Harta dalam Konsepsi Adat Minangkabau

Minangkabau, with all of its aspects, has attracted academician to conduct researches about it. In terms of wealth, this tribe has a great detailed concepts. Comprehensive descriptions upon wealth center around the systems of kinship, power, and land ownership which is known as suku, sako and pusako. Social value of wealth is realized through communal wealth ownership. The authority of wealth is socialized by presenting tribal address to other people through the concept of sasongko. This wealth is supposed to inherit from generation to generation by means of communal authority system. However, some external systems, such as Islam, have given fundamental change which is considered too intervening. Consequently, the community cannot fully accept the change but, in other hand, do not want to reject it

Application of ANFIS in Predicting of TiAlN Coatings Hardness

In this paper, a new approach in predicting the hardness of Titanium Aluminum Nitrite (TiAlN) coatings using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is implemented. TiAlN coated cutting tool is widely used in machining due to its excellent properties. The TiAlN coatings were formed using Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) magnetron sputtering process. The substrate sputtering power, bias voltage and temperature were selected as the input parameters and the hardness as an output of the process. A statistical design of experiment called Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used in collecting optimized data. The ANFIS model was trained using the limited experimental data. The triangular, trapezoidal, bell and Gaussian shapes of membership functions were used for inputs as well as output. The results of ANFIS model were validated with the testing data and compared with fuzzy and nonlinear RSM hardness models in terms of the root mean square error (RMSE) and model prediction accuracy. The result indicated that the ANFIS model using 3-3-3 triangular shapes membership function obtained better result compared to the fuzzy and nonlinear RSM hardness models. The result also indicated that the ANFIS model could predict the output response in high prediction accuracy even using limited training data

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Grooming future scientists and engineers from the root through fun learning concept

The development of the Fun Learning Toy Library is beneficial in many ways. The STEM concept Fun Learning Toy Library provides a conducive environment for pre-school children to develop their interest in science and technology at a very young age. It is hoped that with the facility in place at rural areas, these young children will be motivated to develop a deep interest in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education for their future endeavour. This paper describes the development of Fun Learning Toy Library (FLTL) at a rural school in Kelantan, and to evaluate its impact on the preschool students especially in learning STEM. The enjoyable and fun learning concept of learning 'difficult' subjects like sciences and mathematics has also overcome the trauma effect of the natural disaster that the students face. It was reported that many of these young children lost their homes and had difficulty going to school; some for the fear of being separated from their families after their homes and village were badly hit by flood. Having the toy library in school, these children become excited and motivated to attend school every day. Additionally, analysis from the observations shows other intangible benefit of this project, which are the networking and bonding that was developed among the volunteers, partners and the local community, particularly the school teachers and students alike. The teachers' participation in the implementation of STEM activities is dynamic and promising

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

Background: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) biomass in Malaysia: The present and future prospects

Oil palm industry is the largest contributor of biomass in Malaysia. Oil palm biomass are constantly generated in large quantities annually with a small fraction being converted into value added product while a large percentage are left underutilized. Several researchers have reported the various technologies available for the conversion of oil palm biomass into useful bio-products, including bio-fuel, biogas, bio-fertilizers, bio-composite and briquettes. In general, these technologies are either underutilized or inadequate for full conversion of these abundantly available biomass, hence, there is an urgent need for upgrading of such technologies. This review article highlights the availability of oil palm biomass in Malaysia, the chemical compositions, as well as a brief description of current technologies for converting oil palm biomass into value added products. The review also outlines a summary of the various products obtained from oil palm biomass. Steps to achieve maximum utilization of biomass from oil palm industry are also proposed