessment are dependent upon use of valid, reliable, and clinically feasible measures. This Executive Summary of the Screening and Assessment of Cancer-related Fatigue Clinical Practice Guideline provides recommendations for best measures to screen and assess for CRF based on the quality and level of evidence, psychometric strength of the tools, and clinical utility. Methods: After a systematic review of the literature, studies evaluating CRF measurement tools were assessed for quality; data extraction included psychometrics and clinical utility. Measurement tools were categorized as either screens or assessments. Results: Four screens are recommended: European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory, the Distress Thermometer, and the One-Item Fatigue Scale. Eight assessments are recommended: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Fatigue, Piper Fatigue Scale—Revised, Brief Fatigue Inventory, Cancer Fatigue Scale, Fatigue Symptom Inventory, Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Fatigue Short Form and CAT, and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20. Discussion: This Executive Summary is a synopsis of and road map for implementation of the Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Assessment of CRF. Review of the full Clinical Practice Guideline is recommended. Additional research focused on responsiveness of instruments is needed in order to consider them for use as outcome measures. Screening and assessing CRF will result in opportunities to improve the quality of life of individuals with cancer

Calorons in Weyl Gauge

We demonstrate by explicit construction that while the untwisted Harrington-Shepard caloron $A_\mu$ is manifestly periodic in Euclidean time, with period $\beta=\frac{1}{T}$, when transformed to the Weyl ($A_0=0$) gauge, the caloron gauge field $A_i$ is periodic only up to a large gauge transformation, with winding number equal to the caloron's topological charge. This helps clarify the tunneling interpretation of these solutions, and their relation to Chern-Simons numbers and winding numbers.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, a sign typo in equation 27 is correcte

Discourses of Distribution

Occupying the organizational space between television’s culture world of production and its audience, TV distribution serves as the institutional site where the industry implements its strategic transactions of global buying, selling, and transmission. Distribution not only connects the industrial processes of production and consumption to one another: these processes also transform TV texts and their meanings in the process. By clarifying how the site of distribution unveils the “residue” of production and the “anticipation” of consumption in addition to serving as its own unique intermediary function on the circuit, our analysis introduces a conceptual depth, or three-dimensionality, into circuit models by mapping nested discourses of globalization onto circuit models, thereby illuminating vertical as well as circular motion on the circuit. Therefore, subsuming distribution under other circuit processes mistakenly implies that distribution contributes nothing unique to television and its meanings. Ultimately, our introduction of depth/verticality into circuit models provides a new conceptual framework to guide future analyses of the structure and dynamics of the global market. This article is an edited version of Chapter 5 of Global TV (NYU Press, 2008), with a new introduction.Située entre l’univers culturel de la production télévisuelle et son audience, la distribution est une étape dans la circulation des biens télévisés : c’est dans cet espace institutionnel que le secteur de la télévision met en œuvre ses stratégies commerciales d’achats, de ventes et de diffusions à l’échelle mondiale. Mais la distribution ne se contente pas de relier les processus industriels de production des programmes et leur consommation, elle est aussi elle-même un processus qui transforme les contenus télévisés et leur sens. Nous montrons comment cette étape de la distribution, à travers sa fonction essentielle d’intermédiaire au sein du circuit, dévoile les « traces » de la production tout en « anticipant » la consommation ; l’analyse que nous proposons introduit une profondeur conceptuelle, une tridimensionnalité dans les modèles de circulation à partir d’une cartographie des discours imbriqués sur la mondialisation : nous mettons ainsi en évidence le mouvement à la fois vertical et circulaire de ce circuit. Dès lors, se contenter d’incorporer la distribution dans les modèles existants de circulation pourrait laisser penser à tort que la distribution ne contribue en rien à la télévision et à ce qu’elle signifie. L’introduction de profondeur et de verticalité dans les modèles de circulation ouvre finalement un nouveau cadre conceptuel pour de futures analyses de la structure et des dynamiques du marché mondial. Cet article est une version remaniée du chapitre 5 de l’ouvrage Global TV (NYU Press, 2008), avec une introduction inédite.La distribución se sitúa entre el universo cultural de la producción televisiva y su audiencia y es una etapa en la circulación de los bienes televisuales: es en este espacio institucional que el sector de la televisión desarrolla sus estrategias comerciales de compra, venta y difusión a escala mundial. Pero la distribución no se limita a vincular los procesos industriales de producción de programas y su consumo, ella misma es igualmente un proceso que transforma los contenidos televisivos y su sentido. Mostramos de qué manera esta etapa de la distribución, a través de su función esencial de intermediaria en el circuito, muestra las «trazas» de la producción «anticipando» el consumo; el análisis propuesto incorpora profundidad conceptual, una tridimensionalidad de los modelos de circulación a partir de una cartografía de los imbricados discursos sobre la globalización: de tal manera evidenciamos el movimiento, a la vez vertical y circular de este circuito. Por consiguiente, limitarse a incorporar la distribución en los modelos existentes de circulación podría hacer pensar equivocadamente que la distribución no contribuye para nada con la televisión y a lo que ella significa. La incorporación de profundidad y verticalidad en los modelos de circulación abre un nuevo cuadro conceptual para los futuros análisis de la estructura y dinámicas del mercado mundial. Este artículo es una versión modificada del capitulo 5 del libro Global TV (NYU Press, 2008) con una introducción inédita

Les discours de la distribution

Située entre l’univers culturel de la production télévisuelle et son audience, la distribution est une étape dans la circulation des biens télévisés : c’est dans cet espace institutionnel que le secteur de la télévision met en œuvre ses stratégies commerciales d’achats, de ventes et de diffusions à l’échelle mondiale. Mais la distribution ne se contente pas de relier les processus industriels de production des programmes et leur consommation, elle est aussi elle-même un processus qui transforme les contenus télévisés et leur sens. Nous montrons comment cette étape de la distribution, à travers sa fonction essentielle d’intermédiaire au sein du circuit, dévoile les « traces » de la production tout en « anticipant » la consommation ; l’analyse que nous proposons introduit une profondeur conceptuelle, une tridimensionnalité dans les modèles de circulation à partir d’une cartographie des discours imbriqués sur la mondialisation : nous mettons ainsi en évidence le mouvement à la fois vertical et circulaire de ce circuit. Dès lors, se contenter d’incorporer la distribution dans les modèles existants de circulation pourrait laisser penser à tort que la distribution ne contribue en rien à la télévision et à ce qu’elle signifie. L’introduction de profondeur et de verticalité dans les modèles de circulation ouvre finalement un nouveau cadre conceptuel pour de futures analyses de la structure et des dynamiques du marché mondial. Cet article est une version remaniée du chapitre 5 de l’ouvrage Global TV (NYU Press, 2008), avec une introduction inédite.Occupying the organizational space between television’s culture world of production and its audience, TV distribution serves as the institutional site where the industry implements its strategic transactions of global buying, selling, and transmission. Distribution not only connects the industrial processes of production and consumption to one another: these processes also transform TV texts and their meanings in the process. By clarifying how the site of distribution unveils the “residue” of production and the “anticipation” of consumption in addition to serving as its own unique intermediary function on the circuit, our analysis introduces a conceptual depth, or three-dimensionality, into circuit models by mapping nested discourses of globalization onto circuit models, thereby illuminating vertical as well as circular motion on the circuit. Therefore, subsuming distribution under other circuit processes mistakenly implies that distribution contributes nothing unique to television and its meanings. Ultimately, our introduction of depth/verticality into circuit models provides a new conceptual framework to guide future analyses of the structure and dynamics of the global market. This article is an edited version of Chapter 5 of Global TV (NYU Press, 2008), with a new introduction.La distribución se sitúa entre el universo cultural de la producción televisiva y su audiencia y es una etapa en la circulación de los bienes televisuales: es en este espacio institucional que el sector de la televisión desarrolla sus estrategias comerciales de compra, venta y difusión a escala mundial. Pero la distribución no se limita a vincular los procesos industriales de producción de programas y su consumo, ella misma es igualmente un proceso que transforma los contenidos televisivos y su sentido. Mostramos de qué manera esta etapa de la distribución, a través de su función esencial de intermediaria en el circuito, muestra las «trazas» de la producción «anticipando» el consumo; el análisis propuesto incorpora profundidad conceptual, una tridimensionalidad de los modelos de circulación a partir de una cartografía de los imbricados discursos sobre la globalización: de tal manera evidenciamos el movimiento, a la vez vertical y circular de este circuito. Por consiguiente, limitarse a incorporar la distribución en los modelos existentes de circulación podría hacer pensar equivocadamente que la distribución no contribuye para nada con la televisión y a lo que ella significa. La incorporación de profundidad y verticalidad en los modelos de circulación abre un nuevo cuadro conceptual para los futuros análisis de la estructura y dinámicas del mercado mundial. Este artículo es una versión modificada del capitulo 5 del libro Global TV (NYU Press, 2008) con una introducción inédita

Uma perspectiva sobre fãs ao longo da trajetória de vida*

In this article we explore a life course perspective on fandom, with particular emphasis on fandom and adult development. While there is growing interest in issues of age and aging within fan studies and within media studies more broadly, there is a tendency in this literature to discuss aging and the life course atheoretically, ignoring a rich body of scholarship in fields that examines how lives unfold over time. Our goal in this manuscript is to make explicit what is typically rendered implicit in fan studies to enrich our understanding of long-term and later-life fandom, and to suggest ways that fan studies might more fully account for fandom over timeNeste artigo, abordamos os fãs sob a perspectiva da trajetória de vida, particularmente com ênfase na situação de ser um fã e o desenvolvimento da fase adulta. Ao mesmo tempo em que há, de forma geral, um interesse crescente pelas questões relativas à idade e ao envelhecimento nos estudos sobre fãs, existe também uma tendência na literatura de discutir o envelhecimento e a trajetória de vida de forma não teórica, deixando de lado grande parte do conhecimento acadêmico em áreas que se dedicam a entender como a vida se desdobra ao longo do tempo. Nosso objetivo aqui é tornar explícito o que normalmente é deixado implícito nos estudos sobre fãs para enriquecer nossa compreensão sobre fãs de longa data e de idade avançada, e sugerir maneiras como os estudos sobre fãs em geral poderiam tratar da questão em relação ao temp