Shuttle program. MCC Level C formulation requirements: Entry guidance and entry autopilot

A set of preliminary entry guidance and autopilot software formulations is presented for use in the Mission Control Center (MCC) entry processor. These software formulations meet all level B requirements. Revision 2 incorporates the modifications required to functionally simulate optimal TAEM targeting capability (OTT). Implementation of this logic in the MCC must be coordinated with flight software OTT implementation and MCC TAEM guidance OTT. The entry guidance logic is based on the Orbiter avionics entry guidance software. This MCC requirements document contains a definition of coordinate systems, a list of parameter definitions for the software formulations, a description of the entry guidance detailed formulation requirements, a description of the detailed autopilot formulation requirements, a description of the targeting routine, and a set of formulation flow charts

Entry guidance and entry autopilot (STS-1 baseline)

Preliminary entry guidance and autopilot software formulations, for use in the Mission Control Center (MCC) entry processor, are presented. The MCC requirements are met by a definition of coordinate systems, a list of parameter definitions for the software formulations, a description of the entry guidance detailed formulation requirements, a description of the detailed autopilot formualtion requirements, a description of the targeting routine, and a set of formulation flow charts

Mental Cage: A Qualitative Analysis of the Mental Game in the Sport of Mixed Martial Arts

Past research dealing with power sports has dealt mainly with the effects of participation in such sports as boxing and wrestling (Endresen & Olweus, 2005). Results have shown that participation in such sports has led to an increase and enhancement of violent and nonviolent antisocial behavior outside of sport (Endresen & Olweus, 2005; Bloom & Smith, 1996). The sport psychology literature has thus far failed to encompass the lived experience or possible themes that arise that stem from being a part of this culture. The purpose of this study was to examine the amateur Mixed Martial Arts athlete and their experience with mental skill usage in both training and competing. This study utilized existential phenomenological methodology and a humanistic framework. Data was collected from a purposeful sample of six amateur MMA fighters. Results were analyzed to uncover possible common themes experienced by the amateur MMA athlete

Uneven-aged management in the Missouri Ozarks: effects of site conditions, stand density, and prior populations on oak regeneration

While studies have shown the importance of site characteristics and overstory density on the success of white oak regeneration under uneven-aged management, few studies have analyzed the effects of these variables over time in the Missouri Ozarks. Here, we quantify the effects of site variables, stand density, and prior populations of reproduction on temporal patterns of white oak reproduction establishment and recruitment following decades of uneven-aged management. The results of this study indicate that while site characteristics, stand density, and prior populations are all important for white oak regeneration, this is not the case for every site characteristic or stage of regeneration. While xeric conditions often improve white oak regeneration, some xeric site characteristics, such as low available water capacity, reduce white oak regeneration. This study found that stand density reduction is also important for increasing future white oak recruitment; however, it was not important for increasing white oak seedling establishment. Further, under uneven-aged management stand density was not closely related to understory sunlight levels. Finally, prior populations of regeneration are vital to future recruitment, and it is necessary to have prior populations established many years in advance of desired recruitment.Includes bibliographical references

The Role of Frame Selection and Bispectrum Phase Reconstruction for Speckle Imaging Through Atmospheric Turbulence

Frame selection using quality sharpness metrics have been shown in previous AFIT theses, to be effective in improving the final product of images obtained using adaptive optics. This thesis extends this idea to noncompensated speckle image data. Speckle image reconstruction is simulated with and without frame selection. Speckle images require the processing of hundreds of data frames. Frame selection is a method of reducing the amount of data required to reconstruct the image. A collection of short exposure image data frames of a single object are sorted based on sharpness metrics. Only the highest quality frames are retained and processed for the final image. The phase spectrum is reconstructed using the bispectrum technique. The benefits of frame selection for point (star) sources and extended (satellite) sources are examined by comparing composite image data with and without frame selection. The resulting power spectrum is evaluated through the SNR gain measurements, and the resulting phase spectrum is evaluated by measuring the phase error between the composite image and the object. In both cases, the results show that frame selection does not improve the power or the phase spectrums. For point sources, results show frame selection causes slight decrease in performance. For extended sources, the change in performance is insignificant. However, frame selection does offer a means for data reduction without significantly reducing performance in a wide variety of target brightness levels and atmospheric turbulence conditions

Development of a Toolkit to Evaluate Efficacy of the Respecting Choices© System of Advance Care Planning

In 1991 the United States Congress enacted the Patient Self-Determination Act which was an attempt by the government to improve completion rates of advance directives. Despite enactment of this law, completion rates of advance directives have remained relatively unchanged with only 18-36% of adult Americans having completed a document (United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2008). Nearly 90% of healthcare spending in the United States is on the management of chronic conditions (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). As the baby boomer generation, which already has a high number of chronic conditions, ages our struggling healthcare system will be further strained. One important aspect of chronic disease management is advance care planning (Prystowsky, 2015). While various advance care planning programs exist, the Respecting Choices© program has been recommended by the Institute of Medicine (2015) as a viable framework to increase advance care planning activities and advance directive completion rates. A not-for-profit health care system located in West Michigan that is comprised of 12 hospitals, nearly 200 ambulatory care sites and network of more than 3,000 physicians, will soon begin implementing the Respecting Choices© advance care planning program. The proposed doctoral project includes development of a toolkit to evaluate the efficacy of the Respecting Choices© system of advance care planning at increasing advance directive completion rates and documentation of the advance directive in the medical record

MCC level C formulation requirements. Entry guidance and entry autopilot, optional TAEM targeting

The level C software formulations requirements for the entry guidance and the simplified autopilot to be used by the Mission Control Center (MCC) entry processor are presented. The modifications required to functionally simulate optional Terminal Area Energy Management (TAEM) targeting capability (OTT) are incorporated. Implementation of this logic in the MCC must be coordinated with flight software OTT implementation and MCC TAEM guidance OTT. The entry guidance logic is based on the orbiter avionics entry guidance software. Descriptions of the entry guidance detailed formulation requirements, the detailed autopilot formulation requirements, and the targeting routine are given. Also included are a definition of coordinate systems, a list of parameter definitions for the software formulations, and a set of formulation flow charts

Silicon Microleaks for Inlets of Mass Spectrometers

Microleaks for inlets of mass spectrometers used to analyze atmospheric gases can be fabricated in silicon wafers by means of photolithography, etching, and other techniques that are commonly used in the manufacture of integrated circuits and microelectromechanical systems. The microleaks serve to limit the flows of the gases into the mass-spectrometer vacuums to specified very small flow rates consistent with the capacities of the spectrometer vacuum pumps. There is a need to be able to precisely tailor the dimensions of each microleak so as to tailor its conductance to a precise low value. (As used here, "conductance" signifies the ratio between the rate of flow in the leak and the pressure drop from the upstream to the downstream end of the leak.) To date, microleaks have been made, variously, of crimped metal tubes, pulled glass tubes, or frits. Crimped-metal and pulled-glass-tube microleaks cannot readily be fabricated repeatably to precise dimensions and are susceptible to clogging with droplets or particles. Frits tend to be differentially chemically reactive with various gas constituents and, hence, to distort the gas mixtures to be analyzed. The present approach involving microfabrication in silicon largely overcomes the disadvantages of the prior approaches

Systems, methods, and apparatus of a low conductance silicon micro-leak for mass spectrometer inlet

Systems, methods and apparatus are provided through which in some embodiments a mass spectrometer micro-leak includes a number of channels fabricated by semiconductor processing tools and that includes a number of inlet holes that provide access to the channels

Systems, Methods, and Apparatus of a Low Conductance Silicon Micro-Leak for Mass Spectrometer Inlet

Systems, methods and apparatus are provided through which in some embodiments a mass spectrometer micro-leak includes a number of channels fabricated by semiconductor processing tools and that includes a number of inlet holes that provide access to the channels